in darkest africa

13
5 0 lN DARKEST FRICA - Part O n e A GUIDE TO WARGAMING ENTRAL FRIGA N THE LATE NINETEENTH ENTURY WITH A SET OF SKIRMISH RULES AND CAMPAIGN YSTEM. by CHRIS PEERS with a Mark Copplestone). -==-:-.---== no3ro.A, TEE JEW C-{Pr:rAt As most argamers have earned rom exper;ence, t is a sensible olic), o plan our figure collecting round he ules thal we enjoy playine. alher han buy;ng igures ecause like the look of them, and hen *'orrying abour whal ro do rvith hen laler Bul ofcourse, t usually doesn't appen ha t \ay. The latest emptation o shake my resolve n this respect s Mark Copplestone's ew 25mn. "Darkesi Africa" range romGuemsey oundry. ha\e ahvays een nrerested in evenls n Africa during he period ofexplorarion. ui untit no$, I had never rhoughr much aboul t as a subjecl br udJgdming ul ha\ing decided hal he igures ere goinr to be nesistible and having een o$,many rher members ofmy local club were nfected with the same nthusiasm it $as obvious hat we would need a game $'e could play with The bllowing deas re anamalgamation fseveral itrerenr influences: olably Peter Pigs "AK-,17 Republic" Modern Afii€an mles and he campaign yslem hich I devised or them, and my own, half,forgotten, Cheap and Nasry ndian Muliny Skirmish Rules", as .evived and revised by Mark Copplestone nd John French. rvrote he alter quile a fe$ years ago. or the usual eason I had painled up some of Wargames oundry's Mutiny igures. ul had no game which I could use them fof - and Duncan was kind enough o publisb hcm n WI at tbe irne. To udge rom 1be eedback tiom readers h;smust have been he most popular nicle have ever $ritten.which s a bit embarrassing s threw he rules ogether n aboul balf an hour, betweeninishing he figures on Sunday and playing he game on the lbllowing Tuesday. o one was more surprised han tras o find rhat. ;ncrediblt basicrhough hey w€re. rhey actually worked Neve(heless. hey languished argely orgorlen or quite a i\.hil€, until oul ofthe blue Mark and John ask€d f I minded ifthey adapied hem or rheh African game ar Partizan h; s May. Ofcourse didn't mind: hey had solved my problem as wcll as their own. A&er all, the rules tlere intended specifically or large 9th c€ntury kirmishes et{een orces at different eveis oftechnology nd organisation, nd virh a fer.obvious changcs. heyappeared o work for Africajust a s sellas or ndia. OF TBE ${PEBOB ITTESA. Skirmish ames rc all lery Bell for an occasional igh hearted ncounter. ul I llnd that people end o lose nlerest in them after a while, unless hcy afc built inio some more durable slructure- No one wanls 10 buy a fe\\. hundred figures, ut them on the able on€e or tw;ce, and hen shove them o the back of a drawer Obviously, what was needed w?s an equally simple €anpaign- And once again, the solution as already o hand. have explained n a previous arlicle the st)lised ca'npaign sysrem which we (ie. the October Club in Binningham) are using for our current Modern African campxign. The Dagomban Civil War". Well. it turns out rhal long-suffcr;ng bur fortunately fictional) Daeomba was also a scene of conflici about a hundred nd hirty years go. The system have used ere s not dentical o he modem ersion, ecause he aims ofth€ different actions are differenl, but the basic "smkes an d ladders" principle s the same. nd basing l on the map oI Dagomba aved me he bother ffinding or invent;ng ne w HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. By lhe rhird quaner of the lgth cenrury, Easr and Cenrral Africa hadbecome omething f a playground or explorers and adventurers rom Europe. or he people iving there. n the other hand, lhis was a time of disasler Nol only Europeans. ut Arab slavers and almosr equallyrulhless ivory traders ampaged cross he continent, .agging of f the natives or sale abroad r conscripting hem as porters. At Ihe same ime $'arlike ribes such ]s he Ngoni from the south and he Kammojong rom he north, set n motion b- v other upheavalseyond heir homelands, igraled r raided inlo the region. The ocal ribes of course ought back, an d in the vast egion between he Congo River and he Indian Ocean all sorls of different armies allied or clashed with each other n whal must have seemed t times ike a gigantic multi-comered ight. As ifthis $?s not enough, ome r;bes - nolably he Masai- kepl rhemselves usv with blood civ;l Th€ fi-qhting was seldom over conventicnal enitorial objectiles. For the European xplorers, he ultimale goal

Upload: brett-michael-chinchen

Post on 17-Oct-2015

146 views

Category:

Documents


6 download

DESCRIPTION

Wargame rules

TRANSCRIPT

  • 50

    lN DARKEST AFRICA - Part OneA GUIDE TO WARGAMING CENTRAL AFRIGA IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURYWITH A SET OF SKIRMISH RULES AND CAMPAIGN SYSTEM.

    by CHRIS PEERS (with a Mark Copplestone).-==-:-.---==

    no3ro.A, TEE JEW C-{Pr:rAtAs most \argamers have learned from exper;ence, it is asensible polic), to plan our figure collecting around the rulesthal we enjoy playine. ralher than buy;ng figures because \like the look of them, and then *'orrying abour whal ro dorvith ihen laler Bul ofcourse, it usually doesn't happen rhat\ay. The latest temptation to shake my resolve in thisrespect is Mark Copplestone's new 25mn. "Darkesi Africa"range from Guemsey Foundry. I ha\e ahvays been inrerestedin evenls in Africa during the period ofexplorarion. bui untitno$, I had never rhoughr much aboul it as a subjecl tbrudJgdming Bul ha\ ing decided rhal lhe f igures qere goinrto be inesistible - and having seen ho$,many orher membersofmy local club were infected with the same enthusiasm - it$as obvious that we would need a game $'e could play with

    The fbllowing ideas are an amalgamation ofseveral ditrerenrinfluences: nolably Peter Pigs "AK-,17 Republic" ModernAfiian mles and the campaign syslem {hich I devised forthem, and my own, half,forgotten, "Cheap and Nasry tndianMuliny Skirmish Rules", as .evived and revised by MarkCopplestone and John French. I rvrote the lalter quile a fe$years ago. for the usual reason - I had painled up some ofWargames Foundry's Mutiny figures. bul had no game whichI could use them fof - and Duncan was kind enough topublisb thcm in WI at tbe tirne. To judge from 1be feedbacktiom readers th;s must have been the most popular anicle Ihave ever $ritten. which is a bit embarrassing as I threw lherules together in aboul balf an hour, between finishing thefigures on Sunday and playing the game on the lbllowingTuesday. No one was more surprised than I tras to find rhat.;ncrediblt basic rhough they wre. rhey actually worked!Neve(heless. lhey languished largely forgorlen for quite ai\.hil, until oul ofthe blue Mark and John askd if I mindedifthey adapied them for rheh African game ar Partizan rh;sMay. Ofcourse I didn't mind: lhey had solved my problemas wcll as their own. A&er all, the rules tlere intendedspecifically for large l9th cntury skirmishes bet{een forcesat different leveis oftechnology and organisation, and rvirh afer.obvious changcs. they appeared to work for Africajustas sel las for India.

    OF TBE ${PEBOB ITTESA.

    Skirmish games arc al l lery Bel l for an occasional l igh!hearted encounter. bul I llnd that people tend to lose inlerestin them after a while, unless rhcy afc built inio some moredurable slructure- No one wanls 10 buy a fe\\. hundredfigures, put them on the table one or tw;ce, and then shovethem to the back of a drawer Obviously, what was neededw?s an equally simple anpaign- And once again, thesolution $as already to hand. I have explained in a previousarlicle the st)lised ca'npaign sysrem which we (ie. theOctober Club in Binningham) are using for our currentModern African campxign. "The Dagomban Civil War".Well. it turns out rhal long-suffcr;ng lbur fortunatelyfictional) Daeomba was also a scene of conflici about ahundred and thirty years ago. The system I have used here isnot identical 1o the modem version, because the aims ofthdifferent factions are differenl, but the basic "smkes andladders" principle is the same. and basing il on the map oIDagomba saved me the bother offinding or invent;ng a new

    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.By lhe rhird quaner of the lgth cenrury, Easr and CenrralAfrica had become something of a playground for explorersand adventurers from Europe. For the people living there. onthe other hand, lhis was a time of disasler Nol onlyEuropeans. but Arab slavers and almosr equally rulhlessivory traders rampaged across the continent, d.agging offthe natives lor sale abroad or conscripting them as porters.At Ihe same time $'arlike tribes such l]s the Ngoni from thesouth and the Kammojong from the north, set in motion b-vother upheavals beyond their homelands, migraled or raidedinlo the region. The local lribes of course fought back, andin the vast region between the Congo River and the IndianOcean all sorls of different armies allied or clashed witheach other in whal must have seemed at times like a giganticmulti-comered fight. As ifthis $?s not enough, some tr;bes- nolably the Masai- kepl rhemselves busv with blood! civ;l

    Th fi-qhting was seldom over conventicnal tenitorialobjectiles. For the European explorers, ihe ultimale goal

  • mighl be the unkno'"vn source of a river. or a seni-mythicallak. or mountain. The Arabs $ould be lrling lo collectenough slales or ivory to make the trip inland worthlvhile.and then get their cargo safely back to rhe coast. The nari\ecattle-herding tribes $ould be doing bas;call) the same thingwilh olher pcople's cattle. Olher nalive chiefs mighl aim tob recognised or confirmed as a "d;vine" king (according totradit;onal African notions of kingship), through acombinalion of material wealth and success in batlle. Thetanners and hunters, on the olhe. hand, $,ere strategicallythirly pass;ve - although lhe) mighl try to fighr off slavers.or obstruct {he passage ofarmies th.ough the;r lenitory - andwould generally be happy ifthey remained in conlrol ofthe

    mean;ng "soldier". For our purposes. it embraces allprofessional Arab and Afr;can lroops, amed with firearmsof various t_vpes, and having a reasonable amounl oiconfidence in their abiliry to use rhem. This includesZanzibari and Sudanese slavers, and natile auxiliariesrecruitcd and equipped by Europeans. Also covered underth;s heading are the better equipped follorvers ol somenative chiefs - such as the "Ruga"Ruga" enployed bywarlords like Mirambo of the Nyamwezi lribe and hiscontemporary Nlungu ofthe Kimbu - ,nd profess;onal slaleand ;vor)Laders like the "pombeiros" whom Livingstonediscovered operating along the upper Zambes; ;n the 1850s.There are 2 sub-classes of Askaris. in addition ro the

    'Ihese rules. therelbre, are baied around the existenc of a

    nunber of different types of force, each composed ofdiffering propo(ions ofthe various t] pes oftroops available(rvith acknowledgements to Peler P;9, Nho have used asimilar apprcach ;n their "AK-47 Republic" Modern rules).For game purposes, I have reduced the enormous varielv ofredl l i f ( rroopr)pes lo the fol losinC brodd caleporier:TROOP TYPES:Europeans

    Elite Askarisuntil rhe late 1860s,these men will bedistinguished rnainlyby their bexer lrain-ing and morale.Therealler. the]mighi carn, breechloadnrg rifles or re-pealing carbines in

    These were mercenaries, rec.uited nainly from the Indiansub-conlinent, who were frequently found in the service ofthe Zanzibaris. They conlinued to favour obsolete matchlockmuskels. backed up by sword and shield, and so arc treatedhere as less effective when firing, although better at hand-ro-hand combat, than standard Askaris.

    slead ofthe nore common muzzleloaders. Thev will sencFally be a small minoritJ ofany force - forming, tbr exam-ple, ihe bodyguads ofZantbari leade.s.

    Pretty obvious really. ln this periodthey are mostly explorers and big-game hunters. rather than thecommandars of conventionalmilitary expeditions. Armed wilhthe latest rnilhary or sporting guns,practiced shots, convinced of theirabsolute supedority over the"savages"

    - and wilh nowhere 10run ro ifthey don't stand and fighr -lhey are the most effeclive troops inthe game. Howevet they are onlyavailable in very smallnumbers.

    Askaris"Askari" is an Arabic word

    UBA'B0,3PITEIoT8.

    land they sianed \,!ith.

    Baluchis

  • Native MusketersWaniors fron traditional African societ;es. armed.$iihfirearms whih were generally old-fashioned and badly-maintained. These weapons had been supplied in very largenumbers over the preceding couple of centuris 10 nativeagents of the ivofv and slave trades. They \,!ere seldom.however used with any greal skill. In lvarfare fi noise rheymade rvas oflen considered to be as important as any acrualdamage they might do, and so ancient large-calibre muzzle-loaders were often prefened, even when more modemweapons were available. Ammunition $,as ftequently"grapeshot" made from nails, bils ofpottery etc. (lt was nolunknown lbr waniors to go to the trouble of filing off therifling from the insides ofthe banels ofmodem rifles so rhalthey could be used to fire such improvised projectiles-)

    The bow \vas less onmonly used in warfare in the lgtbcentury than it had been lormerly. This r,as at least partlydue lo lhe prestige wh;ch had come ro be aitached tofirearms, although in fact skilled archers \\'ere often moreefective than their compatriots equipped with musketswhich they had not been trained to use properly. Somepeoples - notably pastoralists like the Masai - desp;sed thebo!v, and restricted its use to youths not yet qualified aswaniors, and old nen lefi to guard the camp. Howevef,some forest tribes who rlied heavily on hunling could siillfield numerous fichers, many of whom used poisonedarrows. There is I sub-class ofthis category:

    PyenicsIn the dense Congo rain forests, a few lribes ofPygmies stilllived as hunter-gatherers. They rvere exceptionally skillcd infieldcraft and archery, and specialised in shooting poisonedanows from ambush. They usually prefered ro aloid otherpeople, but in many cases had been lured or forced into alose relationship with neighbouring farming tribes. Thefarmers ofien thought of themselves as owning "rheir"Pygmies, but the latter no doubt saw il differenlly. In facl,many other Africans wre secrtly tenified of the deadlylittle hunters.

    Native SpearmenOthe. tribal waniors. whether armed with spears (by far rhemost common) or other hand-to-hand wapons such asswords and axes. Swords $'ere popular in Easr Africa andareas under Arab influence, but less so in the Congo. Thereare 2 sub-classes. apart from standard Spearmen:

    Agil SpearmenThe younger waniors of some pastoral or semi-pasroralsocieties. whose lifestyle and training for war made lhemexceptionally fleet of fool, and who were expected 1() pfolethemselves in battle before they could progress 10 full adulrsratus within the lribe. Among some peoples, Iike the Masai,this distinction was lbrrnalised by a tradirional system oforganised age-classes, members ofs,hich foughr rogerber

    Warrior SpearmenComprising a small elite oflhe older, more experienced menin most societies, but the bulk of the mature warriors of alew notably warlike peoples, such as th Masai or Ngoni.These men might be slightly less mobile thar their juniors,but are exceptionally deadly in close ombat.

    FORCE TYPES:The above troop-tvpes, in varying propodions, may becombined into any of the following force types. Like thetroop categories the]' are necessarily over,simplified, but ilshould be possible io fit most histor;calexamples into one orolher of them. The numbers given are of course onlysuggesiions, and could for example be halved (or doubledl)depending on the number of figures available. Relativeslrengths are intended to produce a rough balance betweenthe different forces, but ihis depends on a lot ofother factors(such as the tenain), and so cannot be guaranteed.

    In this period Europeans came to tropical Afiia not somuch as conquerors as explorers. whether private orgovemment-backd. Some ofthem had a genuine (ifusuallynisguided) inlerest in helping the Africans, by spreading"civilisation" or suppfessing the slave trade. For others. themotive was scientific curiosity, career advancmeni, or thedesire to get rich. They would not usually launchunDrovoked altacks on native forces. but would insist ongoing whereve. they l;ked, and would be inclined to takedrastic action if this was disputed. Somedmes they *ould

  • 32 figures:

    Native CbiefdomSome East African peoples rlere either already highlyorganised under lraditional rulers - like the Buganda oflakeVictoria - or organised themselves in response to outsideinfluences - like the Nyamwezi in Tanzania, who made so

    53

    12 - 24 Askaris. (Any may beBaluchis. Up to 4 Askarifigures may be EIite.)

    0 - 12 Native Musketeers-0-4 Native Archers.8 - 20 Native Spearmen.

    inrcrvene in local disputes. Brilish expeditions, in panicular,might be under instructions to attack slavers. Some explorersmanaged to avoid onflict with the natives, while others -Sianle) and Peters being among the worst examples - foughttheir \\,ay rulhlessly througb anything resembling opposition.Expeditions could vary greatly in size, but for our purposes a"typical" force looks like this:

    l6 figures: I - 3 Europeans.6 - 12 Askaris. (Up to l/l may

    be EIile.)0 - 8 Native Musketeen or

    0-8 Nat ive Speamen.

    3 ofthe above figures are ofiicers. At least I ofrhem mustbe European. Up to 2 nay be Elite Askaris.

    During the l9th century, Arab expeditions penetmred EastAftica fiom two different directions. The Zanibaris - heirsto the Omani expansion doun th coasr which had replacedthe Porluguese - came from the east coast, while Egypliansand Sudanese moved down from the north. The latter wereoften rellrred 10 as "Turks", because they came from areasrvh;ch had once been under the control of the OttomanSullans. The Zanzibaris had a bad reputation as slale-raiders, although most oftheir victims were ;n fact capruredfor ihem by native all;es. They also engaged in morelegitimate trade, especially in ivory. The "Turks were evenmore rapacious, as they rvere mainly interested in seizingrecruits for lhe Egyptian army, and caried no goods forpeaceful trading. However, they seldom penetnted furthersoulh than the north of wbat is now Uganda. In theiroperations ;n the Sudan (both East and West) rhey oftenrelied on avalry. but horses were unsuiled to the tserse-flyinfested regions of East and Central Afric4 and so are notcatered lbr in these rules. Arab factions often foughr not onlynative peoples, but also each otber. They were also alvarious limes allies and enemies of various Europeanexpeditions. A notional force ofthis type will consist oi

    fair numbers of firearms, and often managed to look afterthemselves quile well. This force rcpresents botb thetradilional chiefdoms, and the nore ephemeral regimes ofmen like Mirambo aDd Nyungu. The "askaris", particularlyin the latter type of fbrce, *ould include the colourtul"Ruga-Ruga" irregulars, whose discipline sometimes leftsomething to be desired, but who were full-tirne soldirswith good weapon-handling skills:

    44 figures:

    much profitfiom theiremploymentas porte.s that

    could afford

    8 - 16 Aska|js.8 - 16 Nalive Musketeers.0 - l0 Native Arhers.8 - 16 Nati.\re Spearmen. (Up ro

    l/4 may b WaniorSpearmen.)

    Tribal FarmersMany Africans - especially those far ftom the coast - stilllived in small faming communities, Iargely isolated fiomthe great trading roules, and so cut otr from a supply ofmodem weapons. In reality they seldom managed ro rcsist

    4 Askari figures (ofany sub-type) are ofiicers.

    5 Askari figures are ofiicen.

  • European or Arab incursions, but for the sake of gamebalance we will give them a large enough force to sland a

    6,1figures:

    PAINTING GUIDE:EXPLORERSEarly European explorers tended to wear clolhes of a cutand colour popular at home, or a specially made. oftenidiosynratic, travelling costume. Later a white or palekhaki "uniform" *'ith a tropical helmet or wide-brimmed hatbecame the norm. Some ofthe more famous explorers wereassociated with a particular costume:

    Livingstone - a red smock and a biue peaked cap with agold band.Baker - a loose smock and trousers. dyed in natural shades.with a peaked cap with neckflap.

    0 - 16 Native Musketeers.0-24 Native Archers. (Up 10

    I2 figurs may bePysmies.)

    32 - 64 Native Spearmen. (Up tol/4 may be WaJriorSpearmen.)

    0-4 Nat ive Archers.60 - 64 Native Spearmen. (Up to

    l/2 may be AgileSpearmen, l/5 to i/4 areWarrior Spearmen.)

    6 figures (not Pygmies) are ofiiers.Tribal HerdsmnSome African societies in the drier savannah regionsrejectedfarming, and lived mainly or exclusivelv from the productsoftheir cattle. They lended to be very warlike, conseNative.and convinced of their own superiority over both farmersand hunters. In some cases they instituted a vinual reign oflenor over their neighbours. though in others therlationship was more peaceful. The most famous examplefrom East Afiica is the Masai, but similar herdsmendominated much of th southem Sudan. The Ngoni. whomigraied into East AFica llom the sourh eafly ;n tbe l9thcentury and brought sith ihem a military system derivedliom that of the Zulus. may also be placed in this caregory.A popular pastime among the wariors of lhese iribs w?ssleal;ng catlle, from ihe famers or each orher. (According toMasai legend, all the cattle in the world orig;nally belongedto lhem, although some had been temporarilymisappropriated by lesser poples. I1 rvas obviously awarrior's duly to help return them to the fold.) They foughrvery ellbctivel] against other traditional Africans. bur theirrash courage. and their tendency to dspise guns ,rndskirm;shing tactics, made them tenibl) \ulnerable lo Nodernfirearms.

    64 fisures:

    Speke - Iight brc$'n trcusers, a greenishrlith many pockets, and acheck shirt.Stanley - a frogged

    .iacket and curiousdevisins, in a pale shade ofkhaki.

    hat of his o\\.n

    6 Warrior Spearman figures are officers.

    Tribal HuntersBy the l9lh century, ihis ancient lifestyle survived only in afew isolated pockets, which were 1oo dry or too denselyfbrested for agriculture. Thus hunters were seldom rroubledmuch by davers, being too few and too elusive to be worthchasing. Most - though not all , of the specialisr hunrerswere pygqries living in the rainforests of the Congo. Thist-vpe of force will be quite efective in thick cover, butperhaps less useful elsewhere:

    48 figures ifPygmies;60 ifnol:

    All or none may be Pygmies. If Pygmy, all couni as PygmyNative Archers. lf not, up to 24 figures may be NaliveSpearmen. and the ren srandard Nali\e Archel:.

    5 figures are ofilcers ifPygmies.6 ifnot.

    Flags - expeditions starting in Zanzibar usually canied theSultan's plain rcd flag. and often a national flag1oo.

    ASKARISSkin - could vat" from yello$ish bronze to dark bro\ln.Askaris would not wear warpaint, although some wouldhave tribal scars.

    Loincloths - most commonly olT-white cotton, sometimesdyed yello$.bro$'n, indigo (all shades from blue-black tofaded denim) or white *'ith a nanor,! reddish border. Othermore colourful fabrics included blue with a broad red stripe,dark blue with a red oryellorv border mulri-coloured checksand sometimes plain red. In pradice these best clotbesuould be kepl lbr special occasions. and eleryda) loinclothssould be ragged and srained.

    Waistcoats - blue or red in imilation ol lhe Zanzibar;s.

    Coats and Shirts - if wom at all, could represent arudimentary unifom eg the white coats with red or bluecuffs and a natching l' square between the shoulders wornby lmperial British East Africa Company troops in 1890.

    Htts - either fezzes and caps, in red or while. or turbans,usually while.

    BEARERSDressed more poorly than askaris in plain fabrics or animalskins.

    ZANZIBARI ARABSSkir - vaied, liom oliv to dark broun. with the number oftseneralions a famil) had been senled in l-asl Africa.Gown - a long shirl with tull-length sleeves. Originally thiswas a dull yelloq but by the 1870s was usDally white. i1sbrightness increasing with status. At the waist there wasusually a sash, often $,hite although any colour could beused. A shorter shirl, in a slriped or pattemed fabric. wassomelimes lvorn over the go*n.

    Waistcoats and Jackets - dark blue or red zouave style rvithcontrasting edging and decorarion.

    Overm.ntles - in dark blue or red, wom by leaders.

  • Hats - whirc fezzes or turbans. Wahhier Arabs often usedmulticoloured. striped silks fof their turbans.

    Flags - a blood-red flag \las rhe sign of a camvan rromZanzibar. although the conringents of individual leaderscanied their o\n f lap5. lhe.e were probabt) s impt(\enicdlor ho.r /onlal \ l r ipe) in blue. red and $hi le. r l lhoughpattemed fabrics may have been used.

    RUGA-RUGAClolhing - a mixture ol askari, Zanzibari and tribal stytes.Red cloaks \re sometims wom. Oliicers lvore Zanzibari,style rvhite gorvns witb red or blue coars.

    Hats - large rDdans rvith feathers. feathered tribalheaddresses and probably ttzzes.

    O.naments - hung rvith chams. lors ofivory bangtes, b.assor copper lvire around wrists and ankles.

    CENTRAL AFRICAN TRIBESSkin - from light ro very dark brown, jairly uniform with;n aparticularrribe

    Loincloths - animal skins, bark clorh (pale red-brown) andlater imporred cloth.

    Hair and Headgerr, huge \arier] ofhairsryles. \,rhich {ereolien the dislinguishing featrre ofa tribe. Feathers coutd befixed in hair - ostrich feathers (long \hite and short black) inEasl Africa, and panot feathe.s (long crimson ano shortgrey) in the Congo basin. Feathers could also be attached toanimal skin or baskelwork caps.

    55Warprint - not ahvays used. but uhen ir was red and whitewere the usual colours. Patlems usually involved paintingparts oflhe bod] ;n solid colours (eg white ams and tegs orrcd upper body). Somerimes rhe enrire body could bepa;n.ed, half red and half white. A tribe might use acommon sl)le, bul would nol be painted absolutelyuniformly.

    Shilds - ;n East Africa, $hen used. $re round or oval andmade ofhide. They \

    re often unpainted. ahhough at leastone tribe painied rheirs half red and hatf black. Anycombinarion of red. $h < and black i ! pos5ibte. In theddmper a'ongo qhere hide $as una\ai ldbte or qoutd rol loofast, shields rv.re made ofbasketwork or light lvood. Bothtypes De. commonlv pa;nred black, either plain or $;thgeomelric pattems left in lhe narural cane colour Shields$ere held by a central hand-grip.

    Ski/hrish Rr.lesin Pafi Tta,o ....

    an.l Campoign System to lolloro

    B i . " r | . t r n , s . . l r b s 1 6 . ' i c t qTbey bccoDc fticnds ,idi i.tr qho kerr rhcm radt

  • ffi.&''s ,*oo*^=srAFRtcA -partrwo -+-- ' ,l t#il:t"l t slt*lpyl*SAMTNG cENTMLAFRTcA rN rHE LArE NrNEreeNrfl ceuroev - ^ jl 'df\eNrnceuroev:

    , jl ,{Dt$izri. n vv,eE

    I.OI*" THE TABLE TOP RULES.i)92f by tQf,,|ffls PEER$.1fu,;Yr

    rxi-iner-iicitiill6.- .- --.""--- j - "cd 9U) - ( f i uypqp tseeens . lY ' . . q \ . .b,;{ iL &*r--,:*;^3tre;F,Rl.+?,-Rw;31#w*-*-- .- .d' CIl y;,& $ k . T t e

    s$pffi trH'N # .uX*fi)# ,ffgt! 1K q"'tn'* *f76 eY{,*Sm . . l";;;:;:,i;'";:;,;.::,'. ffi ffi\ ' { lhe or iprnal rules $cre designed , is , i con\enrional st i rmish ca5e. lhe e\acr ba.e size, are nor cr i r ical There i , nor much (, ; , i , .'b{e: game. and.o f igure. are assumed ro be indi ! idur l ly brsed poinl $on}ing aboul rh( r im< and ground .c.r le(.

  • f r t d W=f j [F # \ *P-sid#-rss r#d{$fir,T*^,:ra .r&*sc kl;***'#**28-"f'-; #ffi*'"ftffi:furFAwFb S. d"##64 -ffp&1't{'i'.iiltr-il$ ttom AcWRlT to 20. Xepi an.! Shell JacAet ,tr:4R tn E- 'f::'r&O'ffi*s&eEgF.trffitii I *:;';;t2",:*,"," 1i:;::i :*-*,"*''

    ":':.." ^ ":::;'"* *"*:': En"e'd ,e!{*8F I"^7';J;1X,,,","

    +*,$IFr- -traeAw.tr=& =fr,$:$yr< Jr3 qg:T", sY 'T:'Eg'3 wt4g4F')w' "*m-L.).{.l{

    1'^fe ! ' ^ - .Fn , iJ . - r - r Bbrdns"^uk .qa ra 'GJ'^\ k"Pr 4 "d BtuL n'-zitrC!--.al-. D(,* sh"" rncrrt' r^1'

    , r3'- h 1 Dy* {" r ,x.Asux qq\,$wd ve,tu,u Vv^tr \vcJ k ,d r t ro s . ' r ! r 'o . f tm/ ! wu L ' .

  • ff:l$-{.,1((5_ visible enemy. eyrend up ro l wirhin loliase coler so rnar a trgurc wirtrln )SYdit''< - Altempl lo rcload a weapon. l'ofrheedgeol a parch olfore.r. for example. can see and jr'
  • &$reiStusKr;?).-L3 H"na-ro-Hrna co,nurr. 4roo-(arryonunaffecreo *i5s.ffi \"SiPe ys'*H":'?:r".::riieorha,,s,renp,h , -t,$ffi E l)ffi '!frlr+#;:]Hi{*,''"ihr'".'i"",*S- Own force is currentl) belo$ halfsrrenglh -2 ..^Srr^^ ) .\As: - - Non-Europeans lesling for ambush by hgmies -) ;^

    .$*' r;-'t r; : -'\ -.\l) - -:-=

    eB; *ilsffi\ .=;@i.q'--=: THE CAMPACA

    ."ffiffi:*oxffiffio"-kw il,ffi%mj,..('J;( Occurs "hen ta5es louch. hahing dn arracker'\ move. Iflwo The accompanying campaign map depicls an imagina4 Y-? |Q-tY i:ll:' lcl': "":: l!:::1"'T!''''r" f cti: lgT 'h' "'.pJlTlt ":5:l L':*lr

    -:t:ljl".c-t:l1o '':;,!: :"1.,i lt $Y]6,\i( "ir'i..r'ii*. giving rhe orher a free hir. \o more Ihan rwo Africa. lr will be apparenr ihar rhe pame is nor inrenaea to il6.

    B|r$1. opponens ma1 fishr a figure in Lhe.ame move. be rdi(en loo .eriousl]. buL ir does rr) ro rcpresent rhe son ot i2;q3!-$\

    di. Iach fighling figure rolls a D6. adding or subtracring rhe perils shich real-lite ej\peditions mighr have encounlered. :.1i:)r , , fu1< hand-lo-hand modi l le| l g i \en in rhe end column o[ lhe Thes].remisdesignedlocarerfor4ro6playe$.Thel lnr4 lV,,S if rhe) do nor wish ro. fhe finr eypediuon Lo reacn Lne 'ir1

    ,)'q)}tsa P":Sf":t.-- lasr srdee of ir, route. dt Lhe Lop ot rhe map. is rhe sinner of ()W)Yi$.^ panic Tesi.$W cEI lasr siage of ir, route. at Lhe Lop ol the map. is the s;** "i i$-rhe campaisn. YsG:f9'sV-XfU) n-g"'.'t ldke seveml dalsro wearofl. Remain hre unlil As if att this wasn'l enough, there are four other Ji,5,!4U*}" { you lhrow d I or 2 on your mo\ emrnr dice maior obstacles n,hich all Darties must cross: 'rri.$') '2'Yu Fields or Hemp: The rdbe rhal planred this crop has run om rl" rr iU, The..N\ika.. is a *are.tess. uninhabired S)vj-t$ll$ at your approach. Your Ruga-Ruga bod)suards ha\easood urtdemess which qrercies for hurdred. of miter oara et ro ..;Nv,i 9ji ..*. and chir our ror i coupre of days. rhus ronined. ,r,. r*i,ir.i.", ."".i. i-.,iJi",n*r*l , *.'" i."r .l e.t"