Waste management planning

In EU and in Finland

Johanna Laaksonen

Center for Sustainable Consumption and Production

Management of Waste and Effluents

SYKE Finnish Environment Institute

Russian – Finnish Workshop on Best available technologies in Waste

Management

23.11.2017 Moscow

Waste hierarcy the cornerstone of Waste

Management Planning

Prevention

Preparing for re-use

Recycling

Other recovery

Disposal

• Using less material in design and

manufacture.

• Keeping products for longer; re-use.

• Using less hazardous material.

• Checking, cleaning, repairing, refurbishing,

repairs, whole items or spare parts.

• Turning waste into a new subrance or

product.

• Including composting if it meets quality

protocols

• Including anaerobic digestion, incineration

with energy recovery, gasification and

pyrolysis which porduce energy (fuels, heat

and power) and materials from waste; some

backfilling operations.

• Safe Landfilling and incineration without

energy recovery.

● Prevention: The production and harmful impact of waste should

be reduced and wherever possible prevented at source.

● The Polluter Pays: The producers of wastes take responsibility

for the costs of waste management.

● Producer Responsibility: Manufacturers and importers of certain

product types must bear the responsibility for the management of

their products when they become waste, instead of waste

producers.

● The Precautionary Principle: Potential risks related to waste and

waste management should be anticipated.

● The Proximity Principle: Waste should be disposed of near to

their source.

● The Self-sufficiency Principle: The EU and its member states

should remain self-sufficient with regard to the disposal of waste.

● The key principles have been adopted in the Finnish waste

legislation. 3

The Key Principles of Waste Management

● The Ministry of the Environment Finnish waste legislation

● Regional State Administrative Agencies issue environmental permits for

major waste treatment facilities, such as landfills, waste incineration plants,

hazardous waste treatment sites and large-scale waste recovery or final

treatment plants.

● Centres for economic development, transport and the

environment (ELY centers) guide and monitor the waste management in

municipalities. The centres monitor compliance with environmental permits

and prepare regional waste management plans. They also register

professional waste carriers and transporters in the waste management

database.

● The Centre for economic development, transport and the

environment for Pirkanmaa supervices producer responsibility

● The Finnish Environment Institute monitors international waste

shipments

● Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes) supervises compliance

with product requirements

● Municipalities the management of domestic waste 4

Waste management authorities and duties

Why do we need waste management

plans (WMPs)?

5

● Waste management

organisations

● Evaluation of waste

policies

● Awareness campaigns /

Information

● Contaminated waste

disposal sites

● Economic and

investement requirements

● Waste prevention

programmes (WPP)

● Overview of all waste

generated (streams, types,

sources, import, export)

● Treatment (collection,

separation, recycling,

disposal, capacities)

● Important tool to

implement policies and

targets

● Forecasting the future –

capacity needs etc.

Main purpose

Optional

General considerations and background

Status

Planning

Implementation

6

Planning process and public consultaiton

Consultation

Consultation

Consultation

Plan revision

Planning process – General

considerations and background

7

● Assumptions

● Planning period

● Boundaries

● Scope

● Public participation!

○ Who and how?

● Time frame

● Work plans

● Relationship with other

plans

● Waste management

principles according to EU

● Geographical coverage

Scope

8

● Geographical coverage

○ National

○ Regional

○ Local

● Waste streams

○ Total waste

○ Municipal waste

○ Hazardous waste

○ Packaging waste

○ Biodegradable municipal waste

(BMW)

○ Other?

● Sectors

● Time horizon

Planning process – Status

9

● Data and information

○ Current situation: collection,

treatment in physical and

financial and organisational

terms

● Analysis

● Evaluation of the system

○ Problems

○ Possible solutions

● Questions to be answered:

○ Does the current system

comply with the objectives

that are set and may be

expected in the future?

○ If not, how can the system

be improved?

10

● Producers of waste

● Waste collection and

treatment enterprises

● Waste collection schemes

which are responsible for

specific waste streams

● Regional and local

administrators

● Permission authorities

● Other Ministries

● Co-operation with

Statistical Bureaus

Collecting data and information

Waste incineration plants t/a

Co-incineration plants t/a

Financing

11

● Ensuring continuous

development

● Different methods

● Collection fee

● Transportation fee

● Operation by private

enterprises or public

enterprices

● Taxes

€

Planning process – Planning

12

● Based on

○ EU and national

legislation

○ Status and assumptions

for projecting future

developments

● Determination of political

objectives

● Developing indicators

● Evaluation of meeting the

objectives the most effectively

● Choosing

○ Measures

○ Instruments

● Waste Framework Directive (WFD) 2008/98/EC and other

directives

● EU legislation sets up the main targest for WMPs

13

Requirements and Structure

Planning

14

● Fututer political objectives,

including targets and

indicators

● Changes needed to

improve the current

system’s environmental,

healt and safety

performance

● Changes needed in

relation tot he waste

system’s capacity and

physical performance

● Changes needed to

improve the system’s

efficiency and

organisational framework

Source: WMP Guidance note

Planning process – Consultation process

15

● Public participation and

consultation

○ Can happen in different parts

of the process

● General public

● Stakeholders:

○ Political parties

○ Industrial organisations

○ Consumers

○ Environmental organisations

○ NGOs

○ Etc.

Planning process – Implementation

16

● Adopting the plan

● Orientations put into

practise

○ Legislation &

regulation

○ Negotiations

○ Information sharing

Regulatory instruments

Market-based instruments

Information-based instruments

Voluntary agreements

17

Possible measures for implementation

Planning process – Revision

18

● Results of the previous

plan are analysed

● Which objectives have

been met?

● Which activities were not

implemented or did not

have the desired effect?

● Did any of the initiatives

have an unexpected

impact on other sectors?

● Strategic plan for waste prevention and waste management

● Will be valid from 2017 until 2023

● A broad-based advisory group set by The ministry of

Environment has guided the work

● Working team in the MoE and Finnish Environment Institute

is responsible for preparation

19

Upcoming National Waste Plan

1. State of art in waste prevention and waste management

○ Published in March 2017

2. Strategic plan – Aims and measures

○ Ready for hearing summer 2017

3. Environmental impact assesment

○ Ready for hearing summer 2017

● Release of the proposal for the new waste plan 30.5.2017

● Government accepts the plan after hearing and revision

20

Parts of Upcoming National waste plan

and time table 2017

● Waste management is part of the Finnish Circular Economy

● Material efficient production and consumption save natural

resources and create jobs.

● Waste generation has declined from present and recycling

has increased to a new level.

● Recycling markets are functioning well.

● Also critical raw materials emerging with low content are

recovered from secondary raw materials

● Wastes containing hazardous substances are safely

removed from the cycle and less hazardous substances are

used in the production

● There is competent research and development activity in

the waste field and the know-how and awareness of citizens

and enterprises are on high level.

21

Vision for waste management in 2030

22

Focus areas

1. Construction

waste

2. Biodegradable

waste and

circulation of

nutriens

4. Municipal

solid waste

3. WEEE

Hazardous Waste Prevention in Finland

23

New waste plan 2017 - 2023

● 4 focus waste streams

● Waste prevention programme is included in the

waste plan

● Overall goal of waste management is to increase

the intake of hazardous materials from material

cycles and to diminish the amount of hazardous

materials in production processes

● WEEE and Construction and demolition waste

National waste plan and

National waste prevention programme

● EU’s web page for Waste Management Plannig

○ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/plans/

● Preparing a Waste Management Plan, A methodological guidance note,

European Commission, 2012

○ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/plans/pdf/2012_guidance_note.

pdf

● Waste Management in Finland

○ http://www.ymparisto.fi/en-

US/Consumption_and_production/Waste_and_waste_managemen t

● Background report for new Waste Managment Plan (in Finnish, summary

in English)

○ http://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/79699/SY_03_

2017.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

● Towards a recycling society

National waste plan until 2016 (In finnish, summary in english)

○ https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/38363/SY_32_2008.pd

f?sequence

24

Sources and links

Questions?

25

Johanna Laaksonen

Coordinator

National Waste Management Plan

Finnish Environment Institute SYKE

Mobile: +358 295 251 878

E-mail: johanna.laaksonen@ymparisto.fi

http://www.syke.fi/en-US

Finnish Environment Institute

SYKE

” We provide information, skills and services

crucial to achieving sustainable development

in Finland and globally. ”