in focused deterrence initiatives - jrsa - home · january 24, 2018. dr. tracey rizzuto . associate...

Using Social Network Analysisin Focused Deterrence Initiatives

Presented toJustice Research and Statistics Association

January 24, 2018

Dr. Tracey RizzutoAssociate Director

School of Human Resource Education and Workforce Development

• Actors (e.g., a group or gang members)

• Ties (e.g., involvement in a common criminal incident)

Note: Role (offender/victim) not often differentiated.

Social Networks & Criminal Webs

Linkage Vs. Social Network Maps

OJJDP Community Violence

Unfunded – 2011Funded- 2012

2012-BRAVE Project Director

-Consult D. Kennedy, NNSC

-LSU Research Partner

- Exxon-Mobile Industrial Partner

-Chief Fealey, Officer Training

-1st Community Engagement Meeting

-Service Provider Network formed

-Living Faith press conference

-Univ. of Cincinnati training

2013-OJJDP grant expansion

-Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation (BCJI) awarded

- City of Milwaukee training

2014-NNSC training

-Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN) expansion

-”Cops & Clergy” training

2015-IDP training-Crime Strategies Unit (CSU) introduced

New Form

New Norm

2016-18-Community building & relationship formation-Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) - Youth Gun Accident Prevention & Wellness Promotion

Baton Rouge Area Violence Elimination (BRAVE)

Focused Deterrence“Pulling levers”

Show that the cost of crime outweighs the benefits. (Zimring & Hawkins, 1973)

• Identify the primary crime and target offenders.

• Communicate these messages:o You are targeted by the initiative.

Here’s why…o Levers are in place. They are…o Community imperative:

Crime must stop!

• “Pull levers” that:o sanction target offenders and their groupso offer preventative services/resources

• Convene an interagency team.

Focused Deterrenceaided by Social Network Analysis


1. Identify the primary crime and target offenders

2. Communicate these messagesYou are targeted by the initiative. Here’s why…Levers are in place. They are…Community imperative: Crime must stop!

3. “Pull levers” that:sanction target offenders and their groupsservice

4. Convene an interagency team.

SNA Terms & ConceptsNetworks are comprised of…

(2) Types of Actors:Egos (focal actors) who are connected to Alters by one or more types of interdependencies (ties).• E.g., friendship, kinship, common incidents,

financial or information exchange, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.

Criminal incident links people to an event, place and/or time.

Social Network Analysis (SNA)= • Analytics about the network of actors linked to incidents• Graphic depiction of the network of actors linked to incidents

Me

Spouse

Friend

Co-worker

Super-visor

Whole (“Complete”) Networks• For defined populations.

Rare in crime mapping.

• Contains information about o actual and potential ties

• Snow ball samplingo “Who else do you know in this

gang?”

• Inclusive population censuso Historical records

Joe Bonanno

Carmen Celante

Lucky Luciano Francisco

Costiglia

Giuseppe Profaci

• More common in crime mapping• Ties from egos (targets) to their alters.

E.g.1, John is a group-member with 6 criminal associates

Note: Ties are UNDIRECTED.

Ego NetworksE.g., 1

E.g.2, John is a group-member who sells narcotics to 6 criminal associates

Note: Ties can be DIRECTED to illustrate flow of resources.

Ego NetworksE.g., 2

E.g.3, Ego can also be a target group with 6 criminal incidents

Ego NetworksE.g., 3

Focused Deterrenceaided by Social Network Analysis


1. Identify the primary crime and target offenders

2. Communicate these messagesYou are targeted by the initiative. Here’s why…Levers are in place. They are…Community imperative: Crime must stop!

3. “Pull levers” that:sanction target offenders and their groupsservice

4. Convene an interagency team.

The NeedThe MethodThe Proof

Among the Top 25 “Most Dangerous Cities”

in the U.S.- Business Insider, 2012

60% Group Member Involved

1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof

What are the groups?Who are the members?

1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup Audit

The Proof

Who is committing violence?Is it gang-related?Are these people

operating as a group?

1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup AuditSocial network analysis of associates, potential members, and conflicts/collaborations

The Proof

Blocks = people linked by violenceDirected Line=violent offense against someoneColor=group member

Insight:• Potential members• Potential informants


The Proof

Blocks = people linked by violenceDirected Line=violent offense against someoneColor=group member

Insight:• Potential members• Potential informants• Potential new groups/clusters


The Proof

Insight:• Which groups are active

(or are about to be)

Conflict/Collaboration

1. Identify Target OffendersEvaluative Uses

1. Increases/Decreases in group-related violence over time

2. Increases/Decreases in group-on-group violence over time

3. Coupled with GIS, increases/decreases in group activity in target areas


2. Communicate Message

• Aiding Call-ins and Custom Notifications


Differences in…• Violence• Influence• Power

Group NetworkCircle = OffenderLine = Violent incident

3

2

2

1





3

2

2

1

3 3

2

2

2

1

1





3

2

2

1

Influencer





3

2

2

1

Mastrobuoni, G. & Patacchini, E. (2012). Organized Crime Networks. Review of Network Economics, 11 (3)

Power

2. Communicate MessageThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof

3. Communicate & Pull LeversEvaluative Uses

• Track pre-to-post declines in criminal activity among Call-in participants


Evaluative Uses• Track pre-to-post declines in criminal activity

among the associates of Call-in participants


3. Communicate & Pull Levers

4. Convene a TeamThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof

Complex social problems require multi-sector collaboration (Kania & Kramer, 2011).


4. Convene a Team

4. Convene a TeamThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof


4. Convene a Team

Rizzuto, Brown & Singh (under review)

4. Convene a Team

Evaluative Uses• A picture says a 1000

words!

• Metrics to tracko Growth in ties

(collaborations) per partner over time

o Growth in average ties (collaborations) across the initiative

o Collaborative density over time


2014

2016

Social Media* o Facebooko Instagramo Youtubeo Snapchat*with caution

Where to find networks?

Jerrika Harvey Nicosha Henry

Jebria LeeAshlee AugustusTyja Dixon

Keiara Lee Miracle Green

Dantonio Lee

Chelsea DixonTyesha FollinsZhane JenkinsTerriqua Jones

Dimecia WilliamsMikiara Williams

Khalilah Jenkins

Tundra Applewhite

Derita Gray

Taylin Johnson

Coriel Jenkins

Kenosha Gray

Ebony WilliamsJaquinta Brady

Frank Hooks

Heather Domino

Legend

KA

KA & Social Media

Social Media

Archiveso Criminal incident

reportso National

Integrated Ballistics Information System (NIBIN)

o Jailhouse call data

Jerrika Harvey

Nicosha Henry

Jebria Lee

Ashlee Augustus

Tyja Dixon

Keiara Lee

Miracle Green

Dantonio Lee

Chelsea Dixon

Tyesha Follins

Zhane Jenkins

Terriqua Jones

Dimecia Williams

Mikiara Williams

Khalilah Jenkins

Tundra Applewhite

Derita Gray

Taylin Johnson

Coriel Jenkins

Kenosha Gray

Ebony Williams

Jaquinta Brady

Frank Hooks

Heather Domino

Legend

KA

KA & Social Media

Social Media

THANK YOU!Dr. Tracey Rizzuto

School of Human Resource Education and Workforce Development

[email protected]

37

Slide Number 1Social Networks & Criminal WebsSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Focused Deterrence�“Pulling levers”Focused Deterrence�aided by Social Network AnalysisSNA Terms & ConceptsWhole (“Complete”) NetworksEgo Networks�E.g., 1Slide Number 14Ego Networks�E.g., 3Focused Deterrence�aided by Social Network AnalysisSlide Number 171. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders2. Communicate MessageSlide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 273. Communicate & Pull LeversSlide Number 294. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a TeamWhere to find networks?THANK YOU!

in focused deterrence initiatives - jrsa - home · january 24, 2018. dr. tracey rizzuto . associate...

Documents