in meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. meiosis allows for differences in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei.
Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics.
![Page 2: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Interphase similar to mitosis.chromosomes are replicated chromatidssubsequent phases differ
![Page 3: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Prophase I
![Page 4: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Members of homologous pair do not have identical DNAOne from each parent
![Page 5: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Crossing overoccurs early in Prophase Igenetic recombinationan average of 1-3 “crossovers” per pair
![Page 7: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Metaphase I
Pairs are not arranged maternal vs. paternal
![Page 9: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
independent assortment
![Page 10: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Anaphase IIn humans, there are roughly 8 million possible combinations per gamete.When gametes fuse, that’s about 64 trillion combinations.
![Page 11: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Meiosis II
![Page 12: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CancerNeoplasms (tumors)
benign or malignantMalignancy (cancer)
fast growingnot encapsulatedcan metastasize
![Page 17: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Loss of Cell Cycle Control
![Page 18: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Growth factors (and their receptors)
Mechanisms (11.18-21)
![Page 19: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Oncogenes1. may code for growth factors or their receptors
HER-2, ras called proto-oncogenes when they function normally
![Page 20: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Loss of “Brakes”
![Page 21: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tumor suppressor genesp53
![Page 22: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Carcinogenschemicalsradiation virusesare mutagens
![Page 25: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Viruses and Cancer
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Hepatitis
Herpes
![Page 26: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fig. 06.
![Page 28: In meiosis, the nucleus divides to form 4 daughter nuclei. Meiosis allows for differences in inherited characteristics](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e8a5503460f94b8f2fa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)