In the election of 1808, James Madison easily beat Charles Cotesworth Pinckney who lost again.

Madison inherited the problem that had plagued the three previous presidents.

These guys!

Unlike Jefferson, Madison could not

bend Congress to his will. As a result, Congress largely

shaped foreign policy without the

President’s input.

An example of this is Macon’s Bill No. 2 which did what?

In 1810 Napoleon hoped to use this law to his own advantage.

He promised to lift French sanctions against U.S. ships.

Under Macon’s Bill No. 2, the U.S. would then restore its own embargo on trade with Britain.

For Napoleon it was win-win. He would theoretically receive American goods, while the U.S. would send nothing to Britain.

Madison hoped that Britain would

respond by lifting their trade

restrictions on American ships thus

solving the entire problem. What did Britain actually do?

As Americans streamed into the Louisiana

Purchase in search of land, Native Americans

once again made an effort to stop them. Led by the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, a

confederacy of various native groups was

forming to push back American settlement.

If that wasn’t bad enough, it soon

became clear that British forces in Canada

were helping Tecumseh by providing

weapons and ammunition. He would be a powerful

British ally if war broke out between Britain and

the United States.

The governor of the Indiana Territory, William Henry

Harrison, took action defeating Tecumseh’s

brother “The Prophet” at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

If Tecumseh wasn’t a British ally before, he certainly was

after this battle.

Harrison would use his role at this engagement later in his life. Anyone know how?

When Harrison, the man who had defeated, him was

elected President in 1840 he supposedly cursed the “Great White Fathers” of

America. "Harrison will die I tell you," the Prophet

reportedly said. "And after him, every Great Chief chosen every 20 years

thereafter will die while in office. And when each one

dies, let everyone remember the death of my

people."

1840: William Henry Harrison1860: Abraham Lincoln1880: James Garfield

1900: William McKinley1920: Warren G. Harding1940: Franklin Roosevelt1960: John F. Kennedy

Died Under “The Curse!”

Ronald Regan was elected in 1980.He was shot in 1981 and came within inches of dying. He survived and the curse was broken.

By 1812, Madison had come to the

conclusion that war with Britain was

unavoidable. He was influenced by three key factors.

1. Britain was equipping Natives on the American

frontier, like Tecumseh and

the Shawnee, for a war.

2. “War Hawks” in his government hoped a war, and a subsequent peace settlement, would lead to American

land in both Canada and Spanish Florida.

John C. Calhoun (SC) Henry Clay (KY)

3. Mostly, Madison moved toward war

to restore confidence in the

republican experiment. Who

can explain?

How did voters respond to Madison’s call for war?

Notice the number of states that had been added to the union by 1812.

By and large, the states of New England were outraged by

Madison’s call for war with Great

Britain. Why was this?

Despite protests from Federalists,

Congress approved a formal declaration

of war against Great Britain in

June of 1812. The strongest support for the war came

from southern and western parts of the

U.S. Why?

After early success in Canada, a British invasion of New York was unsuccessful. Britain turned its attention south and successfully invaded and burned Washington D.C.

At the Battle of Ft. McHenry in Baltimore, Francis Scott Key was

inspired to write the Star Spangled banner.

Andrew Jackson became a national hero at the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815. At this point a peace

treaty had been signed but not approved by the Senate.

Of the war, that is!

In 1812, Russian Tsar Alexander I got involved in pushing

for a peace settlement. Why?

(World History, especially European history, gives us the

answer.)

The treaty was Negotiated in

Belgium and was signed on Dec. 24,

1814 ending the war of 1812. During

negotiations Britain made sweeping

demands for conquered territory in the Great Lakes

region in and modern day Maine.

US diplomats refused these

demands. Facing a renewed

French threat in 1814, Britain

dropped its claims to

land.

What did the treaty do to solve

the issues that led to war in the first place?

What, then, were the results

of the War of 1812?

1. The Death of the Federalist Party

In January 1815, the Federalist

strongholds of New England gathered in Hartford Connecticut

to “discuss their grievances and seek

redress for their wrongs.” What was

their complaint?

At Hartford, the Federalists demanded:

1. Payment from the federal government to compensate for lost trade.

2. A constitutional amendment that would require a 2/3rd vote of Congress before enacting an embargo, admitting a new state to the union, or declaring war.

3. Abolishing the 3/5th Compromise.

4. Limiting a president to one term only and prohibiting successive presidents from the same state.

If their demands were not met, what

did the Federalists in New England

threaten to do?

How did the rest of the nation respond to the Hartford Convention?

As a result, by 1817 the

Federalist Party was, for all intents and

purposes, as dead as its’

founder Alexander

Hamilton. R.I.P.

2. A growing respect for the United States in Europe.

Europe learned that the US would fight to protect its

interests and freedoms. US diplomats were

thus treated with more respect in European cities,

and the desires of the US figured into European foreign policy decisions.

3. A growing sense of nationalism and American pride.

Sectional tension, and party politics began to fade away, even in New England.

4. The emergence of two war heroes that would later become US President.

Andrew Jackson

William Henry

Harrison

5. The growth of American industrial manufacturing.

6. A growing isolation from foreign affairs.

Following the advice of George Washington in his Farewell Address,

the nation hoped to maintain neutrality

and keep itself from any long term

foreign entanglements.

All of these set up the nation for a rapid expansion West and placed it on the path to its’

greatest moment of peril.