in the wake of plessy v . ferguson
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In the wake of Plessy v . Ferguson. Black America in the late 19 th and early 20 th Century. Post-Reconstruction Backlash. Jim Crow segregation laws Exodusters to Kansas “Talented Tenth” move northward (NY, Chicago). Plessy v . Ferguson. “separate but equal”. The Great Migration. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
In the wake ofPlessy v. Ferguson
Black America in the late 19th and early 20th Century
Post-Reconstruction Backlash
Jim Crow segregation laws Exodusters to Kansas “Talented Tenth” move northward (NY,
Chicago)
Plessy v. Ferguson
“separate but equal”
The Great Migration
Movement from rural South to urban North Response to segregation and violence Rise of urban ghettos
Violence in the North
Increased with the Great Migration Spread of the KKK Lynchings
The 1920s – Disillusionment
How to respond to segregation?
Booker T. Washington
Economic equality, social separation (aka The Atlanta Compromise)
Former slave His advice to blacks: be the “most patient, faithful,
law-abiding and unresentful people that the world has seen”
Confidential advisor to Theodore Roosevelt Successes –
1904 – fought against exclusion of blacks from juries
1911 – Supreme Court ruling banning peonage (involuntary servitude for debt)
W.E.B. DuBois Black nationalism and immediate equality Harvard educated Professor of economics, history & sociology at
Atlanta University 1905 – founded the Niagara Movement 1909 – founded the NAACP Editor of The Crisis Pan-Africanist Joined the Communist Party in 1957 and in 1960
renounced his American citizenship and moved to Ghana
Marcus Garvey
Black nationalism Self-pride, self-motivation, self-sufficiency Racial separation – rejected assimilation &
integration Called for whites to leave Africa and for many
Blacks to move to Africa Died without ever going to Africa
UNIA
Encourage commercial & industrial pursuits By the mid 1920s – 700 branches in 38 states The Negro World (Garvey’s paper) Liberty Hall Black Star Line of Ships
Foreshadowing…