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GPAC 2 Everybody Loves Chicken! 4 World Hello Day 5 Darryn Lyons 6 “Let’s Play Pool!” 7 The History of the AFL 8 Cheetham Salt 10 The Story of Cadbury 12 Sir Harry Brookes Allen 14 The World’s Largest War

Memorial 16

Asberger’s Disorder 18 Geelong Botanic Gardens 19 Hi-Lite Park 20 Coca Cola 22 Doctor Who 24 Meerkats 26 Bell Post Hill’s Bell 28 Geelong Streets Word Search 29 Mermaids 30 150 Years Ago 31 Then… & Now 32

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The idea for a performing arts centre in Geelong first began in the 1970’s, although the proposed site already had a number of buildings on it. Construction of the centre commenced in 1978 with the demolition of the Temperance Hall which had originally been built in 1858 as a community hall by Protestant groups

opposed to the drinking of alcohol.

In order to raise funds for the construction of the Geelong Performing Arts Centre (GPAC), corporate sponsorship was sought. A number of Geelong companies pledged funds and had sections of the centre named after them. The main theatre was named after major sponsor Ford; the second theatre was named after Geelong trucking company, Blakistons; the main foyer was named after Shell; and the courtyard named after Alcoa. The centre was officially opened in 1981. Sponsorship continues to support the running of GPAC today.

GPAC is managed by the members of the Geelong Performing Arts Centre Trust. The Trust is comprised by persons nominated by the local council; experienced in the fields of education, business administration, finance or the performing arts; or having an active interest and leadership role in the performing arts.

The Ford Theatre at GPAC recently underwent an extensive makeover thanks to a $3 million grant from Arts Victoria. The theatre re-opened recently as The Playhouse. The inclusion of a dress circle in the design of this 797-seat theatre provides a warm, intimate atmos-phere popular with performers and audiences alike. The fly tower, excellent technical facilities, spacious dressing rooms and green

The new Ford Playhouse Theatre

Front entrance to GPAC

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room area makes the theatre suita-ble for a wide variety of large events. The venue is regularly used for live theatre, major concerts, meetings and product launches. Geelong schools also make good use of this theatre for local events.

The Blakiston Drama Theatre is a studio-style theatre with a capacity of 325. The Drama Theatre is an ideal space for intimate live theatre, acoustic concerts, comedy, public lectures and seminars.

The Costa Hall located at Deakin University is a state of the art, 1500 seat concert auditorium. This grand space now provides Geelong with a

venue able to house large scale concerts, conference meetings and lectures. Only a ten minute stroll from GPAC, The Costa Hall is a perfect venue for entertainment producers and conference organizers.

The Alcoa Studio is a large room primarily used as a dance rehearsal space that is also suitable for weddings, parties, launches and more. The studio has a sprung floor, mirrors, a small stage, an upright piano and 3 phase power.

The Ballet Studio is also a dance studio with a sprung floor, mirrors, ballet bars and an upright piano.

The recently refurbished Foyer connects the Ford Playhouse and the Blakiston Drama Theatre. The open space can accommodate up to 800 people and is equipped with full café and bar facilities.

GPAC:

Address: 50 Little Malop Street

Phone: 5225 1200

The Blakiston Drama Theatre

Deakin University’s Costa Hall

GPAC Foyer

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In Geelong about 400 workers are employed at the Golden Farms chicken pro-cessing plant in Leather Street, Breakwater. The birds are raised on farms around Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula from 1 day old. Here are some common questions about chickens (and eggs):

1. What is "Free Range"? The term “Free-range” means chickens have access to paddocks outside during

the day and are free to roam, scratch and peck. Free Range chickens are herded into their sheds at night for safety.

2. Are Golden Farms Chickens "Free Range"? No. They are free to roam around in substantial poultry houses. All sheds are well ventilated and temperature controlled. Water and food is always available.

3. Are chickens given added hormones? No. They have been banned since the 1960’s. Antibiot-ics may be given if there is a threat of disease, which is

rare. No chickens are processed if antibiotics are in their system.

Spanish Style Chicken Stew Ingredients: 2 tbs olive oil 1 tsp crushed chilli flakes 3 red onions, coarsely chopped salt & pepper to taste 3 cloves garlic, coarsely chopped 2 carrots, peeled & cut into chunks

2x400 cans peeled whole tomatoes 1 potato, peeled & cut into cubes 400g can chickpeas 4 chicken thighs 500ml water 125g Spanish chorizo sausage, (casing 2 tsp paprika removed & thickly sliced) Method Preheat oven to 200C In large saucepan heat oil. Stir in onions and garlic & fry for approx 5 mins until onion softens. Pour in tomatoes, chickpeas & water, add paprika, chilli flakes & season with salt and pepper. Stir in carrots & potatoes, then place chicken thighs skin-side up on top of the vegetables. Bring to boil over high heat, then reduce heat, cover & simmer until the chicken is tender (approx 25mins) Remove chicken from the stew and set aside. Stir in the chorizo slices, then pour the stew into a baking dish. Place chicken thighs on top, skin-side up. Bake in preheated oven for approx. 15 mins until stew thickens and chicken skin is crisp. Recipe by: Betty Boothroyd

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Every year since 1973, November 21 has been World Hello Day. The event was started by Brian and Michael McCormack in response to the conflict between Egypt and Israel known as the Yom Kippur War. Anyone can participate in World Hello Day simply by greeting ten people to demonstrate the importance of personal communication for preserving peace.

Thirty-one winners of the Nobel Peace Prize are among the people who have realized World Hello Day’s value as an instrument for preserving peace and as an occasion that makes it possible for anyone in the world to contribute to the process of creating peace. World Hello Day has been observed by people in over 180 countries. Celebrities who have officially acknowledged World Hello Day as an important step towards promoting and achieving world peace include, Barbara Bush, Jack Nicklaus, Luciano Pavarotti, Mother Teresa, Pope John Paul II, Queen Elizabeth II and The Dalai Lama.

Brian McCormack, a Ph.D. graduate of Arizona State University, and Michael McCormack, a graduate of Harvard University, continue to work together to promote this annual global event.

Hello Bonjour French

Guten Tag German

Ni Hao Chinese

Hola Spanish

Buon Giorno Italian

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Born in Geelong on August 19, 1965 Darryn graduated from Geelong East Technical School, then began work as a professional photographer at the Geelong News and Geelong Advertiser. At the age of 22, he moved to London, where he obtained a job at News of the World after a chance meeting with Rupert Murdoch. Two years later, he left to take a position with the Daily Mail for whom he provided coverage of the Bosnian War.

In 1992, Darryn founded the picture company Big Pictures, which supplies paparazzi style photography for news organizations. He gained widespread media attention when his company sold a photograph to News of the World, which was used to support a claim that soccer star David Beckham was having an affair with his personal assistant Rebecca Loos.

Known for his outlandish clothes and hairstyle, Lyons often appears on radio and television programmes to speak about celebrities and news coverage of them.

Lyons has a number of business ventures around the world, but he has not forgotten his roots in Geelong. Since 2002 he has owned the nightclub “Home House,” located at the bottom of Moorabool Street and styled after the movie set of Moulin Rouge.

Darryn Lyons comments on the role of the paparazzi:

“LET'S get one thing straight. Without the media attention that many celebrities claim to despise, they wilt like neglected begonias. Anyone in the fame game will tell you being famous [has] nothing to do with how good your films are or your singing voice is. It comes down to column inches or Google hits.

[For example, After super-model Naomi Campbell had a very public melt-down on an aeroplane, she] was overheard screaming into her mobile phone: "Make sure the press know." This is just one, hilarious example of celebs tipping off the media and paparazzi.

Sometimes it comes straight from celebs, who will literally call me up and ask me to come to where they are. Other times it comes from a shady source who, I've no doubt, has been told by the celebrity to tip us off.”

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Pool, also known as pocket billiards, is the family of cue sports and games played on a pool table having six receptacles called pockets, along the rails, into which balls are deposited as the main goal of play.

Outside the cue sports industry, pocket billiards is (in the English-speaking world) more commonly referred to as “pool”, due to perhaps an association with poolrooms where gamblers pooled their money to bet off-track on horses. Because these venues often provided billiard tables, the term pool eventually became synonymous with billiards.

Though the original “pool” game was played on a pocket-less carom billiards table, the term later stuck to pocket billiards as it gained in popularity. As the traditional view of billiards as a refined and noble pastime did not blend well with lower-class connotations of gambling, the billiards industry began to distance itself from the term pool begin-ning in the late 19th century.

There are hundreds of pool games. Some of the more well known include eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool and one-pocket. The game snooker is also played on a table with pockets but is considered to be its own cue sport and is governed internation-ally by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association.

Other than the table having pockets, the balls for pool are generally smaller than billiards and range from 57mm in diameter to 60mm in diameter. Modern tables range in size from 1.0m x 2.1m to 1.3m x 2.7m. Modern cues are generally 148cm long for pool.

The World Pool-Billiard Association is the official governing body of the sport. Current number one ranked pool player in the world is 33 year-old Dennis Orcollo from the Philippines.

World No.1 ranked pool player Dennis Orcollo

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In 1857, Tom Wills, one of the founders of Australian Football, returned to Australia after schooling in England where he was the football captain of Rugby School (in the West- Midlands of England) as well as a brilliant cricketer.

Initially, he advocated the winter game of foot-ball as a way of keeping cricketers fit during off-season. The new game was developed by Wills, his cousin H.C.A. Harrison, W.J. Hammersley and J.B. Thompson. The Melbourne Football Club was formed on August 7, 1858 – the year of the code’s first recorded match between Scotch College and Melbourne Grammar School. The game quickly blossomed.

The Geelong Football Club was formed in 1859. By 1866 an updated set of rules had been put in place and fierce competition started. The Victorian Football League was established in 1896 and the following year the League’s first games were played among the foundation clubs – Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne, St Kilda and South Melbourne. Essendon won the inaugural premiership in 1897. No Grand

Final was held, but Essendon was declared the winner after finishing on top after a round-robin finals series held between the top four sides. Geelong was declared the runner-up, after defeating the other two finalists, Collingwood and Melbourne.

In 1908, Richmond and University joined the competition, but after the 1914 season, University left the League. In 1925, Footscray (now the Western Bulldogs), Hawthorn and North Melbourne joined the VFL. This line-up of 12 clubs would remain unchanged until 1987 when the competi-tion expanded to include the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Bears.

By 1997, the competition comprised 16 clubs after Adelaide (in 1991), Fremantle (in 1995), and Port Adelaide (in 1997) joined the now Australian Football League and foundation club Fitzroy merged with the Brisbane Bears to form the Brisbane Lions (after the 1996 season).

This year (2011) the competition was expanded to 17 teams with the inclu-sion of the Gold Coast Suns. Next year, Greater Western Sydney will make the 18th team to join the highest level of Australia’s great game.

Tom Wills

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AFL - The Story So Far: A Chronology 1897 – present day

1897 – 1919 Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne, St Kilda & South Melbourne make up the newly formed VFL. In 1910, the League for the first time officially approves player payments after a bribery scandal is uncovered. Several Carlton players were found guilty of playing poorly for payment during the finals series. These players would initially be given life bans though some were later overturned.

1920 - 1929 Vic Cumberland of St Kilda retires towards the end of the 1920 season as the oldest ever player at 43 years of age. Richmond win’s its first Premiership, defeating Colling-wood in the 1920 Grand Final; they would follow it up in 1921, winning back to back flags.

1930 - 1949 The 19th man rule is first introduced for the 1930 season, allowing clubs to substitute a player in a match In 1930 Collingwood becomes the only club to ever win four succes-sive premierships. Towards the end of the 1939 season World War II erupted in Eu-rope. The competition suffers as Australia sends men off to fight abroad.

1950 - 1969 The decade begins with Essendon sensation John Coleman kicking 100 goals for the second successive season. He becomes the only player to ever kick 100 goals in both his first two seasons of football. In Round 2, 1960, an unusual and rare occurrence leads to a future great tradition—due to torrential rain, the round is postponed. To make up the time, two matches are played for the very first time on Anzac Day while the remainder are played the following Saturday.

1970 - 1979 One of the games most historic and tumultuous decades unfolds with some big chang-es to the way the game is played. In Round 1, 1970, Richmond and Fitzroy meet at the MCG, for the first time playing league football on a Sunday. The Queen attended the match won by Fitzroy.

1980 - 1989 This decade would prove to be arguably the most influential, controversial and challenging decade in the game’s history. Richmond begins the decade thrashing Col-lingwood in the 1980 Grand Final, the first time runners up medallions are presented to the losing team on the ground following the game. This would quickly prove an un-popular practice and only occur once more the following season before ceasing.

1990 - 1999 The decade begins a new era in the game, the Victorian Football League becomes the Australian Football League, acknowledging the national expansion, with clubs now in Sydney, Queensland & Perth, and the league adopts the much more national official name.

2000 - present day The first league season of the new millennium begins three weeks earlier than usual with the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games to begin in early September. The interchange bench is expanded to four players, in response to the speed of the game. Two new interstate clubs (Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney) are added to make it a truly national game.

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Cheetham Salt Limited was founded in Geelong by Richard Cheetham, a manufacturing chemist from Manchester, UK, in 1888. That same year Cheetham began construction of a saltfield on low lying swampy land leased from the Victorian Government, between Limeburners Point and Point Henry. After the initial clearing of land, the production of salt commenced in 1894.

In 1903, the company changed its name to The Cheetham Salt Proprietary Limited. Demand for Cheetham Salt products was such that further land was purchased between Laverton and Point Cook. Construction of a refinery was completed at Laverton in 1940 to produce food and industrial grades of salt. In 1950, some land at Avalon was purchased and other land was leased for the construction of an additional saltfield around Corio Bay. The Lara saltfield produced its first harvest of 500 tonnes in 1954.

Cheetham Salt currently operate nine solar salt fields and five refineries throughout Australia with the capacity to produce 1.4 million tonnes annually. Their fields and facilities can supply solar salt (salt obtained by evaporating seawater) for every need, ranging from table salt to entire ship loads of industrial salt. Cheetham Salt Limited is Australia’s largest producer and refiner of solar salt.

The Cheetham Salt Pans in Geelong in 1927

The Cheetham Saltworks in Moolap is spread over an area of approximately 500 hectares. The majority of the site consists of an interconnected series of evaporation and crystalliser pans. An extensive basalt sea wall provides controlled inflow and outflow of salt water via a sluice system, operating in tandem with a series of pumps.

The administration/workshop area of the property consists of a cluster of red brick and corrugated iron constructions, some of which date to the 1920’s. Associated with the site is a domestic residence, built in 1900 for the manager, and a 1920’s brick memorial hall and library.

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Uses for Salt: Food – Salt is essential to all human and animal life. About 17.5% of world-wide salt production is used in food. It is one of the oldest, most common food seasonings as well as being used for food preservation. It can be prepared for consumption in a number of different ways:

Table salt: This is the common salt normally found on every table. It is a

fine-ground, refined rock salt with some additives to keep it free-flowing. Smaller particles mean more particles per measure and more surface area than coarser grinds. Therefore, use about half the amount if you are substituting for coarse salt.

Coarse salt: Coarse refers to the grind. The jagged edges and large

crystals make this a good choice for sprinkling on pretzels or corn-on-the-cob because the edges tend to cling and the salt does not readily melt.

Iodized salt: Salt which has iodine (sodium iodide) added. Iodine is a

mineral necessary to the body to prevent hypothyroidism. Some countries actually require that iodine be added to salt by law.

Rock salt: Less refined and greyish in colour, this is the chunky crystal salt

used in ice cream machines. This type is generally not used as an edible flavouring mixed into foods, but in cooking methods such as to bake potatoes or to encrust or embed meat, seafood or poultry for baking. When using rock salt for cooking, be sure it is food-grade. Some rock salt sold for ice cream machines is not suitable for cooking.

Pickling salt: This fine-grained salt has no additives and is generally used

in brines to pickle foods. Unlike table salt, the lack of additives will help keep the pickling liquid from clouding.

Popcorn salt: This super-fine grind (think of the texture of confectioners

sugar) of salt is generally coloured yellowish-orange and is used on pop-corn for both colour and flavouring.

Other Uses for Salt: Industrial – Salt is needed in many industrial applications, whether it is used in water softening or used as a raw material in chemical production. Industrial salt is specially manufactured to suit water treatment applications. Pools – Pool salt helps to ensure water clarity for many family pools. Although designed essentially for swimming pools with salt chlorinators, it may also be used in most chlorine treated pools for that natural feel. Stockfeed – Animals require sodium and chloride to survive. Supplementing livestock rations with salt is an essential practice to encourage optimum weight gains, yield and performance. Hides – Salting is the method of protecting hides and skins from spoilage prior to carrying out the remainder steps of the tanning process. Salt curing is widely known in the industry and applications can vary from dry salting to immersing the hide in a brine solution. Pharmaceutical – Salt is vital within the pharmaceutical industry, whether it is used in the production of dialysis solutions, cosmetics or health products. This salt is manufactured under stringent, high purity conditions.

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Early days—A One Man Business

John Cadbury was one of ten children born to Richard Tapper Cadbury, a prominent Quaker who had moved to Birmingham, England from the West Country in 1794.

In 1824, 22-year-old John Cadbury opened his first shop at 93 Bull Street, next to his father's drapery and silk business in the then fashionable part of Birmingham. Apart from selling tea and coffee, John Cadbury sold hops, mustard and a new sideline - cocoa and drinking chocolate, which he prepared using a mortar and pestle.

Cocoa and drinking chocolate had been introduced into England in the 1650s but remained a luxury enjoyed by the elite of English society. Customers at Cadbury's shop were amongst the most prosperous Birmingham families, being the only ones who could afford the delicacy. Cocoa beans were imported from South and Central America, as well as the West Indies.

Experimenting with his mortar and pestle, John Cadbury produced a range of cocoa and chocolate drinks, the latter with added sugar. The products were sold in blocks: customers scraped a little off into a cup or saucepan and added hot milk or water. Cadbury enhanced his business with a considerable flair for advertising and promotion.

"John Cadbury is desirous of introducing to particular notice 'Cocoa Nibs', prepared by himself, an article affording a most nutritious beverage for breakfast," announced his first advertisement in the Birmingham Gazette in March 1824.

In 1831 Cadbury rented a small factory in Crooked Lane not far from his shop. He became a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, laying the foundation for the Cadbury chocolate business. These early cocoa and drinking chocolates were balanced with potato starch and sago flour to counter the high cocoa butter content, while other ingredients were added to provide health properties.

By 1842, John Cadbury was selling sixteen lines of drinking chocolate and cocoa in cake and powder forms.

In 1905, Cadbury launched its Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk than previous

chocolate bars. By 1913 it became the company's best selling product.

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Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham As the enterprise prospered, in 1847 John Cadbury rent-ed a larger factory in Bridge Street, off Broad Street, in the centre of Birmingham and went into partnership with his brother Benjamin - trading as Cadbury Brothers of Bir-mingham.

The retail side of the business in Bull Street was passed to a nephew, Richard Barrow in 1849. Barrow Stores, as it became known traded in Birmingham until the 1960s.

A major turning point for the cocoa and chocolate industry came in the mid-1850s, when taxes on imported cocoa beans were reduced by Prime Minister William Gladstone. The previously prohibitive chocolate products were now

within the reach of the wider population. Cadbury Brothers received their first Royal Warrant on February 4, 1854 as “manufacturers of cocoa and chocolate to Queen Victoria.” The company continues to hold royal warrants of appointment.

During the late 1850s business began to decline. The partnership between the first Cadbury brothers was dissolved in 1860, a difficult time in the company's history. John Cadbury's sons Richard and George, who had joined the company in the 1850s, became the

second Cadbury brothers to run the business when their father retired due to failing health in 1861. John Cadbury devoted the rest of his life to civic and social work in Birmingham until his death in 1889.

Although they had worked in their father's business for some years, the prospects for Richard. 25, and George, 21, were daunting. Their first five years were a period of unremitting toil with few customers, long hours and very frugal living. Both seriously considered taking up other vocations—Richard as a surveyor in England and George as a tea planter in India.

George was focused on manufacturing, and Richard with sales, but in the early days both brothers went out and promoted their goods. Due to their dedication, sheer hard work and improvements in the quality of Cadbury cocoa products, the business survived and prospered.

Which is your favourite type of Cadbury chocolate?

John Cadbury

$50 Billion worth of chocolate is consumed worldwide each year.

Cadbury’s shop in Birmingham in 1824

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Sir Harry

Brookes Allen

Harry Brookes Allen was born on June 13, 1854 at Corio Terrace, Geelong, the second son of Thomas Watts Allen, a boot-maker, and his wife Esther Elizabeth, (nee Odell). He was educated at Flinders School, Geelong, and in 1869-70 went to Melbourne Church of England Grammar School where he showed unusual brilliance. He had already passed the examination for the Civil Service of Victoria when he was only 12 years old.

In 1871, at age 16 he entered the medical course at the University of Melbourne where he topped the class every year. When he graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine (MB) in 1876 it was with first-class honours. From there he went on to complete a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as a Bachelor of Surgery (BS).

At 25 years of age he became the Editor of the Australian Medical Journal which he continued with until his duties as Professor of Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy and Pathology at the University of Melbourne became more time consuming. He was an excellent pathologist and an able teach-er who adopted a highly practical approach to the teaching of his subject, essentially based on post-mortem examinations and study of the speci-mens so obtained.

His excellent administrative skills were sought by bodies outside the university, particularly the government. In 1883-84 he was a member of the Central Board of Health and the Board of Inquiry on tuberculosis in cattle. He was chairman from 1888 of the Royal Commission on the sanitary state of Melbourne. This produced three reports which all condemned, in the strongest language, the scandalous state of Melbourne’s sanitary arrangements, and led to the Public Health Act of 1889, the Mansergh report and the introduction of the water-borne sewage system used in Victoria today.

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In 1907 he became the first president of the combined Medical Society of Victoria and the Victorian Branch of the British Medical Association.

Tall and bearded, with a commanding, almost domineering presence, Allen appeared aloof, even gruff, to his students. This aloofness masked an inherent shyness. He had a deep interest in the students and kept notes on their later careers, particularly those who enlisted in World War I. In 1914 he was awarded the Knight Bachelor in the New Years honours, the same year the medical school celebrated its jubilee.

It was, however, his quite outstanding administrative ability which placed him before the medical and lay public and gave him a unique position in medical politics.

In 1923 Sir Harry fell ill, and though he recovered temporarily, a serious cerebral haemorrhage (stroke) so incapacitated him that he was obliged to give up his chair. He died in Melbourne on March 28, 1926 aged 71, survived by his wife, Ada, and three daughters.

The Harry Brookes Allen Museum of Anatomy and Pathology

Sir Harry Brookes Allen was appointed Professor of Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy and Pathology in 1882. In being appointed to this position his chief aim was to create “a large and efficient Museum of Anatomy and Pathology in the Medical School.” In his lifetime he built up a remarkable museum in his department containing some 15,000 specimens, most of which he mounted and described himself.

Over the following 120 years or so, however, the museum became separated into collections which were directly associated with the two departments (Anatomy and Pathology). However, in 2004 the museum collections were amalgamated again under one roof. On display are samples of anatomy and histology of the organs or systems alongside examples of var-ious pathologies, together with the corresponding radiology.

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The making of the Great Ocean Road is a story of resolve and conquest over adversity, and a triumph of great Aussie spirit and mateship!!!!!!!!

The Great Ocean Road is a 243 kilometre (151 mile) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Austral-ia between Torquay and Warrnambool. The road was built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and is the world’s largest war memorial; dedicated to the casualties of World War 1. Winding along the coast, it is now one of the most important tourist attractions in Victoria, in addition to providing access to many coastal towns and several prominent landmarks, including the famous Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations. Before World War 1, the rugged south-west coast of Victoria was accessible only by sea or rough bush track,

and travel between the coastal settlements was far from pleasant. For example, in the 1870’s a trip from Lorne to Geelong was long and arduous via a rough coach track through dense bush to the railway at Winchelsea. A coastal road would change all that, not only connecting isolated settlements on the coast, but also becoming a vital transport link for the growing timber industry. Early plans Plans for a coastal road emerged in the 1880’s but only gained impetus towards the end of the First World War. The Chairman of the Country Roads Board, Mr. W. Calder, contacted the State War Council with a proposal that funds be provided for repatriation and re-employment of returned soldiers on roads in sparsely populated areas. He submitted a plan he called ‘The South Coast Road’ which suggested a road starting at Barwon Heads, following the coast around Cape Otway and ending near Warrnambool. Making it a reality It was Geelong mayor, Alderman Howard Hitchcock,* who brought the plans to fruition. He formed the Great Ocean Road Trust and set about raising the money

*Hitchcock died of heart disease on August 22, 1932, three months before the road was completed in November that same year. However his car was driven behind the governor’s in the procession during the opening ceremony. He is still affectionately considered the Father of the Road. Howard Hitchcock’s life story appeared in the June 2011 edition of Jillong Pocket.

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to finance the project. He also saw it not only as a way of employing returned soldiers but of creating a lasting monument to those who had died in the war. Construction effort Over 13 years approximately 3,000 returned service-men worked on the massive project. Construction on the road began on September 19, 1919. An advance survey team progressed through dense wilderness at approximately 3 kilometres a month. Construction was done by hand; using explosives, pick and shovel, wheel barrows, and some small machinery. Work was at times perilous, with several men killed on the job. Anecdotal evidence from ABC archives suggested

workers would rest detonators on their knees during travel, as it was the softest ride for them. Despite the difficulty involved in constructing the road, the workers had access to a piano, gramophone, games, newspapers and magazines at the camps. Additionally, in 1924, the steamboat Casino became stranded near Cape Patton after hitting a reef, forcing it to jettison 500 barrels of beer and 120 cases of spir-its. The workers obtained the cargo, resulting in an unscheduled two week long drinking break. The first stage linking Lorne and Eastern View was completed in early 1922. Finally, on November 26, 1932 the entire route was officially opened by the Lieutenant Governor, Sir William Irvine. A procession of 40 cars drove the length of the road with schoolchildren lining parts of the route. In 1962 the road was deemed by the Tourist Development Authority to be one of the world’s great scenic roads. Have you driven the entire length?

The 12 Apostles Their proximity to one another has made the site a popular tourist attraction. Originally the site was called the “Sow and Piglets.” Muttonbird Island near Loch Ard Gorge was the ‘Sow’ and the smaller rock stacks the ‘Piglets.’ The name was changed in the 1950s to the more majestic "The Twelve Apostles" to lure more visitors, even though there were only nine left.

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Asperger’s is not a curse—it is just a difference, and a difference that

can be worked around. With help, your loved one CAN still be a happy,

stable, calm, successful and productive person—BUT FIRST YOU NEED

TO RECOGNIZE THE SIGNS. Does your loved one display these warning

signs of Asperger’s syndrome?

Social awkwardness/ no friends

Obsessions / focused on one subject

Lack of eye contact

Sensitivity to noise / touch / feel of clothing

Slow to begin talking

Odd speech / extreme logic / very proper speech

Anger / aggression / hitting others

Craves ROUTINE

Appears lost / in own world

Flapping hands

Communication problems or motor skills problems

Stemming behaviour ( repetitive body movement)

Asperger’s Disorder is a milder variant of Autistic Disorder. The name

“Asperger” comes from Hans Asperger, an Austrian physician who first

described the syndrome in 1944. The disorder was first described as a mild

form of "high-functioning autism" but it took until the mid 1990s for it to be

standardised as a diagnosis. Before that, a person with AS was considered to

be socially awkward or unsociable.

In Asperger’s Disorder, affected individuals are characterized by social

isolation and eccentric behaviour in childhood. There are impairments in two-

sided social interaction and non-verbal communication. Though grammatical,

their speech may sound peculiar due to abnormalities of inflection and a

repetitive pattern. Clumsiness may be prominent both in their articulation and

gross motor behaviour. They usually have a circumscribed area of interest

which usually leaves no space for more age appropriate, common interests.

Some examples are cars, trains, French literature, door knobs, hinges,

cappuccino, meteorology, astronomy or history.

There is no cure or specific treatment for AS. However, social skills training

can be helpful. It all starts with a correct diagnosis from your doctor.

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Tranquil Eastern Park provides the magnificent setting for the Geelong Botanic Gardens, established in 1851. The gardens were set aside as a public space 12 months earlier, but were later isolated to a fenced off area

in the centre of the park.

The Gardens are open daily. Inside, the Temperate Garden provides a beautiful setting for Weddings. The carefully manicured gardens have also become a very popular place for wedding photos amongst the lush and unique plantings. With people wanting to take their own piece home with them ‘Friends of the Geelong Botanic Gardens’ sell plants and cuttings at different times throughout the year to

raise money for the upkeep of the gardens.

Guided walks are also conducted by a trained ‘Friends’ voluntary guide every Wednesday at 10.30am and every Sunday at 2.00pm. Group walks by appointment are

$3.30 per person which also can include refreshments at the Tea-House.

The Friends of the Geelong Botanic Gardens are always looking for volun-teers to assist them with their activities. Could you help out in the tea-room, sell tickets to special events, assist with marketing, or provide first-aid support during functions? If so, please contact the ‘friends’ on Ph: 5222 6053

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Hi-Lite Park was an amusement park in Geelong, located on the corner of Bellarine Street and Ritchie Boulevard, near Eastern Beach where the tram terminus once stood. It opened in 1956 and closed circa. 1985 to make way for the redevelopment of the Eastern Beach precinct. It was a very popular foreshore attraction in Geelong, comparable to Luna Park, Melbourne.

Nothing remains of Hi-Lite Park site today. The circa. 1892 Armitage-Herschell carousel is a new addition to the area. This antique, hand carved, steam driven carousel was restored and relocated next to Cunningham Pier.

Inside the carousel there are paintings telling the story of King Arthur and Cam-elot. The painting forms branches which hold the canopy like a giant tree. With 36 carved wooden horses and two chariots, it is a colourful reminder of bygone days and still captures the hearts of children and adults alike.

Viewed from the Yarra Street Pier

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In December 2006, a Ferris wheel was temporarily erected in the same area in which Hi-Lite Park once stood. It was imported from Europe and renovated, enlarging the 36 traditional shaped gondola carriages. It is reportedly the largest non-permanent Ferris wheel in the Southern Hemisphere.

The original Ferris Wheel, sometimes also referred to as the Chicago Wheel, opened to the public on June 21, 1893, at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Intended to rival the 324-metre Eiffel Tower, the centrepiece of the 1889 Paris Exposition, it was the Columbian Exposition's largest attraction, with a height of 80 metres.

It was designed and constructed by bridge-builder George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the USA’s oldest Technological Universi-ty. He began his career in the railroad industry and then pursued an interest in bridge building. Ferris understood the growing need for structural steel and founded G.W.G. Ferris & Co. in Pittsburgh, a firm that tested and inspected metals for railroads and bridge builders.

The Chicago wheel rotated on a 72-tonne, 14metre long axle comprising what was at that time the world's largest hollow forging. There were 36 cars, each fitted with 40 revolving chairs and able to accommodate up to 60 people, giving a total capacity of 2,160. The wheel carried some 38,000 passengers daily and took 20 minutes to complete two revolutions, the first involving six stops to allow passengers to exit and enter and the second a nine-minute non-stop rotation, for which the ticket holder paid 50 cents.

The Exposition ended in October 1893. The wheel stopped turning in April 1894 and was dismantled and stored until the following year. It was then rebuilt on Chicago's North Side, near Lincoln Park, an exclusive neighbourhood. This prompted William D. Boyce, then a local resident, to file a Circuit Court action against the owners of the wheel to have it removed, but without success. It operated there from October 1895 until 1903, when it was again dismantled, transported by rail to St. Louis for the 1904 World's Fair and finally destroyed by controlled demolition using dynamite on May 11, 1906.

Hundreds of wheels, based on the original design of George Ferris continue to operate in amusement parks worldwide. The original Chicago Ferris Wheel, built for the

1893 World's Columbian Exposition

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In 1886 while New York Harbour workers were constructing the Statue of

Liberty, 1,300km away, another great American symbol was being unveiled.

Like many people who change history, John Pemberton, an Atlanta

pharmacist, was inspired by simple curiosity. One afternoon, he stirred up a fragrant, caramel-coloured liquid and, when it was done, he carried it a

few doors down to Jacobs' Pharmacy. Here, the mixture was combined with carbonated water and sampled by customers who all agreed—this

new drink was something special.

The first drinks of Coca-Cola could be

purchased from Jacobs' Pharmacy for five cents a glass. Pemberton's bookkeeper,

Frank Robinson, named the mixture “Coca-Cola”, and wrote it out in his

distinct script. To this day, Coca-Cola is written the same way. In the first year,

Pemberton sold just nine glasses of Coca

-Cola a day. A century later, the Coca-Cola Company has produced more than 40 billion litres of syrup.

Unfortunately for Pemberton, he died in 1888 without realizing the

success of the beverage he had created. Over the course of three years, 1888-1891, Atlanta businessman Asa Griggs Candler secured rights to the

business for a total of about $2,300. Candler would later become the Company's first president.

Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894. The

now famous contour Coca-Cola bottle eventually made its debut in 1915.

(Cans of Coke first appeared in 1955.) Not surprisingly, since the product was originally sold from a pharmacy, the medicinal qualities of Coca-Cola

were also promoted. Coke concentrate, or coke syrup, was sold separately in small quantities as an over the counter remedy for nausea or a mildly

upset stomach. The ingredients in the ‘secret formula’ for Coke still create controversy today. (See box: What does Coca-Cola Contain?)

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The Value of Advertising

Coca-Cola advertising has significantly affected American culture, and is used as an example of the

value in advertising a product to the public. The first outdoor wall advertisement was painted in

1894 in Cartersville, Georgia. Soon after,

newspapers and popular magazines contained ads for the product. Coca-Cola relied on images of

smartly dressed young women to sell its beverage. Its first such advertisement appeared in

1895, featuring the young Bostonian actress Hilda Clark as its spokeswoman.

1941 saw the first use of the nickname ‘Coke’ as an

official trademark for the product, with a series of advertisements promot-

ing the catchy new name for Coca-Cola. The battle for the consumer dollar between Coca-Cola and Pepsi has been closely monitored for

decades. Currently Coca-Cola has the edge, not only in the USA but in worldwide sales, but Pepsi is confident of bridging the gap in the

next few years.

Coca-Cola advertising has been pervasive. As a result, it has been said that you can go anywhere in the world and still be able to buy

“the real thing.”

What Does Coca-Cola Contain? Published versions say it contains sugar (or high fructose corn syrup in the USA), caramel colour, caffeine, phosphoric acid, coca extract,

kola nut extract, lime extract, vanilla and glycerine. Because cocaine is naturally present in coca leaves, today's Coca-Cola

uses coca leaves that have been processed to extract the cocaine. The coca leaves are imported from countries like Peru and Bolivia,

and they are treated by chemical company Stepan, which then sells

the de-cocainized residue to Coca-Cola. Some contend that this pro-cess cannot extract all of the cocaine alkaloids at a molecular level,

and so the drink still contains trace amounts of the stimulant. The Coca-Cola Company currently refuses to comment on the continued presence

of coca leaf in Coca-Cola. Coca extract is not listed as an ingredient in Coca-Cola sold in Australia.

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Doctor Who is a British science

fiction television program produced by

the BBC. The program depicts the

adventures of a time-travelling

humanoid alien known as the Doctor,

who explores the universe in a time

machine called the TARDIS. Along

with a series of companions, he faces

a variety of foes while working to save

civilisations, help people and right

wrongs.

Doctor Who is considered by its fans

as the most imaginative sci-fi show

ever created. The Doctor is a self-

imposed exile from a race of powerful beings called Time Lords

from the planet Gallifrey. The Time Lords observe history, but

never interfere with it.

The Doctor found eventually found this all too boring, so he

made off with an older TARDIS and decided to see the Universe

for himself. Wherever he goes, he seems to land smack in the

centre of trouble. Alien invasions, dictatorships, plans to take

over the universe, that type of thing, and frequently he is the

initial prime suspect. Inevitably though, the victims in the plot

begin to trust him, until eventually, usually, he saves the day.

Companions—are the Doctor's closest friends, usually humans.

They know the Doctor's "secret" — That he is over 900 years

old, a non-human who travels in time and space, in a ship called

the TARDIS.

The Doctor Who Club of Geelong first got together in January 2011. Geelong fans of Doctor Who, are welcome to join in and have fun at monthly Doctor Who Club meetings! All members get a club card that gives them 10% off purchases at POPCULTURE, and 15% off at Gifts for the Geek, and at every meeting a chance to win door prizes!

Contact: Judith McGuinness – Administrator Phone: 52788827 or Mobile: 0412947012 Email: trekker1701@optusnet.com.au

or find them on Facebook for more information!

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TARDIS—The Doctor travels through space and time in his TAR-

DIS (Time and Relative Dimensions In Space) The inside of a

TARDIS is much bigger than the outside (dimensionally

transcendental), and it can blend in with its surroundings

through the ships “chameleon circuit”. The Doctors TARDIS

exterior, however, is stuck as a blue Police Public Call Box.

The Doctor also has powerful enemies, the most notable of these

being the Daleks. They are genetically engineered mutants, that

survive within a tank/robot-like mechanical shell. They are a

powerful race bent on universal conquest and domination, utterly

without pity, compassion or remorse. They have had every

emotion removed except hate, leaving them with a desire to

purge the Universe of all non-Dalek life. Their famous

catchphrase is “Exterminate, Exterminate!”

The program originally ran from 1963 to 1989, before being

revised and relaunched in 2005. After more than 700 episodes

the show still has a huge fan base all around the world.

Since 1963 the Doctor has been played by eleven actors. The

transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the

show. The Doctor “regenerates,” taking on a new body with its

own quirks and abilities, but otherwise sharing the conscious-

ness, memories, experience and basic personality of the

previous incarnations.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11

Since 1963 eleven different British actors have played the role of the Doctor. Which is your favourite?

1: William Hartnell 1963-1966

2: Patrick Troughton 1966-1969

3: Jon Pertwee 1970-1974

4: Tom Baker 1974-1981

5: Peter Davison 1981-1984

6: Colin Baker 1984-1986

7: Sylvester McCoy 1987-1989, 1996

8: Paul McGann 1996

9: Christopher Eccleston 2005

10: David Tennant 2005-2010

11: Matt Smith 2010-Present

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Native to Southern Africa, Meerkats are small burrow-ing animals, from the mongoose family who live in

large underground networks with multiple entrances which they leave only during the day. They are very

social animals, living in colonies averaging 20-30

members. Animals in the same group regularly groom each other to strengthen social bonds.

The alpha pair (most dominant couple) often scent-mark a subordinate of

the group to express their authority, usually followed by the subordinates grooming the alphas and licking their faces. This behaviour is also

practiced when group members are reunited after a short period apart.

Most meerkats in a group are all

siblings or offspring of the alpha pair.

Sometimes called Suricates, Meer-

kats often stand on their rear legs and gaze alertly over the southern

African plains. Mothers can even nurse their young while standing.

Females give birth to two to four

young each year in one of the group's burrows. Fathers and sib-

lings help to raise meerkat young, teaching them to play and forage

and alerting them to the ever

present danger from above. Young meerkats are so fearful of predatory

birds that even airplanes will send them diving for cover.

With humans Meerkats have gained

great popularity because of their devotion to others within their

group, and the attention they show

I WANT A MEERKAT FOR A PET!

While they appear to be cuddly, family oriented animals, Meerkats

make very poor pets. They bite, stink, and will scent-mark their

owner and the house (their territo-

ry). Being a pack animal, they may become hysterical if kept as single

pets.

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to each other. For example, one or more meerkats will stand sentry to

warn them of approaching dangers while others forage or play. When a predator is spotted, the meerkat sentry will give a warning bark, and other

members of the gang run and hide in one of the many bolt holes they have spread across their territory. The sentry meerkat is the first to

reappear from the burrow and search for predators, constantly barking to keep the others underground. If there is no threat, the sentry meerkat

stops signalling and the others safely emerge.

Like many species, meerkat young learn

by observing and mimicking adult behaviour. Adults also engage in active

instruction. For example, meerkat adults teach their pups how to eat a venomous

scorpion: they will remove the stinger and help the pup learn how to handle the

creature.

Despite this altruistic behaviour,

meerkats sometimes have been known to kill young members of their group.

Subordinate meerkats may kill the offspring of more senior members in

order to improve their own offspring’s

position.

DID YOU KNOW

A meerkat’s lifespan is 12 years, but can be longer in captivity

An amazing sense of smell helps meerkats locate their prey

In 1/2 day they can dig 400 holes by moving 50 times it’s own body

weight in sand

They appear to be immune to scorpion and snake venom

The black patches around their eyes help to protect against constant

sun glare rather like humans wearing sunglasses

Timon, the animated character in the Disney animated film The Lion

King was a meerkat

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The suburb of Bell Post Hill is thought to get its name from a lookout or warning bell prominently situated on the hill overlooking Corio Bay.

In 1836 the bell was brought to Melbourne from Tasmania, where it had served as a ship’s bell. Later two settlers, Anthony Cowie and David Stead, took the bell with them when they formed Victoria’s second settlement at Geelong.

The bell was originally placed on top of the hill to call shep-herds to collect their rations. It was also used as a warning to the approach of aggressive

tribes of Aborigines. The first recorded use of the bell was in 1837 during a conflict with the local aborigines.

The bell was exhibited for many years at the National Museum Melbourne, before being presented to Morongo Girl’s College, which was situated on top of the very hill on which the original bell was mounted. The school closed in 1994, and is now the site of the Kardinia International College.

Article in The Argus, October 7, 1953

On the weekend of October 3, 1953, Bell Post Hill’s iconic bell owned by the Morongo Girl’s Presbyterian College was stolen. The bell, which had signaled daily assemblies at the school since 1927, was in a small belfry near the main school building. Stout bolts securing the bell shaft had been torn out. The bell was recovered two days later due to an anonymous verse sent to the school.

Bell Post Hill Bell

Legend has it that, in the time between when the bell was no longer used and before it was located at the Melbourne Museum, it was lost until a local fisherman dragged it out of the Moorabool River near Geelong.

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T A I S A R H P A C M B E L B M U H

A W S I Y H A D A P R E S T O N R W

W F D A W S O N K O O M G N H F S H

T R R L N T D P U I O I R O C I R N

R R E N N O C G E O L E S H Y T G G

A N O R V G H E R I N G H A P Z E H

S E S E P A R A T I O N O N A R P L

W R R R M O B T R T N S T U T O H S

A U E E T O L E Y W G M N R R Y I N

N D Y Y O E L L R N O N U I U I L A

S O M L M L E A I D C D C T L E L Y

T U E A E P F D E K E A U H U L T F

O R L B B E D M E R C E R A U A O O

N O T G N I K A P L M M N R M R P C

P O T W G S I L R U Y U E O S I C G

I Y I S O U M O L K O H L T B A O H

M C L N S I E P S K E N E D S L S E

K M O R R I S S N E D R A G G U E K

Geelong Streets Word Search

ABERDEEN

APHRASIA

AUTUMN

BELLERINE

BROUGHAM

CANDOVER

CARR

CHURCH

COLLINS

CONNER

CORIO

DAWSON

DOURO

FENWICK

FITZROY

FORSTER

FYANS

GARDEN

GHERINGHAP

GIDDINGS

GURTRUDE

HIGH

HILLTOP

HOPE

HUMBLE

KILGOUR

LITTLE MALOP

LITTLE MYERS

MALOP

MAUD

MORRIS

MCKILLOP

MERCER

MOORABOOL

MYERS

NOBLE

PACKINGTON

PLUME

PRESTON

RYRIE

SEPARATION

SKENE

SWANSTON

YARRA

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A mermaid is a mythological aquatic creature with a female human head and torso and the tail of a fish. Mermaids have a broad representation in folklore, literature, and popular culture. While made to appear very human, helpful and friendly in popular children's stories, ancient mythology paints a very different picture indeed!

Much like sirens, mermaids are described singing to passersby, in an attempt to enchant them, thereby distracting them from their work and causing them to walk off the deck of their boat or run their ships aground. Other stories depict them squeezing the life out of drowning men while feigning rescue. They are also said to carry humans down to their underwater kingdoms,

drowning them out of spite.

The sirens of Greek mythology are sometimes portrayed in later folklore as mermaid-like. In fact, some languages use the same word for both bird and fish creatures, such as the Maltese word ‘sirena’. Other related types of mythical or legendary creatures are water fairies (e.g. Various water nymphs) and selkies, animals that can transform themselves from seals to humans.

The superstitions of seafaring men are highlighted in a popular Greek legend which turns Alexander the Great’s sister, Thessalonike, into a mermaid after she died. She lived, it was said, in the Aegean, and when she encountered a ship, she asked its sailors only one question: “Is King Alexander alive?” to which the correct answer was: “He lives and reigns and conquers the world.” This answer would please her so she calmed the waters and wished the ships farewell. Any other answer would spur her into a rage. She would raise a terrible storm, with certain doom for the ship and every sailor on board.

Mermaids were noted in British folklore as unlucky omens—both foretelling disaster and provoking it. Several variants of the famous Scottish ballad Sir Patrick Spens depict a mermaid speaking to the doomed ships. In some, she tells them they will never see land again, and in others, she claims they are near shore, which they are wise enough to know meant the same thing.

Allegedly, mermaids could also swim up rivers to freshwater lakes. One day, in a lake near his house, the Laird of Lornite went to aid a woman he thought was drowning. A servant pulled him back, warning that it was a mermaid. The mermaid screamed out “I would have killed you if it were not for your servant.”

Since 1913 this statue of the Little Mermaid has graced Copenhagen

Harbour in Denmark.

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About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre.

Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000

Geelong– 150 years ago this month

“There is a report that some disturbances, which required the

presence of the police, occurred a few days ago at Rokewood, the

particulars of which are these: Gold was found by some parties

digging there, just outside of Mr. Elder’s paddock, which is

private property. Mr. Elder knowing or believing that they were

undermining his land, gave one or two parties permission to

sink inside, and thus to checkmate the outsiders. This led to a

threat to appeal to arms by those outside, as well as to a

number of other parties rushing the paddock without Mr.

Elder’s authority. The whole matter is, I believe, settled,

however, now quietly. A good deal of gold has been obtained in

that locality lately.”

(The Argus: Wednesday, November 6, 1861 p.7)

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c.1866

Courtesy: Geelong Heritage Centre Picture Library

North-west corner of Moorabool Street and Little Malop Street

The picture above was probably taken by photographer Eugen de Balk, whose studio appears on the corner. Born in Prussia in 1838, de Balk moved to Australia in 1857. After a short stint in Sydney he came to Geelong where he married Jane Upton and started his photography business. Sadly he died in 1870, aged 31, leaving behind his wife and 5 young children. The same corner today is occupied by Flight Centre. A few doors down from the corner was ironmonger Richard Parker. His story appears in the in the February 2011 edition of the Jillong Pocket.