INCIDENCEAND

ANALYSISOF MYOPIA

DR. SRINIVAS, MDGOVT. NIZAMIA HOSPITAL / PVRI

HYDERABAD. INDIA

I receive research reimbursement from Pushpagiri Eye Institute.

• MYOPIA IS A COMPLEX MULTI FACTORIAL CIVILIZED OCULAR DISORDER

• INCREASING ITS INCIDENCE RATE THROUGH OUT THE WORLD. HIGH IN USA, JAPAN, ISRAEL, CHINA, TAIWAN, SINGAPORE AND INDIA ALSO JOINING WITH THEM.

• 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN)

• THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENERATION.

• YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEPEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.

• 70 MILLION PEOPLE ARE MYOPES IN USA ONLY AND 30 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AFTER T.V. INVENTION AND SPENDING 3, 4 BILLION. (BEDROSSIN)

• THIRD MAJOR OCULAR DISORDER AFTER MACULAR DEGENARATIION.

• YOUNGER PEOPLE LIKE SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN CLOSE WORK ARE MORE MYOPES.

• IT’S MULTI FACTORIAL VISUAL DISORDER WHICH IS IMMENSE SPECULATIONS AND CONTROVERSIES.

• IT’S THEORIES ARE FANCIFUL & CONTROVERSIES (FRONCOIS J 1982, BEDROSSION 1982)

• RUDIMENTARY (WILSON MR. BAKER RS. 1990)

• ACADEMICIANS ARE NOT CONCENTRATED AS SUCH IT IS NOT ALARMING OR FRIGHTENING NOR REWARDING

• INCREASING OF INCIDENT, ENORMOUS EXPENDITURE, UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA OF THE YOUNG MYOPES ETC., ARE THE MAIN FACTOR TO KNOW MORE ABOUT MYOPIA

MATERIALS AND METHODS

• STUDY CONSISTS OF 30,000 MYOPES• YOUNG AGE RANGE OF 6-20 YEARS• BOTH SEXES• DIOPTIC RANGE BETWEEN –0.75 TO –5.00 D

PARAMETERS• EXTRA OCULAR EXAMINATION • VISUAL EXAMINATION WITH AND WITHOUT GLASSES• SUBJECTIVE CORRECTION• CYCLOPLEGIC REFRACTION• OBJECTIVE CORRECTION• FUNDUS EXAMINATION

• HISTORY, DURATION AND FAMILY HISTORY• LIVING CONDITIONS• DIET PATTERN (VEG, NON VEG)• SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATUS• PHYSICAL STATUS• STUDY HOURS• T.V. VIEWING • COMPUTERS

EXCLUDED

• AMBLYOPIAS

• ASTIGMATISM

• UNIOCULAR MYOPIAS

• CORNEAL LEASIONS, KERATOPATHY AND DYSTROPHIES

OBSERVATIONSEXWISE DISTRIBUTION

SEX NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEMALE 10,000 33.3%FEMALE 20,000 66.6%

DIOPTERS WISE DISTRIBUTION

DIOPTERS NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE-1.00 –1.99 3000 11.5%-2.00 –2.99 10,000 33.3%-3.00 –3.99 8,000 26.6%-4.00 –5.00 9,000 30.00%

FAMILY HISTORYOF USING GLASSES

NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEMOTHERS 5000 16.6%FATHERS 7000 23.3%BOTH PARENTS 8000 26.6%NO PARENTS 10,000 33.3%

SOCIO-ECONOMICAL DISTRIBUTION

GROUP NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGEHIGH INCOME 12,000 40%

MODERATE 10,000 33.3%

LOW INCOME 8,000 26.6%

INVOLVEMENT OF SCHOOL NON-SCHOOL GOERS

TYPE NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGESCHOOL GOING

CHILDREN 20,000 66.6%

NON-SCHOOL

GOERS 10,000 33.3%

DIETITIC PATTERN

TYPE NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEVEGETARIANS 18,000 60%NON-VEGETARIANS 12,000 40%

PHYSICAL APPERANCE (BODY MASS)

TYPE NO. OF CASESPERCENTAGE

GOOD 15,000 50%

MODERATE 8,000 26.6%

POOR 7,000 23.3%

DISTRIBUTION OF NEAR WORK INVOLVMENT

GROUP NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGESTUDY 7000 23.3%STUDY + T VVIEWING 8000 26.6%STUDY + T V + COMPUTERS 15,000 50%

LIVING CONDITIONS

LIVING CONDITION NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGESLUM AREA 6000 20%

MODERATE 9000 30%

HIGHER 15,000 50%

DISTRIBUTION OFURBAN & RURAL

GROUP NO. OF CASES PERCENTAGEURBAN 15000 50%

RURAL 6000 20%

MIGRATED 9000 30%

DISCUSSION• EXTENSIVE EPIDEMILOGICAL• STUDIES CARRIED IN THE WORLD• IT MAY VARY FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY• THEORIES LIKE HERIDITARY AND • ENVIRONMENTAL ARE MORE ACCEPTED

• INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA INCREASING IN

• THE WORLD AND INDIA IS ALSO JOINING

• IN THEM, BECAUSE OF CIVILIZATION,

• INCREASING STANDARD OF LIFE ETC.

FEMALE CHILDREN INCIDENCE IS HIGHER BECAUSE OF THEIR LIMITED EXTRA ACTIVITIES, MORE INVOLVMENT IN STUDIES AND THEORIES HARMONALCHANGES (CHEN. CY. LEE. LIN. LK 1990)

• MORE MYOPIC CASES I.E. 33.3% WHERE

• THEIR PARENTS ARE NOT MYOPES

• INDICATES THE MORE ENVIRONMENTAL.

• SIMILAR OBSERVATIONS MADE BY (CHEN

• (90) PARSSINEN. LYRA (93)

• HIGHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC INVOLVMENT IS

• MORE DUE TO THEIR HIGH STANDARD OF

• LIVING, HIGH COLORIC INTAKING,

• VIEWING T.V., AUDIO VISUAL AND COMPUTER ETC.

• SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE MORE

• MYOPES THAN NON-GOERS MORE AND MORE

• CLOSE WORK LIKE STUDY, T.V. AND

• COMPUTERS WILL ENHANCE THE

• PREVALANCE OF MYOPIA

• VEGETARIANS DIET IS NUTRITIOUS AND ANTOXID, GREAT PEOPLE LIKE PYTHOGOROUS, MILTON, NEWTON, BERNARD SHAW WERE VEGETARIANS

• HIGH INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA SEEN IN GOOD PHYSICAL LOOK. IT IS RELATED BODY DEVELOPMENT ALONG WITH AXIAL LENGTH. YOUNGER GENERATION ARE TALLER THAN OLDER.

• MYOPIA VARIES FROM NATION TO NATION ACCORDING TO THEIR LIFE STYLES, HABITS,

LIVING CONDITIONS, GENETIC FACTORS AND

FOOD PATTERN ETC.