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Inclusive Design

A Good Practice Guide

HousingExecutive

through Home Adaptations

The Regional Strategic Housing Authority

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This Guide was prepared by the Housing Executive’s Design Standards Group and the detailed work was carried out by the following Editorial Team.

Adrian Blythe (Design and Property Services NIHE) Brenda Bohill (Area Welfare NIHE) Jack Cassidy (Housing and Regeneration NIHE) Arthur Houston (Design and Property Services NIHE) Peter Kirkwood (Design and Property Services NIHE) Paraig O`Brien (Occupational Therapy Lecturer, University of Ulster,

seconded to the NIHE/DHSSPS

We also acknowledge the valuable contribution from other Housing Executive personnel. Special thanks go to the following people for their specific contribution to particular topics within the guide.

Joanna Clarke - Senior Occupational Therapist, Disabled Living Centre, Greenpark HPSST

Kimmy El-Dash - IAESTE Student NIHE Ken Ewart – Universal Accessibility Consultant George Heaney – University of Ulster Michael Hevrin - RIBAHeverin - RIBA Billy McAllister- Universal Accessibility Consultant Brendan McKeever- Family Information Group

In addition the following people and organisations have also given their support and assistance to the project.

The Community Occupational Therapy Managers Forum (NI) Department for Social Development Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety Health and Personal Social Services Boards and Trusts Isherwood and Ellis University of Ulster

We also wish to thank the numerous Statutory, Community and Voluntary Organisations who contributed to the consultation process.

This document is available in alternative formats.

Contact: Adrian Blythe

Project Manager Design & Support Services

Northern Ireland Housing Executive 2 Adelaide Street

Belfast BT2 8PB

Tel: 028 9031 8320 email: [email protected]

www.nihe.gov.uk

CCOONNTTEENNTTSS

Glossary Of Terms 6

About this Guide: 9

Chapter 1 The Principles of Successful Adaptations 13

Chapter 2 Pathways to Adapting Your Home 21

Chapter 3 The Family View of Disability 29

Chapter 4 The Role of the Occupational Therapist 35

Chapter 5 Researching and Selecting Equipment 43

Chapter 6 The Role of Key Housing Personnel in the Northern Ireland Housing Executive and Housing Associations 53

Chapter 7 The Role of the Designer 65

Chapter 8 The Role of the Contractor 71

Chapter 9 Selected Design Solutions 77

Chapter 10 Legislation 125

Chapter 11 Sources of Further Information 131

Bibliography 141

Appendix 1 & 2 147

5

Glossary of Terms

Glossary of Terms

Assistive Technology Device – any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customised, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. ”Smart” technologies such as home automation, help lines and other forms of communication are considered as such devices.

Access – access to and use of facilities and egress except in case of emergencies.

Effective Clear Width – available width measured at 900 to the plane of the doorway for passage through a door opening, clear of all obstructions, such as handles and weather boards on the face of a hinged door, when such a door is opened through 900 or more, or when a sliding or folding door is opened to its fullest extent.

Flight – ramp or a continuous series of steps between landings.

Going – horizontal distance between two consecutive nosings of a step, measured on the walk line or the horizontal distance between the start and finish of a flight or a ramp.

Handrail – component of stairs, steps or ramps that provides guidance and support at hand level.

Iluminance – amount of light falling on a surface, measured in lumens per square meter (lum/m2) or lux (lx).

Improvement Scheme – improvement work to NIHE purpose-built dwellings to current standards so as to ensure that these dwellings have a potential life of 30 years.

In-Curtilage – a term used to describe a space within the house boundaries normally used for car parking. It can also be referred to as a hardstand.

Landing – platform or part of a floor structure at the end of a flight or ramp, or to give access to a lift.

6

Glossary of Terms

Luminance – brightness or light intensity of a surface, measured in candelas per square metre.

Nosing – projecting front edge of a tread or landing that may be rounded, chamfered or otherwise shaped.

Platform Lift – lift with a platform and low walls and which travel vertically between two levels and is intended for use standing up or seated on a chair or wheelchair.

Practical Completion – the completion of all the work to a satisfactory standard to allow the safe and functional occupation of the building by the client.

Principal Entrance – entrance to a building which a visitor would normally expect to approach.

Ramp – construction, in the form of an inclined plane 1:20 or steeper from the horizontal or a series of such planes and an intermediate landing or intermediate landings that make it possible to pass from one level to another.

Rise – vertical distance between the upper horizontal surfaces of two consecutive treads, or of a landing and the next tread above or below it, or of a flight between two consecutive landings.

Riser – vertical component of a step between tread or landing or the tread or landing above or below it.

Schedule of Rates – the schedule of rates or prices, together with any amendment or supplements, named in the Contract.

Schedule of Works – a schedule is a list of work to be carried out which has been agreed by the Occupational Therapist and the Grants Office and which will be grant aided.

Stair Clear Width – unobstructed minimum distance on plan perpendicular to the walking line of the stair.

Stair Lift – lift that travels from one level to another along a line parallel with the pitch line of the stair.

7

Glossary of Terms

Tactile Paving – profiled paving surface providing guidance or warning to blind and partially sighted people.

Tendered Percentage Adjustment – the schedule of rates shall be adjusted by the percentage tendered by the contractor.

Test of Resources (means test) – an assessment of your income, which is used to calculate whether you will be expected to pay for some of the adaptation work.

Tread – horizontal component of a step.

Wheelchair Stair Lift – stair lift with a horizontal platform which accommodates a wheelchair user.

Unisex – facility designed for use by either sex with or without assistance by people of the same or opposite sex.

8

About this Guide

About this Guide

In 1995 The Northern Ireland Housing Executive published an excellent guide called Designing for People with Disabilities. This publication gave comprehensive guidance on the types of adaptations available and the processes involved in providing them.

Since then, the impact of Community Care on housing design has become more apparent. Many more people who need high levels of assistance now live in their own homes, instead of moving into nursing homes. Supplementary design guidance therefore needs to be developed to meet the needs of assisted wheelchair users and their carers

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations introduced in 1992 resulted in more scrutiny of the ergonomics of home design in promoting safety for carers and people with disabilities. A range of new lifting and handling equipment has been introduced into home settings, which now impacts on housing standards.

”Smart” technologies such as home automation, help lines and other forms of communication have evolved to address the needs of vulnerable people in their own homes. The full potential of technology in supporting care in home settings needs further research and evaluation. Early pilots have recently commenced in N. Ireland.

Universal design is influencing new build housing design, through the use of selected design features such as level access and wider doorways to all new dwellings. These features make it easier for people with disabilities to visit neighbours and this promotes social inclusion.

An inclusive approach to community needs also raises awareness about how housing design can meet the requirements of people with visual or hearing impairments, mental health or learning difficulties, as well as people with restricted mobility.

There have been substantial developments in access standards for new build housing. Lifetime Homes have been implemented

9

About this Guide

since1998, applying to social rented property followed by The Building Regulations Part R, introduced in April 2001 for all new dwellings. The Building Regulations legislate for basic access standards in dwellings. A new British Standard publication BS 8300 Code of Practice for the Design of Buildings and Approaches to Meet the Needs of Disabled People in 2002. This study has been underpinned by substantial research on the needs of disabled people and strengthens the evidence base for access standards.

There is now a considerable amount of published design guidance available. This raises the question, “What is best design practice”? It is difficult to define what is best practice as it will constantly change, driven by new technology, social change, legislation and advances in treatment and care.

This guide will outline current good practice by developing the minimalist legislative baseline as outlined in the Building Regulations Part R (2001). BS 8300 and guidance from other sources will influence it. Please note that BS 8300 identifies a number of areas that requires supplementary research. Therefore when using this Guide, one needs to bear these limitations in mind. When designing for children with disabilities, the use of fixtures and fittings should make provision for height adjustment. Consideration of space standards should also reflect growth through to adulthood. In a recent JRF study by Beresford and Oldman (2002) on the housing needs of disabled children, the most frequently reported problems were the lack of space: space for play, for privacy, for equipment use and storage, and for carrying out therapies. More research is required into these findings regarding any design implications. Recognising these research limitations, we offer additional design guidance in Chapter 9. The authors and dates of these other design publications are identified at the bottom of the Design Data Sheets with the full reference provided in the bibliography.

Although this Guide seeks to offer guidance for sensory impairment, it is acknowledged that more underpinning research is required to develop this area further. More development work is also required in the role of environmental design in managing challenging behaviour.

10

About this Guide

This guide is the product of close collaboration between professionals in Housing Agencies and Health & Social Services Trusts. Service user participation has formed an integral part of this publication.

Much has been learned by Housing Providers and Health and Social Services about the adaptation of housing to meet the needs of people with disabilities, since the development of adaptations services in the 1970s. It is anticipated that there will be considerable development in housing design in future years, particularly in the area of home automation, communications and employment. Therefore we would welcome ongoing feedback regarding the use of this guide and to help with future revisions.

In parallel with technological developments, the co-ordination and understanding of the teamwork required in providing housing adaptations as quickly and effectively as possible is steadily improving. To assist this development the roles of the various participants in housing adaptations have been included, along with a step by step guide to some of the main processes encountered. In addition to this guidance there will be a continued need for customised adaptations to meet people’s varying circumstances.

It is envisaged that this publication will rationalise the adaptation process by providing a point of reference for;

� People with disabilities, their families and carers � Northern Ireland Housing Executive administrative and technical

staff � Housing associations � Private landlords � Health and Social Services personnel including Occupational

Therapists � Private consultants and contractors � Product suppliers � Students

Yellow boxes represent good practice points

Green boxes represent check lists

Blue boxes represent general Information

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1. THE PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATIONS

13

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Standarised Versus Customised Design

Solutions

1.3 Developing A Brief

1.4 Communications during the Design

Process

1.5 Accurate Specification and

Implementation of The Design Brief

1.6 Efficiency and Effectiveness

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Chapter 1 The Principles of Successful Adaptations


1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Adaptation design requires more time and expertise than usual to ensure that the design will meet the particular needs of the user (and often a carer).

Key design criteria

x be functional x be affordable x look good x in keeping with

current design practice

1.1.2 Consideration must be given to designing adaptations which create a homely atmosphere for the user.

1.2 Standardised Versus Customised Design Solutions

1.2.1 Due to the wide range of disabling conditions, social circumstances and house types, there are potentially a large number of design solutions.

1.2.2 In practice, efficiency is achieved where standardised design specifications can be used. These standardised specifications can be valuable but must be tailored to often highly specialised individual requirements.

Principles of Good Adaptation Design

x incorporates the views of the user and other family members (A User Centred Design approach)

x fully inclusive communication involving the disabled person, occupational therapist, designer, and housing providers

x give clear specification to meet the needs of the user x promote independence, privacy and safety through good

environmental design x offer options through innovative design, within financial

constraints x efficiency and effectiveness – the design should have a

positive outcome for the user and be achieved rapidly and cost effectively.

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1.3 Developing A Brief

1.3.1 Where Occupational Therapy assessment indicates need for essential housing adaptations, a recommendation is made to the housing provider. This recommendation may be in the form of a specification identifying the requirements of the disabled person and where appropriate the carer. The recommendation should consider user needs and preferences, functional requirements, psychological and social aspects of care.

1.3.2 Where standardised design guidance does not offer an effective solution, the person with a disability, the occupational therapist, housing provider, equipment supplier and designer must work closely together to develop a customised brief.

1.3.3 The brief will consider the activities being undertaken in various parts of the home, the equipment and care required, safe lifting and handling techniques and use of other furnishings. This analysis is undertaken primarily by the Occupational Therapist in consultation with the person with the disability and the carer. The housing provider may offer advice on alternative solutions (e.g. re-housing).

1.3.4 Where specialised equipment is needed, more detailed consultation is required between the Occupational Therapist, designer and suppliers to determine space requirements.

1.3.5 Once the space requirements have been determined, consideration will be given to comfort, light, heating and acoustics. Advice from Occupational Therapists, Specialist Social Workers or Rehabilitation Officers may be required if the client has a sensory impairment.

1.3.6 The relationship of various activity areas inside and outside the home require particular attention as this will determine privacy, social integration, ease of supervision and a sense of security.

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1.3.7 The social aspects of the brief are extremely significant as it is often more important to live in a location where valued social contacts exist, rather than having a perfectly designed home.

1.3.8 On occasions, the needs of the disabled person and carer can vary. Although the needs of the disabled person are normally paramount, the wishes of others should be considered. The loss of other family living space when accommodating the needs of the disabled person should be minimised.

1.4 Communications during the Design Process

1.4.1 As people with disabilities may have difficulty communicating their needs to the designer, alternative means of communication must be explored e.g. drawing, pointer boards, electronic communicators, interpreters, and other forms of sign language. Occupational Therapists, speech and language therapists, interpreters and others should be involved in facilitating communications with the designer.

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1.4.2 Joint visits to the client’s home or meetings in other locations will be required at key decision making stages.

Critical stages to ensure a satisfactory outcome

x post Occupational Therapy assessment – developing the brief, discussing and clarifying performance requirements and any technical constraints

x identifying the range of design solutions possible within constraints

x checking plans. x itemising fittings and fixtures and clarifying their location and

design. x the Contractor should accurately implement the specification. x final home visit to check satisfactory completion from both

technical and user perspectives and recommending remedial action if problems are identified

1.5 Accurate Specification and Implementation of The Design Brief

1.5.1 An Occupational Therapy recommendation should identify clearly the essential attributes of the facility for the disabled person and/or carer. For example: the shower controls should be reachable from a seated position, or a carer to reach and operate in a standing position.

1.5.2 The technical specification should be translated into performance terms when it is being discussed with the user. For example when discussing ramp design with a wheelchair user it is useful to talk about how gentle the slope will be to allow independent, safe and convenient movement up the ramp surface.

1.5.3 The importance of adhering to specifications accurately in relation to space requirements and the location of fixtures cannot be overemphasised. Accurate identification and implementation of specifications will involve everyone in the design process including the builder.

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1.6 Efficiency and Effectiveness

1.6.1 Effective and timely communications as described above will enhance the speed of decision-making and the overall time to design and implement the adaptation. Early and detailed joint discussion of the plans by the Housing Provider, client, designer, Occupational Therapist and on occasions Building Control may also be involved. This can often save considerable time and expense at later stages.

1.6.2 When the adaptation has been completed, it is important to evaluate its success in technical and user terms. In this way a quality improvement cycle can be established and the results should influence future adaptation design and implementation. Good design practice in housing adaptations for people with disabilities requires close teamwork across several agencies. The user must be central to this process and a full participant in key design decisions.

Measures of success

x improved independence in daily living activities x enhanced level of safety x maintaining links with family, friends and neighbours x improved sense of security x reduction of physical effort by carers x enhanced privacy and dignity.

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2. PATHWAYS TO ADAPTING YOUR HOME

21

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Key Stages for Major Adaptations

including Lifts in NIHE Properties

2.3 Key Stages for Major Adaptations in

Housing Association Properties

2.4 Key Stages for Heating Improvements

for People who are Disabled

(NIHE Properties)

2.5 Key Stages in The Disabled Facilities

Grant Process (Privately Owned

Property)

2.6 Key Stages in the Health and Social

Services Trust Provision of Lifts in

Privately Owned Property

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Chapter 2 Pathways to Adapting Your Home

Chapter 2 Pathways To Adapting Your Home

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Key Stages are provided to help you understand how major housing adaptations are provided depending on your home ownership.

1) Major Housing Adaptation in NIHE properties

2) Major Housing Adaptation in Housing Association properties

3) Heating Improvements for people who are elderly or disabled in NIHE properties

4) The Disabled Facilities Grant (DFG)

5) Health and Social Services Trust provision of lifts

2.1.2 For minor works in privately owned properties contact either your local NIHE Grants Office in the first instance. Health and Personal Social Services Trusts may provide some small urgent minor works. Contact your local Trust for details. For minor works information in the public sector see Chapter 6 paragraph 3 Housing Executive (Public Sector Minor Adaptations)

2.1.3To complement these key stages, two comprehensive step by step guides have been produced for major adaptations titled “Adapting Your Own Home” - A Step by Step Guide for People with Disabilities (NIHE, 2002)

1. A Guide for Major Adaptations in Private Sector Housing

2. A Guide for Major Adaptations in Public Sector Housing

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2.2 Key Stages for Major Adaptations including Lifts in NIHE Properties

District office / OT approached regarding difficulties managing everyday activities in the home

OT assessment and recommendation sent to Area Welfare Officer (AWO) where adaptations are

essential

Home visit by designer / AWO / other technical staff

Option appraisal by AWO / housing management regarding housing transfer and other options

considered

Designer draws up sketch plans

Proposals checked by AWO / housing management / OT / client. Decanting arrangements considered if

necessary

Necessary scheme approval, including statutory approval obtained

Appointment of contractor

Practical completion

OT visits where equipment is required to use adaptation

Provision of specified minor works by District Office or referral to Occupational Therapist(OT).

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2.3 Key Stages for Major Adaptations in Housing Association Properties

Housing officer approached regarding difficulties managing everyday activities

OT assesses needs and subsequent recommendation where adaptations are essential

Site visit by clerk of works / designer / housing officer

Option appraisal by housing management e.g.housing transfer and other options considered

Designer draws up sketch proposals

Proposals checked by housing management / OT / client. Decanting arrangements considered if

necessary

Necessary scheme approval, including statutory approval obtained

Contractor appointed

Practical completion – Application for Department for Social Development Grant

Department for Social Development release grant for adaptation

OT visits where equipment is required to use adaptation or where appropriate to check

satisfactory use of facilities.

Referral to Occupational Therapist(OT) or provision of specified minor works

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2.4 Key Stages for Heating Improvements for People who are Disabled (NIHE Properties)

Occupier contacts NIHE District office regarding difficulty managing heating

District office identifies if heating will be changed under other planned schemes. Tenancy confirmed and any application

to purchase home checked

Heating evaluation form sent by District Office to occupier and returned to Area

Welfare Officer (AWO)

AWO determines eligibility and priority

Work is programmed

Necessary approvals including statutory approvals obtained

Contractor installs heating system

Joint inspection by NIHE and Contractor to ensure system has been installed

satisfactorily

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2.5 Key Stages in The Disabled Facilities Grant Process (Privately Owned Property)

Receipt of preliminary enquiry form

Initial Eligibility checks - legal title preliminary Test of resources

Referral to Health and Social Services Trust for OT assessment / recommendation

Receipt of Formal Application Documentation

Issue schedule of work (a list of those works to be carried out for grant aid) and ask for sketch plan

where appropriate

Technical inspection of property

Agreement of plans by all parties involved.

Formal test of resources assessment and grant amount determined

Issue of Formal Approval for contractor to start work

Final inspection of work by NIHE and acceptance by OT dept.

If work involves heating only and the house is in

good order refer to the “Warm Homes”

scheme

Payment of grant

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2.6 Key Stages in the Health and Social Services Trust Provision of Lifts in Privately Owned Property

OT assessment of need

Estate Services Department (ESD) undertake technical feasibility

study

Recommendation from OT to ESD Lift performance and accessories

identified by OT

ESD arranges lift purchase from supplier and supervises installation

Lift commissioned – ESD checks technical safety and adherence to

relevant standards

OT confirms that occupier can operate lift

Lift maintenance, repair and safety monitored by ESD

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3. THE FAMILY VIEW OF DISABILITY

29

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Family and the Home

3.3 A Matter of Choice: Aesthetics, Design

and Quality

3.4 Social Issues

30

Chapter 3 The Family View of Disability


3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 This chapter will examine the family perspective on disability. It will explore the issues that are important to many families and consider the factors that impinge on the quality of life of the person with a disability, and of their parents, children, siblings, spouses and carers, in relation to adaptations.

3.1.2 The Housing Executive`s Strategy Document “Housing and Health-Towards a shared Agenda,” highlights how good housing can influence the physical, mental and social wellbeing of our communities.

3.1.3 A person's dwelling and their sense of `home` is therefore an integral part of their mental and physical health as their home is their personal space. All participants in the adaptation process should remember that when someone with a disability is considering their housing options, they and their friends and family may be in a highly vulnerable state following the shock of diagnosis.

3.1.4 Not only will they be facing the long-term implications of the diagnosis but they will also have a large number of other decisions to make in a short timeframe, regarding education, careers, health-care provision, transport and general day-today activities. Each of these will necessitate interruptions to family routines through visits to the home by the relevant professionals. It is very likely that they will be experiencing additional financial concerns as well as this information overload.

3.1.5 It is in this context that the person with the disability or their family will have to interact with a high number of professional people from different disciplines: understanding the professional language of each and the sometimes-complex processes involved. Technical and performance specifications can also lead to communication problems between the family and other participants in the adaptation process.

31


3.1.6 Consideration should also be given to the emotional impact on a family prior to and during the adaptation process. The obligation to take a long-term view of the consequences of the persons` condition, and therefore an acceptance of the prognosis, is an additional emotional burden.

3.1.7 In the case of an extension and other adaptations, the building and decoration process causes a high level of physical disruption to the family home. It is essential that there is a high level of trust between the family and the Design Team to ensure that the adaptation solution is the best for them and also between the family and the contractor.

3.2 The Family and the Home

3.2.1 The home is the place where the family should feel welcome, comfortable and supported. Any discussion of the adaptation process has a very real impact on the quality of life of the entire family. Despite the number of adaptations that are carried out every year, many families feel that they are the first to go through this process.

3.2.2 There is an overwhelming imperative for professionals in the adaptation process to consider the needs of the whole family and how they use their home rather than focusing solely on the need of the person with a disability. Following the shock of diagnosis, there is a real danger that other members of the family might feel that their home is no longer theirs, and that young siblings, for example, might feel neglected.

3.2.3 If a move is required, family members may experience feeling of loss regarding their memories of their former home and the surrounding social environment. Certain types of equipment may "institutionalise" the home for the family. The adaptation process should also account for the existing family way of life and for its changing needs. At the design stage it should be taken into account that, a parent may feel isolated and concerned if they have no way of accessing the first floor of their house and therefore no means of visiting their children in their bedrooms. Similarly, young children in a bedroom extension at the rear of the house may also feel

32


isolated from the rest of family, while as they get older they may appreciate the extra sense of privacy.

3.2.4 It is important that the completed adaptation is fully integrated with the rest of the dwelling and that the family has input in the design process.

3.3 A Matter of Choice: Aesthetics, Design and Quality

3.3.1 Too often, people with disabilities and their families feel that they have little choice in the adaptation process. The parenting role of people with disabilities should be considered in the design process. Occupational Therapists and designers should build consultation and flexibility into the adaptation process.

3.3.2 All families should have access to relevant information regarding their options: a move of house or new-build rather than an adaptation might be the most appropriate solution for their needs. In the Public Sector, the housing provider may be able to offer alternative solutions. Occupational Therapists and designers should also ensure that the person and their family are fully aware of the issues involved in an adaptation and of the consequences of their decisions. It is easy for the family to overlook some aspect of the design which may have a great impact on their lives at a later date.

3.3.3 In a recent report by Beresford and Oldman (2002) for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, the authors recommend that during the design stage families should be able to visit homes where similar adaptations have already been made. They also suggest that the possibilities of three-dimensional computer modelling of the home and adaptation should be explored so that people with disabilities and their families may have a more accurate image of the completed adaptation.

3.3.4 It is felt that some families proceed through the adaptation process by trial-and-error. However sharing of information the experiences of other families in similar situations would prove beneficial at an earlier stage. A few examples of such design considerations include:

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Design Considerations

x accessible pathways surrounding the house enable a child with a disability to play with siblings and friends and to live more independently

x newer car types may require larger parking spaces x lower window sills permit a person in a wheelchair to see

outside x both study and play areas are important for a child with a

disability.

3.3.5 Families should also be made aware of the availability of non-standard fixtures and fittings and their choices should be incorporated where possible in the design specification. The use of coloured tiles in a bathroom for example helps avoid the impression of an `institutional` or `medical` space. Designers should also be fully aware of the abilities of the person: if they are using a wheelchair, handrails may not always be necessary, and therefore the adaptation may have a less intrusive appearance.

3.3.6 In all cases, the objective of the adaptation should be to maximise independent living and to minimise the stresses and strains of care.

3.4 Social Issues

3.4.1 If a family is moving or building a house, it is important to consider the social impact on the person with a disability and his or her family and friends. Either situation may lead to isolation from other friends and family, neighbours and the wider community. Access to local services such as shops, schools, doctors, churches, leisure and entertainment is also important. Although the family may find their new home acceptable, additional problems may be caused by such a separation from the rest of the community, particularly in cases where the family relies on the assistance and support of other family members and friends.

34

4. THE ROLE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST

35

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Involvement of Occupational

Therapists in Housing Adaptations

4.3 The Initial Contact Between the Client

and the Occupational Therapy Service

4.4 The Nature of the Occupational

Therapist`s Assessment

4.5 The Post-Assessment Stage

4.6 Recommendations for Adaptations

4.7 The Involvement of the Occupational

Therapist Post-Recommendation

36

Chapter 4 The Role of the Occupational Therapist


4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 This chapter will outline the role played by Occupational Therapists in the adaptation process and clarify their relationship with housing providers.

4.1.2 The College of Occupational Therapists provides the following definition:

“Occupational Therapy helps people live more productive and enjoyable lives, it is a way of helping individuals to do the things they want and become much more independent. In this context Occupational Therapy means any way in which people spend their time, from personal care (getting dressed, cleaning their teeth, shopping) to productivity (paid or unpaid work, housework or school) to leisure (sports, games, hobbies, social life)”, (College of Occupational Therapists 2000).

4.1.3 Occupational Therapists believe in the removal of environmental barriers that constrain the way people wish to live their lives and the promotion of housing which is designed to help support productive and enjoyable living.

4.2 The Involvement of Occupational Therapists in Housing Adaptations

4.2.1 The Health and Social Services Boards in Northern Ireland have statutory duties to assess the needs of disabled people, including their housing needs. Occupational Therapists are nominated on behalf of the Boards to carry out these duties. (See Appendix 10)

4.2.2 An Occupational Therapist has a thorough understanding of disabling conditions, how disability impacts on a person’s everyday life and the role that the environment has in facilitating or acting as a barrier to productive living.

4.2.3 The adaptation process is complex, involving many people and agencies. The Occupational Therapy role in the process is greatest in the early stage when the person’s needs are

37


being identified and specified. Primary responsibility moves to the housing provider in the middle and late stages of the process. The Occupational Therapist, however maintains contact with the client and housing provider at certain key stages of the housing provision process.

4.3 The Initial Contact Between the Client and the Occupational Therapy Service

4.3.1 Referrals come from a wide range of people including health and social care professionals, doctors, housing agencies as well as directly from the disabled person or their family. Accurate information regarding the needs of the person with the disability at the time of referral helps to identify people in greatest need.

4.3.2 While this system provides a high level of access to services there is also very high demand for occupational therapy. This makes it necessary to prioritise waiting lists in accordance with the community charter.

4.3.3 Occupational Therapists must have a clear diagnosis of the client’s underlying condition before offering treatment. The OT will, with the person’s consent, seek up-to-date medical information on their disability. Where the person has a consultant, clear information regarding their condition and how it impacts on everyday life helps to determine needs accurately. This is particularly valuable if a person has a cardiac or respiratory condition.

4.3.4 Medical information along with other information on the referral relating to the extent of disability, the family and community support available and the housing facilities present at the time of referral are used to determine the priority for a home assessment. The confidentiality of this information is carefully maintained in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998.

4.3.5 Certain referrals for minor adaptations in NIHE property do not need an individualised Occupational Therapy assessment. These are minor works which could be required in any elderly or disabled person’s home e.g. adequate

38


outdoor lighting, flush thresholds at doors, sockets and switches at a convenient height. A list of minor adaptations that can be undertaken without OT assessment can be obtained from the local NIHE district office. Please note that some minor works may require Building Control approval.

4.3.6 The Occupational Therapist will consider whether medical, surgical or other treatments can reverse or lessen the effect of the underlying medical condition. There are occasions where treatment may be considered before adaptations.

4.4 The Nature of the Occupational Therapist’s Assessment

4.4.1 The Occupational Therapist will normally undertake an assessment in the client’s home to gain an understanding of how the design of the home environment either helps or creates barriers to everyday living. The Occupational Therapist will include observation of activities with which a person has difficulty, so that the exact nature of the difficulty can be identified. Following this the therapist may suggest alternative ways of undertaking the activity or recommend the use of products or equipment designed to overcome that specific problem. (see chapter 5).

4.4.2 The Occupational Therapist will also provide instruction in the effective use of equipment, as practise is often required to use it properly. If use of equipment cannot solve the problem alone, adaptation of the home or moving to alternative housing may then be considered.

4.4.3 The needs of carers may also be assessed by the Occupational Therapist, particularly if the person with a disability needs practical assistance with everyday tasks such as assistance to transfer from a wheelchair to bed or with personal care. Where appropriate the carer will be offered advice on how to safely help the person with a disability.

4.4.4 During an occupational therapy assessment the need for other health and social services is often identified, for example physiotherapy, podiatry, speech and language therapy or day care. With the consent of the user a referral may be made to other agencies for further assistance.

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4.5 The Post-Assessment Stage

4.5.1 After assessment, sometimes advice only is required to satisfy the needs of an individual. In other cases equipment on its own will meet needs. It will either be provided at the time of assessment or ordered after the visit. The length of time one can wait for this equipment varies. Routine equipment may only take a matter of days while some specialised equipment can take up to several months. In certain instances adaptations will form part of a package recommended by the Occupational Therapist.

4.6 Recommendations for Adaptations

4.6.1 The method by which these are provided will depend on the ownership of the home.

4.6.2 Pathways to adapting your home for major adaptations are dealt with in Chapter 2

4.7 The involvement of the Occupational Therapist Post-Recommendation

4.7.1 Once the Occupational Therapist makes a recommendation for a major adaptation, the focus of the contact with the client shifts to the housing provider. The provision process will often take a year or more from this time. The Occupational Therapist will offer support and advice at certain key stages during this part of the process. These are:

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Checking and agreeing plans

x this will often involve contact between the client, designer and Occupational Therapist to discuss details of the plan. It is important to spend time getting the design right at this stage to ensure it will actually meet the clients needs.

Arranging alternative accommodation

x if construction is likely to cause disruption to the home for a period of time, it may be worth considering temporary alternative accommodation. Help may come from family, social services or in the social rented sector the housing provider.

Location of fittings during construction

x on occasions the Occupational Therapist may be asked to advise on the exact location of essential fittings during construction but where possible this will already have been accurately specified at the planning stage.

The check visit on completion of adaptations

x the Occupational Therapist will be involved in a final check visit of the completed adaptations. This is particularly the case in private sector housing where it is linked to the release of the Housing Executive`s Disabled Facilities grant. The reason for this visit is to: ¾ ensure that the design of the adaptation promotes

the health, safety and independence of the client/carer and to act as an advocate for the client where necessary.

¾ check if essential fittings have actually been supplied and located in the correct place

¾ provide equipment to allow use of the facility ¾ ensure the user and carers are familiar with the use

of equipment ¾ evaluate the outcome of provision for the client and

carers and how it supports community care.

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5. RESEARCHING AND SELECTING EQUIPMENT

43

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Independent Living Centre

5.3 Common Types of Disabilities and

Equipment

5.4 Factors in the Equipment Selection

Process

5.5 Quality Standards for Equipment

5.6 Second Hand Equipment

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Chapter 5 Researching and Selecting Equipment


5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 This chapter examines the selection and use of equipment recommended by the Occupational Therapist to suit the needs of the user. It considers equipment for daily living rather than specialist nursing equipment.

5.1.2 It contains information on the broad categories of disabilities that may necessitate the use of particular types of equipment, the range of equipment available, the factors that should be taken into account when selecting equipment, quality issues and sources of advice. (Please note that the free-standing equipment is provided by the Health and Social Services Trusts). In addition the client may wish to seek the advice of the Occupational Therapist to privately purchase a piece of equipment

5.1.3 Equipment can play a crucial role in the success or failure of an adaptation. Sometimes a relatively inexpensive fixture or fitting can have a great impact on the quality of life experienced by a person with a disability and on his / her independence. Furthermore, under the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1978, social service departments have a duty to provide a variety of services to people with disabilities, including equipment. The Occupational Therapist should also consider the use of equipment as a short-term measure to alleviate accessibility difficulties during waiting times for more substantial adaptations. Liaison with the designer may be required regarding these interim measures.

5.1.4 At present, there are more than 17,000 different pieces of equipment available in the United Kingdom. These items are catalogued on a CD-ROM produced by the Disabled Living Foundation. The Disabled Living Centre in Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast provides local information. There are also other suppliers listed in the Yellow Pages under "Mobility and

45


Access Equipment". Some of these suppliers may employ Occupational Therapists to offer professional advice on the selection of equipment.

5.1.5 The product should meet the needs of the individual and fulfil the requirements raised in this chapter and elsewhere in this guide. It is therefore important that the user should receive expert advice regarding equipment selection.

5.2 The Independent Living Centre

5.2.1 The Independent Living Centre at Musgrave Park Hospital provides an equipment assessment service for Northern Ireland. It houses an extensive range of accessibility equipment and is a key resource for equipment assessments, sources of further information and availability of equipment. The Centre also liaises with equipment manufacturers, architects and designers to realise the full needs of people with disabilities. Visits may be arranged by contacting the Centre directly.

5.2.2 The Independent Living Centre recognises four main types of daily living equipment:

Four types of daily living equipment

x items designed specifically for older or disabled people to overcome a particular difficulty, eg a wheelchair, bath board, raised toilet seat etc

x standard products with a particularly helpful feature, eg an electric tin opener, vacuum cleaner, food processor or computer where all these take the physical effort out of an activity

x standard equipment that has been adapted, eg an extension on a comb for a person with limited reach, or suckers on a nail brush for use by someone with the use of only one hand

x custom-made item specially designed for user particular needs. This could be home or commercially made, or produced by a local REMAP (Rehabilitation Engineering Movement Advisory Panel) group with volunteers who will make one off items for individuals

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5.3 Common Types of Disabilities and Equipment

5.3.1 There are four generally recognised categories of disability:

x motor disabilities that restrict movement

x sensory disabilities

x learning disabilities

x hidden disabilities, such as coronary problems

5.3.2 People and particularly the elderly may experience more than one form of disability. It is therefore important that equipment is selected in accordance with the precise needs of the individual. The following indications are provided by the Disabled Living Foundation:

People with weak hands may need:

x lightweight gadgets or appliances

x hands-free equipment

x large, easy-to-grip controls or handles that require minimal effort to use

People who can only use one hand may need:

x a method of securing equipment in place or to a surface, so that it does not need to be held steady, e.g. using clamps, suction pads or Velcro

Wheelchair users may need:

x smooth floor surfaces as heavy pile carpets impede their progress

x sufficient space for turning and getting on and off the wheelchair

x appliances that are positioned so they can be operated within reach, e.g. cooker controls at the front of the cooker

x sufficient knee and foot room to get close to tables, sinks, work surfaces etc

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People who find it difficult to bend may need:

x long handled equipment

x reachers or pick-up sticks

x equipment positioned above waist height, e.g. letter box baskets, electric socket extenders

x items that provide a high sitting position from which to stand up, e.g. raised chair, raised toilet seat, bath seat

x a perching stool to provide a stable base from which to reach down

People who tire easily may need:

x labour saving devices, e.g. washing machines, food processors

x equipment that will reduce exertion, e.g. electric wheelchairs

x equipment that provides support during standing and walking

People who experience tremor may need:

x weighted gadgets

x large, easy-to-grip switches or controls

People with visual impairments may need:

x a well organised and familiar environment

x adjustable lighting height and luminance in work areas

x colour contrasting items, e.g. coloured plugs against a white socket, or a brightly coloured mug or plate which will contrast with a light coloured table

x large, raised or colour contrasting control switches, markings and labels. These can be purpose made or individually adapted. Blind people may require Braille controls or some sort of tactile labelling

x items that provide an audible signal, e.g. talking scales or a bleeping liquid level indicator

People with hearing impairments may need:

x equipment to amplify environmental sounds, e.g. television headphones, loud door / telephone bells

x items that provide a visual indicator of environmental sounds, e.g. flashing door / telephone bells

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People with learning disabilities may need:

x clear instructions and tasks that can be broken down into component stages

x routine

x robust equipment

x items that are straightforward to use

x communication devices, e.g. pictures, to demonstrate their needs

People with memory problems may need:

x equipment that reminds them to carry out an action, eg pill reminders

x items that provide a warning signal, e.g. gas detectors

5.4 Factors in the Equipment Selection Process

5.4.1 Most reference sources emphasise the need for impartial and professional advice in the selection of equipment. The main factors are:

Suitability

x in the case of equipment for children, space should be allowed for growth,

Safety and Quality

x equipment should conform to British Standards and bear the British standards kite mark or CE Mark. It should be safe at the extremes of its range of use

Choice and Aesthetics

x the customer should be able to make a choice based on variables such as price, colour and so on

Comfort and Ease of Use

x If possible the user should be able to test the equipment prior to installation to use it unaided. Consideration should also be given to the type of materials used in upholstery

Transporting and Storage

x Consideration should be given to the size and shape of the equipment with regard to transporting it by car and adequate storage space in the dwelling

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Repair and Maintenance

x this includes the availability of spare parts, cost and frequency of services, after-sales service and guarantees. It is advisable to purchase equipment from a reputable and well-established company. Cleaning should be easy, with no difficult corners or cracks which are likely to trap dirt. Insurance of equipment is also an important issue.

Reputable suppliers should provide the following information:

x current details of the equipment

x availability of the item and of spare parts

x the price of the equipment and of any accessories

x whether there is or is not exemption from VAT

x details of delivery charges and lead times

x guarantees and service agreements.

5.5 Quality Standards for Equipment

5.5.1 Consideration should be given to equipment with recognised quality standards such as the British Standards Institute and carry the BSI Kite mark, safety mark and the CE mark. In addition, the manufacturer may be a member of the British Healthcare Association (BHTA), and thus meet certain service standards.

5.6 Second Hand Equipment

5.6.1 If second hand equipment is considered. The following issues should be borne in mind:

Issues regarding second hand equipment

x the equipment may cost more to upkeep and may need replacing sooner

x professional advice regarding the most suitable equipment is still required

x the equipment should be suitable for the intended user

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x the potential user should test the equipment several times before purchase

x the condition of the equipment should be checked carefully for signs of damage, missing parts and non-functioning mechanisms

x the vendor should supply all the relevant original documentation

x the availability of repair services should be checked e.g. is the manufacturer still in business?

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6. THE ROLE OF KEY HOUSING PERSONNEL IN THE NORTHERN IRELAND HOUSING EXECUTIVE AND HOUSING ASSOCIATIONS

53

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Housing Executive (Public Sector Major

Adaptations)

6.3 Housing Executive (Public Sector Minor

Adaptations)

6.4 Housing Executive (Private Sector

Grants)

6.5 Employing an Architect / Agent within

NIHE Grants System

6.6 Use of Recognised Contractors within

the NIHE Grants System

6.7 The Role of Home Improvement

Agencies

6.8 Gable (formerly Shelter(NI))

6.9 Fold “Staying Put” Scheme

6.10 Housing Associations (Minor and Major

Adaptations)

6.11 Action by the Associations in Relation

to Adaptations

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Chapter 6 The Role of Key Housing Personnel

Chapter 6 The Role of Key Housing Personnel in the Northern

Ireland Housing Executive and Housing Associations

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 This chapter summarises the roles and responsibilities of Welfare Officer, Project Manager and Grants Officer within the NIHE and relevant staff within the housing associations. It also considers the adaptation processes that apply to properties within

x the Housing Executive

x the Housing Associations and

x the Private Sector

6.1.2 There are two broad classifications of adaptations major and minor

6.2 Housing Executive (Public Sector Major Adaptations)

6.2.1 Within the Housing Executive, the Area Welfare Officer holds a pivotal role in processing major adaptations. Some examples of major adaptations are as follows,

x x x

extensions

vertical / stair lifts

heating

6.2.2 The Area Welfare Officer liaises with the client, the Occupational Therapist, designers, engineers and others to facilitate the adaptation from start to finish.

6.2.3 When an Occupational Therapy recommendation is received by the Housing Executive for public sector tenants, the Welfare Officer instigates a series of checks to establish eligibility. Issues to be considered include:-

Eligibility Considerations

x is the client a Housing Executive tenant?

x has an application been made to purchase the property?

x is there a current application to transfer to another property?

x the household composition

x can the work be included in an improvement scheme?

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6.2.4 The client is visited and various options are explored following which an appropriate option is instigated and processed. As the scheme progresses there is ongoing liaison and discussion with all parties involved including the client and the Occupational Therapist.

6.2.5 If appropriate, decanting arrangements are made in conjunction with the District Office. Alternative properties where available may be offered for the duration of the works or a mobile home may be provided.

6.3 Housing Executive (Public Sector Minor Adaptations)

6.3.1 Minor items not requiring an Occupational Therapy referral can be made directly by the client to their local District Office.

6.3.2 The list below, while not exhaustive, gives examples of minor adaptations not requiring an Occupational Therapy referral:

Adaptations not requiring an Occupational Therapy

Referral (District Office Provision)

x additional continuous handrail to staircase (or other parts of the dwellings)

x handrail at front or rear entrance of dwelling

x provision of lever taps at wash hand basin in bathroom or kitchen

x replacement or re-siting of coal bunkers

x provision of whirly clothes lines

x re-siting of socket outlets at convenient level

x widening of garden paths for wheelchair users or persons with walking aids

x provision of rocker light switches

x relocation of clothes hanging rails (also in bedrooms)

x in entrance halls, the provision of letter cages or delivery shelves

x provision of adequate internal and external lighting

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6.3.3 Other minor adaptations requiring an Occupational Therapist assessment include;

x showers

x small ramps

6.3.4 Minor items requiring an Occupational Therapy recommendation should be sent directly to the District Office by the Occupational Therapist.

6.3.5 Specialist smoke alarms for the sensory impaired require a recommendation from a Senior Social Worker.

6.3.6 All these items can be actioned through the District Maintenance Department.

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6.4 Housing Executive (Private Sector Grants)

6.4.1 People with disabilities who own or rent private property can apply for financial assistance from the Housing Executive.

x Disabled Facilities Grant

x Minor Works Assistance

These types of Grant may change due to the current review of Housing Legislation

6.4.2 When an enquiry form is submitted to the Housing Executive a Grants Officer will survey the applicant’s home and contact the Occupational Therapist. If the person making the application is elderly or has special needs, the Housing Executive has an arrangement with certain independent agencies to assist in administration of the application process. These details are available from the local Grants Office.

6.4.3 The Housing Executive Grants Office is responsible for coordinating requests for adaptations to private properties occupied by people with a disability.

6.4.4 Grants Managers have the following responsibilities:-

x deciding whether a property qualifies for grant aid

x referring the applicant’s details for assessment to the Nominated Officer

x determining the most suitable grant option based on a survey of the property and the recommendations of the Nominated Officer

x assessing the applicant’s contribution to the grant based on a test of resources; (clients will be encouraged to have a preliminary test of resources prior to referral in order to prevent unnecessary work by them)

x providing a schedule of works eligible for grant aid and determining the amount of grant payable to the applicant

x consulting with Nominated Officers as to proposals contained in plans etc.

x arranging and undertaking appropriate inspection visits and

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arranging for interim and final payments

x informing the Nominated Officer of the commencement and completion of grant work and requesting confirmation of satisfaction from the Nominated Officer

x informing the Nominated Officer when grant is cancelled and

x deciding whether or not Urgent Works Approval is necessary in respect of all or any part of the work.

6.4.3 Typical works can include:

x improving access inside the home

x improving access outside of the home

x providing specialist bathroom or kitchen facilities

x adapting lighting and heating controls

x changing the type of heating in the home

6.4.4 If the necessary work is under a certain cost and the owner-occupier is in receipt of a means tested benefit, he or she may qualify for Minor Works Assistance. For more major adaptation works the Disabled Facilities Grant will normally be used. This requires a test of resources to establish how much the applicant can afford to pay towards the cost of the works and what amount of grant will be offered.

6.5 Employing an Architect / Agent within NIHE Grants System

6.5.1 When the Occupational Therapist has provided the Housing Executive with a recommendation, the applicant will be asked to provide sketch plans for approval by both the Housing Executive and the Occupational Therapist. This should be done before any statutory approvals are obtained.

6.5.2 If requested the local Grants Officer can provide the applicant with a list of designers.

6.5.3 When the Grants Office gives approval, the owner-occupier must organise a Contractor to carry out the works. The works must be carried out to the satisfaction of the Executive before grant monies are released.

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6.6 Use of Recognised Contractors within the NIHE Grants

System

6.6.1 Where the cost exceeds a certain limit, a builder who is registered with one of the following must be used:

Warranted Building Scheme (See Chapter 11 for Sources of

Further Information)

x The Building Guarantee Scheme

x The Contractors Insurance Guarantee Services (NI) Ltd

x The National Register of Warranted Builders

6.6.2 The purpose of this scheme is to protect the person with the disability or his or her family in the event of a dispute arising with the Contractor. In the event of the Contractor going out of business or failing to complete the work, the company who registered the Contractor will arrange for the work to be completed. If a problem does arise he or she should contact the relevant scheme.

6.7 The Role of Home Improvement Agencies

6.7.1 There are two agencies in N. Ireland who offer additional assistance for people to process applications for adaptations in privately owned or privately rented property. They have distinct geographically locations. (See map) Advice and assistance of these agencies is free and confidential.

6.8 Gable (formerly Shelter(NI))

6.8.1Gable is a charity operating a service to assist elderly and disabled people with home improvements or repairs.

6.8.2 Support from the initial application right through to a follow up service ensures that all work is completed to the satisfaction of the homeowner.

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x information on grants for home improvement

x support and help right through the grants process e.g. form filling and financial advice

x technical advice

x help with selecting contractors

x help to organise the building work

x visits on site while the work is progressing

6.8.3 Gable assists people who are elderly and / or disabled and live in the Strabane, Derry, Limavady and Magherafelt district Council areas in making improvements to their homes through the NIHE grant scheme. This work is funded by the NIHE.

6.8.4 Contact details: Gable 13 Dock Street Strabane Co Tyrone BT 82 8EE Tel: 02871 882147/383947 E-mail: [email protected] Free phone 0800 028 6688

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mailto: [email protected]


6.9 Fold “Staying Put” Scheme

6.9.1 Fold is a non-profit making organisation dedicated to helping elderly and / or disabled people within the community.

6.9.2 “Staying Put” is provided by the Fold Trust to help elderly and / or disabled people who either own or privately rent their homes and to remain in familiar surroundings. They offer practical assistance and support to repair, adapt or improve homes through the Northern Ireland Housing Executive Grants process. (People, who do not qualify for a grant, might still be eligible for assistance.)

6.9.3 Fold can act as an agent throughout the grant application, relieving people of some of their responsibilities in completing the grants application, but cannot speed up the grant.

6.9.4 “Staying Put” does not affect any other application a person may have with Fold.

6.9.5 Services include

x Advice on repair and improvement of property

x Information on obtaining grants and loans

x Advice on adaptations for disabled people

x Practical help with the grants administrative process

x Technical support e.g. help selecting builders

x Obtaining plans

x Technical advice

6.9.6 Contact Details Staying Put Department Fold House 3-6 Redburn Square, Hollywood BT18 9HZ Tel: 028 90 428314

Fax: 028 90 428167

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] www.foldgroup.co.uk

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www.foldgroup.co.uk

http://www.foldgroup.co.uk/



www.foldgroup.co.uk


6.10 Housing Associations (Minor and Major Adaptations )

6.10.1 When the housing association receives a request for an adaptation, it is obliged to:

1. identify the needs of the individual in association with the relevant Health & Personal Social Services Trust's Occupational Therapist where estimated works costs are likely to exceed certain limits,

2. undertake an optional appraisal before proceeding when estimated works costs are likely to exceed certain limits,

3. for normal adaptations complete the work before applying for grant application from the Department of Social Development (DSD) at practical completion stage.

Items eligible for DSD Grant Items ineligible for DSD Grant

Structural items are those by "Non-structural" items such as definition that are fixed to or portable aids and equipment are become part of the structure of considered to be the a dwelling. This includes the responsibility of Health & incurtilage part of the dwelling, Personal Social Services Trusts such as gardens and private and are not eligible for funding open spaces. from the Department of Social

Development.

6.11 Action by the Associations in Relation to Adaptations

6.11.1 Associations should formally adopt a policy statement that sets out the association's approach to the provision of adaptations to its housing stock and the priority that should be attached to cases.

6.11.2 See below for examples of structural and non-structural features and

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6.11.3 The list below, while not exhaustive, gives a number of examples of items which may be provided for a person with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and are admissible for Housing Association Grant. These are items which because they are fixed to or become part of the structure of a dwelling or its environs, may be regarded as structural.

Examples Of Structural

Features

x general alterations x electrical and heating services

x garaging and external facilities x provision for lifting aids

x approaches to entrance doors x acoustic insulation

x doors and windows x entrance halls

x staircases and vertical circulation x kitchens

x water services x bathrooms and WCs

x storage

6.11.4 The list below comprises some examples of non-structural features such as portable aids and equipment, which are considered to be the responsibility of the relevant Health & Social Services Trusts and will not be eligible for Housing Association Grant. These are movable items, which normally do not require to be fixed to the building.

Examples of Non-Structural Features

x Portable or re-usable ramps

x Induction loop for people who are hard of hearing

x Portable manual or electric hoists

x Special kitchens utensils or portable cooking equipment

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7. THE ROLE OF THE DESIGNER

65

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Outline Proposals / Sketch Plans

7.3 Proposals / Sketch Plans

7.4 Detailed Drawings / Construction

Documents

7.5 Statutory Approvals

7.6 Extinguishment of Public Rights of Way

7.7 Obtaining an Estimate

7.8 Site Supervision

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Chapter 7: The Role of the Designer

Chapter 7 The Role of the Designer

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 The Designer has a thorough knowledge of what can and can not be achieved in adapting a particular dwelling. The Designer must therefore advise the team of the range of design options available. If a specific design has been requested, this may have been made with a limited understanding of what is possible and further development of the brief will likely be required.

7.2 Outline Proposals / Sketch Plans

7.2.1 On receipt of the Occupational Therapists` recommendations the Designer will carry out a measurement survey of the home and surrounding features that could influence the design.

Examples of Features Influencing Design

x limitations of location, existing site / buildings x family composition and how other family members make use

of their home x ownership of attached and adjoining dwellings. (Periodical

checks should be made throughout the process, up to starting on site, for any change in ownership as this may necessitate a change in design)

x load bearing walls i.e. walls that carry another part of the structure

x type of heating x where water, electricity, and other services enter the dwelling x the height difference between floor level and a public road or

footpath x positions and depths of drains x positions of doors and windows in attached dwellings x boundary construction (fences, hedges etc)

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7.2.2 The Designer then uses this information and knowledge of adaptations to produce sketch plans based on the Occupational Therapists’s recommendations.

7.2.3 If an extension is proposed close to a party boundary it is essential that the owners of the attached or adjoining property are consulted at an early stage particularly if it will be necessary for the contractor to enter their property during building work.

7.2.4 Normally all elements of an extension, i.e. foundations to roof, lie within the boundary of the subject dwelling. In some cases where space is restricted the Designer may find it necessary to suggest that the party wall of the extension be centred on the party line with the attached dwelling (normally the centre line of the party wall). This would be by agreement with the adjoining neighbours.

7.3 Proposals / Sketch Plans

7.3.1 The proposals / sketch plans are then passed to all involved for acceptance. In the case of private sector grants this includes the local Housing Executive Grants Officer. For adaptations to Housing Executive property the Housing Executive’s Area Welfare Officer will play a central role in the approval process.

7.4 Detailed Drawings / Construction Documents

7.4.1 On receiving approval to the proposals the designer will produce detailed drawings / construction documents. These generally consist of drawings and a specification explaining fully to a building contractor how the work is to be carried out, what materials are to be used, and how the dwelling will look when the work is complete. A Schedule of Work is provided for all adaptations.

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7.5 Statutory Approvals

7.5.1 Building Control approval is required for almost all works, including many that are perceived to be only of a minor nature. When approvals are required, they are obtained from the Building Control Department of the local Council and from the Planning Service of the Department of Regional Development. Further approval will be required from the Department for Regional Development Water Service if building over a sewer is involved.

7.6 Extinguishment of Public Rights of Way

7.6.1 It may be necessary as a result of restricted space around a dwelling to build an extension over a footpath or other types of public rights of way. These may be under the control of the Department of Regional Development Roads Service.

7.6.2 An application to the Roads Service for the extinguishment of the affected area, which if approved will result in the Roads Service giving up control.

7.6.3 If a replacement public area is required an application to have it adopted will be submitted to the Roads Service which will again become responsible for maintenance, resurfacing, etc.

7.6.4 Extinguishment must be obtained before any work commences on the area. The process is therefore lengthy and can take at least nine months.

7.7 Obtaining an Estimate

7.7.1 For adaptations to Housing Executive property a previously appointed Measured Term Contractor for Major Adaptations will be instructed to carry out the work.

7.7.2 For private sector grant projects a building contractor will be requested to submit an estimate for the work.

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7.8 Site Supervision

7.8.1 In addition to providing construction documents the Designer may also be appointed to supervise construction work. This involves regular visits to the site to ensure that the work is being carried out in accordance with the drawings and specification and good building practice. Building Control is to be kept informed as work progresses so that the necessary inspections can be undertaken.

7.8.2 In NIHE Social Sector the Designer will issue payment certificates to the client confirming that the contractor is due payment for completed work of a value determined by the Designer. A Completion Certificate should be obtained from Building Control.

7.8.3 Health & Safety files are to be delivered to the Client upon completion of the works for NIHE properties

7.8.3 Interim payment of the Grant is calculated by the Grant`s Officer to a maximum of ninety percent value of the Grant to the applicant

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8. THE ROLE OF THE CONTRACTOR

71

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Site Operations

8.3 Health & Safety

8.4 Neighbours

8.5 Implementation, Adjustment &

Maintenance

72

Chapter 8: The Role of the Contractor

Chapter 8 The Role of the Contractor

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 This chapter will outline the main roles and responsibilities of the contractor in the adaptation process in relation to site operations, health and safety, respect for neighbours and maintenance and adjustment. The Contractor’s role may vary depending on tenure.

8.2 Site Operations

8.2.1 It is assumed that the dwelling will likely be occupied during the progress of the works. The contractor should ensure that the work is as self-contained as possible, avoiding disturbance of the family's daily activities in the main part of the house. On occasions when decanting is necessary in NIHE property the Contractor will be responsible for moving the tenant’s belongings to the identified decant property or decant site. Exposed trenches and similar hazards should be planned for minimum duration and should be avoided over the weekend.

Site Operations

x explain to, and keep residents and neighbours informed of disruptions, noise and dust

x clear internal and external circulation for residents is to be maintained at all times

x the contractor should construct as much as possible before breaking into existing dwelling

x if possible, all underground work involving excavations should be completed in first 2-3 weeks

x noisy operations should be planned for times when people are away

x Approval to be sought as required for the storage of building materials/skips on the public thoroughfares.

x the Contractor should supply the homeowner with emergency telephone numbers.

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8.3 Health & Safety

8.3.1 Consideration should be given at the design stage to establish the potential hazards in order to identify if the residents should be decanted. The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations (NI) 1995 place duties upon the client, client's agents, designers and contractors to ensure health and safety issues are taken into account where applicable, these should be coordinated and managed effectively throughout all stages of the project.

Health & Safety

x a pre-tender Health & Safety Plan is to be provided where required

x a safe emergency escape route for residents should be identified during 1. the daily operations 2. after work hours

x the works should be closed off from residents, especially at night

8.4 Neighbours

8.4.1 It is important when developing proposals to consider the impact the work will have on neighbours. Early consultation can avoid confrontation later on and approval from neighbours is essential if work has to be carried out in their gardens. Neighbours should be informed if they will benefit from features such as improved drainage or paving.

Neighbours

x early consultation often avoids later confrontation and establishes good relationships

x the landlord should be involved if the neighbour is a tenant and if it is applicable

x any defects caused to neighbour’s property, should be made good on completion.

74


8.5 Implementation, Adjustment & Maintenance

8.5.1 Where difficulties arise in implementing the brief, the respective Designer, Grants Officer or Occupational Therapist should be contacted as appropriate.

8.5.2 It is important that the details of the specification are adhered to as this may have major implications for the safe and convenient use of facilities.

8.5.3 Where the Client requests a change of location for fixtures and fittings, prior agreement should be sought with the Occupational Therapist.

8.5.4 There may be a requirement to make adjustments after completion when the new facilities are being used. However the contractor should avoid the temptation to leave a problem with the intention of remedying it during the maintenance period. If necessary it may be beneficial to get feedback from the user / Occupational Therapist / Grants.

Implementation, Adjustment & Maintenance

x the contractor should ensure that any outstanding work is carried out so that Practical Completion can be achieved,

x when revisiting the property, the contractor should be on the lookout for early signs of inconvenience, any difficulty in using the facilities or excessive wear,

x some adjustments may however be inevitable - these should be rectified before a complaint is registered,

x it should be remembered that some people are unwilling to or afraid to complain.

75

9. SELECTED DESIGN SOLUTIONS

77

9.1 Design Options

9.2 Case Study 1 - Assistive / Smart

Technology

9.3 Case Study 2 - Internal Modifications

9.4 Case Study 3 - Extensions

9.5 Case Study 4 – “Off Site Manufacture”

9.6 Data Sheets

1.0 Site Considerations 2.0 External Works 3.0 Entering the Building 4.0 Circulation Spaces 5.0 Living Rooms 6.0 Kitchens 7.0 Dining Areas 8.0 Bedrooms 9.0 Sanitary Accommodation 10.0 Environmental Controls 11.0 Vertical Circulation

78

Chapter 9 Selected Design Solutions


9.1 Design Options

9.1.1 Four design options have been identified which are applicable to the adaptation process for existing dwellings. They are considered under the following Case Studies:-

(i) Case Study 1 Wise House Londonderry (Example 1

Assistive/Smart Technology) This case study identifies some of the assistive technologies present in peoples homes.

(ii) Case Study 2 Internal Modifications (Example 1

Internal Adaptation & Example 2 Working From

Home) This case study shows two examples of the range of internal adaptations that might be possible within the existing shell of the home.

(iii) Case Study 3 Extension (Example 1 Design Solution

for an Assisted Wheelchair User) This case study identifies the needs of assisted wheelchair users and carers.

(iv) Case Study 4 Off Site Manufacture (Example 1

Exhibition at BRE) Carried out by off site assembly and craned into place if necessary.

9.1.2 Each and all of these options may be used individually or combined in order to meet the users` requirements enabling considerable scope for good practice solutions. Additional detailed information on each of these options is given below.

9.1.3 Although the examples shown are based on actual case studies, amendments have been undertaken to illustrate the principles more clearly.

79

Chapter 9: Selected Design Solutions

9.2 Case Study 1 - Assistive / Smart Technology

9.2.1 The USA Assistive Technology Act of 1998 defines an “assistive technology device” as any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customised, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. www.section508.gov/docs/AT1998.html

9.2.2The use of technology varying from automatic doors in shops to electric windows in cars is becoming more mainstream. Whilst technology has improved product design in the home, the advancement and deployment of smart technologies to support persons with disabilities in their homes and improve their quality of life has been slow.

9.2.3 Research undertaken by Joseph Rowntree Foundation and others in demonstration projects in the UK and Europe has established that there can be real benefits from the use of smart technology in the home. When technology is harnessed with appropriate building design and domiciliary care, there is the potential to provide a supportive environment where many individuals can live independently irrespective of their age or disability.

9.2.4 Technology comes in many forms ranging from the use of commonly available products such as infra red remote controls to complex environmental control systems. It is of vital importance that the level of technology utilised is tailored to meet specific user requirements.

9.2.5 The various items of technology should offer people safety and security and provide them with more independence and control over their lives.

80

http://www.section508.gov/docs/AssistiveTechnologyActOf1998Full.pdf


9.2.6 Much more research and evaluation is required regarding the benefits and appropriateness of this technology. Areas such as security, safety, environmental controls and lifestyle monitoring have all benefited from smart technology.

9.2.7 The use of smart technology establishes a new concept of care bringing together health, social services and housing bodies/organisations to deliver a more holistic service.

9.2.8 Some examples are given below of what this technology looks like and a brief description of where the technology can be used in the home.

9.2.9 The Housing Corporation and Building Research Establishment have recently published a Smart Homes briefing guide for housing associations. This document can be downloaded from the website www.bre.co.uk/pdf/smarthomesbriefing.pdf

9.2.10 A number of other research projects can be found on the website of the Foundation for Assistive Technology (FAST) www.fastuk.org

9.2.11 BRE has published an information paper “Helping visually impaired people in their homes:assistive technology.” (IP 8/03) Further information can be obtained on their website www.bre.co.uk

81

www.bre.co.uk/pdf/smarthomesbriefing.pdf

www.fastuk.org

www.bre.co.uk

CASE STUDY 1

EXAMPLE 1 – ASSISTIVE/SMART TECHNOLOGY

BEDROOM

The pressure mat sensor can be placed in the bed to give an indication when a person leaves their bed during the night. This allows carers to take appropriate action when necessary.

LIVING ROOM

The video door entry system allows the caller to be displayed on the television. Two way communication can take place from the comfort and safety of the armchair and the person has the ability to control who enters their home.

See the Foundation for Assistive Technology www.fastuk.org 82

CASE STUDY 1

EXAMPLE 1 – ASSISTIVE/SMART TECHNOLOGY

PERSONAL SAFETY

Pendants can be worn on the person in order to give them reassurance should they wish to make contact with the care line staff.

Transmitter

HEATING CONTROL

The heating controls should be positioned at a height which suits the needs of the user. The

Watchman indicator watchman indicator shown here and the transmitter fitted on the tank as shown allows the resident to remotely monitor the amount of heating oil left in the tank.

Temperature Smoke Detector Extremes Sensor

GENERAL PRODUCTS

A selection of some of the smart gadgets available on the market to date.

Flood Detector

Passive Infra-Red Detector

Personal Pendant

Fall Detector

See RNIB Catalogue of products 2001/2002. www.rnib.org.uk RNID Solutions. www.rnid.org.uk & www.rnidshop.com

Photographs taken in the Wise House Derry/Londonderry www.goinghomestayinghome.org 83


9.3 Case Study 2 - Internal Modifications

9.3.1 This Case Study examines how Internal adaptations or modifications may allow the occupants to remain in their own home (E.g. 1) or alternatively to work from home (E.g. 2).

9.3.2 Example 1 demonstrates how a typical house can be adapted to meet the users` requirements by the use of equipment and/or alterations.

9.3.3 Example 2 deals with the issues involved in adapting a home to accommodate the needs of someone who has chosen to work from home due to a disability. This case study does not represent a definitive way to design for Home Working. It highlights things to consider due to the additional space requirements needed for family, colleagues, the general public and equipment. This may pose additional restrictions in reaching a safe and functional solution.

84

89.2 m2 ( 1137sq. ft.)

(4 person/ 3 bedroom)

EXAMPLE 1 – INTERNAL ADAPTATION

Kitchen

Dining Area Living Room

Hall

CASE STUDY 2 – INTERNAL MODIFICATIONS

Proposed plan

Existing plan

1 Provide through-floor lift in Dining room. 2 Extend wall to Lounge/ Dining to obscure view of lift. 3 Relocate door into living room, providing a half leaf door if required. 4 Provide toilet facility under staircase (Provide shower if sufficient space is available). 5 Relocate meter cupboard. 6 Stair lift.

Living

Kitchen

Lift

Dining

2

1

3

6 5

4

WC

Smoke detector

Smoke detector

Ground floor

Note: The proposed plan illustrates a range of internal modifications. In practice not all these modifications will be required simultaneously. The exact modifications will depend on the individual requirements of the user. 85

Bathroom

Bedroom3

W/drobe

HP

9 8

7

Bedroom 2

W/drobe Lift 1

Bedroom 1

10


89.2 m2 ( 1137sq. ft.)

(4 person/ 3 bedroom)

Proposed plan

Existing plan

EXAMPLE 1 – INTERNAL ADAPTATION

First floor

Smoke detector

86

Bathroom

Bedroom 2 Bedroom 1

Bedroom 3

1. Provide through floor lift in Bedroom 1 7. Remove hot press and relocate 8. Provide adequate wheelchair circulation if required. 9. Replan bathroom layout 10. Provide direct access between bedroom and bathroom

W/drobe

For further advice on equipment and facilities in working from home, speak to the Disablement Employment Work Advisor at the Job Centre www.jobcentreonline.com

External Environment

1. Provide off-street car parking for the use of visitors where feasible. 2. Driveway to be illuminated and in close proximity to the main

entrance. 3. Main entrance to be well lit. 4. The route from the parking area to the main entrance of the home

office is required to be direct, accessible and well illuminated.


EXAMPLE 2 – WORKING FROM HOME

SITE PLAN

General note z The dwelling for the home worker will normally incur an additional home insurance premium. z There may be a necessity in the future for the employer to consider the adaptability of the

home for home working arrangements and also carry out a risk assessment of the property. z The parking arrangements, frequency of use and change of use may all be planning issues which

will need to be resolved to convert the dwelling for home office use. z Dwelling to be clearly identified with a legible sign and separate door bell or buzzer. z Close circuit television with a screen provided in the work-station to ensure security. z Provide verbal communication link from door to work-station to verify legitimacy of caller.

road

footpath footpath

Garden

(car parking spaces)

1

Bungalow

4 23

2

22

2

87


PROPOSED ALTERATIONS

EXAMPLE 2 – WORKING FROM HOME

General points z Consideration should be given to a separate heating and power system for the home working zone

so that the environment can be controlled and separately metered. This facilitates arrangements to be made by the employer to estimate and record detailed costs for the home worker.

z Consideration should be given by the employer to the additional on-costs and sterilisation of domestic floor space incurred and any necessary refurbishment costs imposed on the home worker.

z Such matters should be subject to mutual agreement entered into by the employer and individual home worker.

Issues to be considered 1. Extra wide corridor 2. Peninsular WC for universal access. 3. Waiting area under stairs 4. Home office 5. Workstation.

Proposed floor plan

1

2

3

4

Home working zone

Communal areaFamily area

5

Note: This Case Study does not represent a definitive way to design for Working from Home. 88


9.4 Case Study 3 - Extensions

9.4.1 Due to limited space within an existing dwelling, it is often necessary to meet the users` requirements by providing an extension.

9.4.2 Example 1 has been included to illustrate some of the design solving problems associated with adapting a dwelling to suit the needs of an assisted wheelchair user. It also demonstrates how storage has to be factored into the design due to the specialist equipment that is often required.

89

CASE STUDY 3- EXTENSION

EXAMPLE 1- DESIGN SOLUTION (Assisted Wheelchair User)

Proposed site plan

External environment

z Incurtilage car parking/ car port provision.

z Level access to front and rear of dwelling z Landscaping to take account of durability, low

maintenance and security z See Data Sheet – Section 1 Site Considerations

Existing site plan

SITE PLAN

New public footpath

Incurtilage wheelchair car parking to be provided

Footpath to be extinguished

Extra length of parking bay to suit rear entry vehicles

Proposed location of extension

Thorpe S. (1997) : Wheelchair Housing Design Guide. The Building Regulations (NI) (2000) : Technical Booklet R: Access and facilities for disabled people Chartered Institute of Housing / Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Lifetime Homes in N. Ireland

90

EXAMPLE 1- EXISTING LAYOUT (Assisted Wheelchair User)

Living room

Kitchen

CASE STUDY 3-EXTENSION

General Issues

z Refer to design data sheets where applicable z Mechanical and Electrical service requirements z Means of escape z Statutory Authority approvals

z Is the kitchen designed to cater for the needs of the wheelchair user?

z Consider dining arrangement to suit all family members

Kitchen

z Retention of toilet for other family members or utilise space for storage/charging location for wheelchairs

Ground Floor Toilet

z Additional space requirement in living room

z Location of environmental controls z Door location z General circulation

Living Room

z Planning:-Building lines, aesthetics, car parking etc z Extension added to side or rear of dwelling z Issues to be considered under the Data Sheets-Section 1 Site Considerations z Optimise benefits to be obtained for user in terms of aspects, view, orientation, sunlight

and natural features z Energy efficiency of extension z Additional space to be factored in for carers/assistance z Space to be provided for equipment/storage z Preference for mobile/fixed track hoist system z Provide en-suite arrangement to ensure privacy/dignity

Extension

Toilet

SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER

Existing Floor Plan

91

EXAMPLE 1 – DESIGN SOLUTION (Assisted Wheelchair User)

Bedroom

50

00

mm

(m

in)

1

2

3

5

6

8

9

10

12 11

13

10

16

4400mm (min)

27

00

mm

(m

in)

23

00

mm

4

15

7

En-suite Bathroom/Shower Room

Fire Escape Consider means of escape planning. Develop a communication strategy The use of patio doors can both provide a better visual aspect whilst providing an alternative means of escape. However sometimes the person with the disability feels vulnerable with patio doors in a bedroom situation

Optimum space required for assisted wheelchair user with a mobile hoist.

A. EXTENSION USING A PORTABLE HOIST


1. Storage required for portable mobile hoist or alternatively consider the installation of a tracking system

2. Space for parking equipment including wheelchair(s) 3. Socket points, light switches and pull cords to suit all

activity requirements/equipment and due consideration to be given to switches from the bed location

4. Wardrobe location 5. Transfer space beside bed 6. Provide telephone socket/internet connection 7. Space for dressing table/chest of drawers/storage for

disposables. 8. Consider night time supervision (e.g. sleep in same room,

adjacent or use intercom provision) 9. Consider external views from room (e.g. sightlines from

a seated and bed location) 10. Bilateral access around bed (space for a carer etc).

11. Peninsular designed WC for safe access and assistance during transfer and toileting

12. Consider future clos-o-mat power point adjacent to toilet or at least a conduit provision at this stage

13. Level deck shower area 14. Additional space is required for shower

cradle. (See Example 1B) 15. Adjacent changing area 16. Consider the use of the whb (e.g. provide

arm support if person has weak arms) 17. Generally an 1800mmm turning space is

preferably to a 1500mm turning space if possible for assisted wheelchairs users

92

15

16 Shower cradle

22

23

5 1

25

3

24

14

7

18/19

2

4

Table

6

20 3200mm

17 17

21

ramp1:20 (preferably)

Note:This Case Study does not represent a definitive way to design for Assisted Wheelchair Users. It highlights things to consider due to the additional space requirements needed for carers and equipment and the additional restrictions, this may pose in reaching a safe and functional solution

Services/Environmental Controls Provide/extend automatic central heating system to the extension Switches and sockets to be provided to BS 8300 where upper limb function is weak. See Data Sheets – Section 10 Environmental Controls Services provided through the use of automatic systems using SMART technologies Mains wired smoke detectors

Shower cradle


B. EXTENSION USING A CEILING TRACK HOIST

Living Room

Kitchen

1500x1500mm level platform

18. Seating space for wheelchair user. 19. Possible specialised seating offering

postural support. 20. Video door entry system, telephone

sockets. 21. Remove chimney breast and partition

under stairs to create more space in Living Room.

22. Access to family dining table 23. Consider partial kitchen.

improvements to enable the person to use some of the kitchen units if required.

24. Consider additional second ramp at rear for fire egress.

25. Consider storage and charging points for wheelchair away from circulation spaces.

93


9.5 Case Study 4 – “Off Site Manufacture”

9.5.1 Since the Egan Report of 1998, the construction industry has been endeavouring to improve quality and efficiency in its building practices while improving customer satisfaction.

9.5.2 Off site manufacturing (formally known as prefabrication) is seen as one way to achieve this change. In many areas of the building industry in England, this type of construction is now widely used to provide new homes. There are many advantages with such off site manufacturing techniques. There has been limited application of these techniques for extensions to dwellings in Northern Ireland.

9.5.3 Whilst this type of construction is relatively new, it has some of the following objectives/benefits;

x More consistent quality undertaken in a controlled factory environment than traditional equivalents

x Less dependent on weather conditions and on-site labour skills

x Utilised on restricted sites

x More sustainable

x Responds to large volume needs

x Reduce waste and negative environmental impact

x Speed of installation / occupation

x Less disruption to the occupier

x Improved health and safety

x Extends choice of building techniques

9.5.4 Some recent research has taken place by South Bank University looking at modular construction technology for housing adaptations. It concluded that this type of accommodation has the potential to improve the delivery of extensions for people with disabilities, but at present, that potential is not being achieved.

94


9.5.5 It states that as a consequence of allowing ease of removal and reuseability, costs can be considerably reduced in comparison to traditional construction. However without reuse, the benefits of modular extensions are more marginal.

9.5.6 More market research, design development and prototype manufacture of units is required to be carried out in order to move this option forward as a potential solution to the needs of disabled people. Therefore designers need to be mindful to explore the use of pod / prefabrication as an option in future proposals. Further information can be obtained at the BRE website www.offsite03.co.uk

95

http://www.bre.co.uk/index.jsp

CASE STUDY 4 – OFF SITE MANUFACTURING

Improved Aesthetics

Speed of Installation

Plumbed for connection to on-site drainage

Structural integrity

Choice of External Finishes

Light Frame Construction

More consistent quality

A sample of photographs taken at the Offsite03 exhibition at Building Research Establishment. Further information on exhibitors and best practice information can be obtained by visiting the website at www.offsite03.co.uk 96


9.6 Data Sheets

9.6.1 The plan below sets out in a logical sequence the design elements to be considered under the following headings.

1.0 Site Considerations 2.0 External Works 3.0 Entering the Building 4.0 Circulation Spaces 5.0 Living Rooms 6.0 Kitchens 7.0 Dining Areas 8.0 Bedrooms 9.0 Sanitary Accommodation 10.0 Environmental Controls 11.0 Vertical Circulation

9.6.2 The Design Data sheets, which follow, are set out in this logical sequence and have been provided to offer a level of good practice. This design guidance should be read in conjunction with the other references highlighted on the data sheets to offer complementary design detail where required.

9.6.3 The design guidance offered should not be considered as offering customised solutions that can be translated into each and every proposed scheme. It is important that the information available on the sheets is assessed against the requirements of the prospective client needs

97

Kitchen

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98

1.0 SITE CONSIDERATIONS

¾ Will constructing the extension affect existing party divisions such as walls, hedges or fences? If so, has agreement been reached with the owner or occupiers on reinstating or replacing these?

¾ Is it possible to transport building materials to the site of the extension?

¾ If the extension is to be constructed over existing drains permission will be required from the Water Service.

1.1 Building issues

Proposed extension Surface water drain

parking

Public footpath

Attached dwelling dwelling

Foul water drain

¾ Is there level access for a wheelchair between the parking area and the public footpath?

¾ Provide incurtilage/convenient parking

¾ Ensure sufficient private open space remains in the garden, including provision for a clothes line and if applicable a fuel tank and boiler

¾ Is the disposal of foul and surface water drainage feasible?

¾ Will the extension affect surface mounted waste disposal pipes serving the attached dwelling? If so, has agreement been reached on relocating these?

1.2 Functional considerations

Scale

99

1.0 SITE CONSIDERATIONS

1.3 Ownership/Legal Issues ¾ Is the attached dwelling in different

ownership? If yes, the extension from foundations to roof is to be located on the subject dwelling’s side of the party boundary

are to be located within the boundary

Legal boundary

Privately owned

Section View

All parts of the structure and agreement is to be reached with the other owners on all matters affecting their property.

¾ Has the tenant or owner been consulted on the proposed extension? If attached dwelling is privately owned has the owner agreed for the contractor to access his/her property to facilitate construction of the extension? (this is to be in writing). If no agreement has been reached it may be necessary to move the extension away from the party boundary or consider alternative proposals.

¾ Never assume that the party division e.g. fence, wall, hedge etc. is the legal party boundary.

¾ Will existing party divisions such as walls, hedges or fences be affected?

Party division hedge/fence

Site of proposed extension

Party wall

Plan View

Legal boundary

1.4 Difference in level

¾ Will the height difference between the public footpath and floor level permit the provision of a ramp/incurtilage parking?

¾ Does the garden in which the extension is to be constructed slope up or down from the dwelling? If up, it is likely that the excavations for foundations will cause disturbance to the attached property. If so, and the attached dwelling is privately owned has the owner given permission for his property to be disturbed? ( this is to be in writing). If permission has not been given it will be necessary to move extension away from the party boundary.

¾ Is there a change in level between the two properties, if so will the excavations affect the attached property?

100

2.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

z The width of the approach � excluding the space for a parked � car should take account of the � needs of people with � disabilities. z Access preferably located at

the principal entrance. z Allowance made for any gates

to open inwards. z Consideration given to activity

space at side or rear of a car for the use of a hoist or lift.

z Level platform provided at front door, preferably 1500x1500mm (1200mm x 1200mm minimum).

z Well drained, level firm surfaces. z Careful consideration should be given

to appropriate access for wheeled walking aids.

To provide a safe and convenient approach to the dwelling and ideally be level or gently sloping taking account of the needs of people with disabilities.

2.1 APPROACH TO THE DWELLING

BS:8300:(2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the Needs of Disabled People Department of the Environment (2001) Creating Places: Achieving Quality in Residential Developments. Thorpe, S. (1997) Wheelchair Housing Design Guide.

tactile surface

gradient 1:12 max

road camber 1:20 maximum

1200mm

1200mm

Issues to be considered:

Objective:

101

2.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

2.2 INCURTILAGE DRIVEWAYS AND HARDSTANDINGS

Using a ramp at the rear of a vehicle including chair

Description / Criteria

6m from back edge of footway or rear edge of shared surface carriage way. Where alternative methods of vehicle entry are utilised, refer to page 162 of BS 8300 for guidance.

Minimum width

3.60m for a house specifically designed for a wheelchair user.

Ensure 900mm minimum unobstructed width within the incurtilage space

Pathway to front door

Wheelchair user with supervision.

(Includes ramp and chair ) 2935mm

1450mm

3.30m for a house designed for an ambulant user.

Using a car hoist with an assistant

3600mm

60

00

mm

Activity Space

102

2.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

(C)

(B)

(C)

300mm

300mm

(A)

300mm

(B) Width of ramps surface width not less than 1200mm. Unobstructed width not less than 1000mm

(C) Landing platform at top and bottom not less than 1200mm, between ramps not less than 1500mm

2.3 RAMPS AND HANDRAILS

Height of kerb at open side of ramp not less than 100mm

(i)For goings between 2m & 10m, it is acceptable to interpolate between the maximum gradients, ie 1:14 for a 4m going or 1:19 for a 9m going

(ii) No individual flight of a ramp should have a going of more than 10m or a rise of more than

500mm. No series of ramps to a building should rise in total more than 2m. If a series of ramp flights rise more than 2m an alternative means of access, such as a lift should be considered.

(A) Recommended gradients for ramps:

Maximum Gradient

1:15

1:20 10m

5m

Not exceeding 2m 1:12

Going of a flight

Handrails should terminate in a closed end and not project into general circulation space.

Non-Circular handrail with rounded edges.

50mm

Handrails ( for guarding see Section 4 of Technical Booklet H of The Building Regulations )

Consideration should be given at outset to provide level access where possible.

300mm

50-60mm 40-50mm

1500mm

(Preferable)

See BS 8300 Code of Practice for preferred standards and Technical Booklet R for minimum standards 103

2.4 EXTERNAL STEPS

z Step nosing should preferably contrast in colours.

z Tactile warning surface should be incorporated at the top and bottom of the stair where appropriate

Tactile & Visual Warnings

1500mm 150mm

150mm

800mm 400mm

1000mm (minimum)

800mm minimum tactile warning surface

Tactile surface incorporated into landing at top of stairs to extend 150mm at each side of stairs and to stop 400mm from nosing

800mm

Handrail to extend beyond top and bottom nosings

300mm

z Steps when required to be used should be uniform and treads slip resistant.

z Treads between 250mm and 300mm with preference for 300mm.

z Risers between 150mm & 170mm. z Avoid open risers. z Steps may need to be enhanced for people

using mobility equipment. ( This may involve the relaxation of Building Regulations ).

( where required or in communal settings)


900 to 1000 above pitch

Steps without projecting nosings are preferred.

Hand rail turned down and terminated at floor or ground level

250-300mm

150-170mm

15-25mm

60º

(maximum)

2.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

104

Ensure adequate weather stripping to avoid ingress of wind blown rain. Provide 1:40 cross fall to discharge water away from the threshold and possible freezing in winter.

Objective:

3.1 THRESHOLDS

3.0 ENTERING THE BUILDING

Door

Drip section

Floor finish

Structural floor

Concrete Slab Precast concrete threshold

Level approach to threshold

Proprietary drainage channel

max. 15mm

(max. slope)

15º

Profile of lower threshold unit

Wall

105


3.2 DOOR ENTRANCE

Objective: To provide a covered, illuminated, and accessible entrance at the front door with suitable door width and furniture to enter the building with

Level platform landing of 1500x1500mm at entrance level.

1500 x 1500 mm

ease.

Communications between user & visitor at front door.

Canopy over front door

z Security, safety, shelter and privacy. z Ease of opening door.

z Illuminated and covered entrance to provide security and shelter.

z Door furniture located to suit all user needs.

19mm minimum diameter handle

Door handle return ensures safety and helps grip

Typical door handle

45mm

50mm (clearance)

letterbox

15

120

0 m

m

Intercom

Light

Good signage

Issues to be considered

(clearance to door)

106


3.2 DOOR ENTRANCE cont’d

400mm


z Minimum clear opening width. z Consideration of automatic doors. z Unobstructed space of at least 300mm

at the leading edge of the door. z Entrance door surface should contrast

in tone or brightness with its surroundings.

Minimum space to nearest vertical surface when door opens towards wheelchair user

Minimum space when door opens away from wheelchair users

(outside)

(Inside)

800mm

(minimum)

Clear effective opening width

300mm

Small Stature Tall stature

Minimum zones of visibility

900mm-1100mm

(preferred)

Door protection against damage from wheelchairs if required.

200mm

(minimum)

Visibility through doors (minimum zones)

107

To ensure that users (including wheelchair) can conveniently manoeuvre, approach and negotiate all circulation spaces without personal discomfort or damage to the building fabric.

Objective:

4.1 CORRIDORS

PREFERRED

EXTERNAL 800mm800mm

INTERNAL 770mm 900mm (When approach is head on) 800mm

800mm 900mm (When approach is not head on) 850mm

770mm 1200mm (When approach is not head on) (Drawing below)

825mm

EFFECTIVE CLEAR OPENING WIDTH THROUGH DOOR

MINIMUM

CORRIDOR PASSAGEWAY WIDTH LOCATION

4.0 CIRCULATION SPACES

Radiator or other obstruction 1200 mm

825 mm

1890mm

Independent Wheelchair user through 825mm clear opening door width

Issues to be considered z Corridors should be avoided when possible. z The minimum effective clear opening width should only be used in unavoidable

circumstances. z Width greater than these may be required in individual cases.

108

z

Assisted wheelchair user

1700mm

300mm

L

300mm

d

L

1500mm

1500mm

300mm

Objective: The dimensions and shape of a lobby should be designed to allow a wheelchair user to move clear of one door swing, to push or pull the next door. A space should also be provided for a carer assisting the wheelchair user, where necessary.

BS:8300 : (2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the needs of Disabled People


4.2 ENTRANCE AND INTERNAL LOBBIES

4.0 CIRCULATION SPACES

d= width of door leaf

Z= 1570mm x 750mm

L= min. d + 1570mm (for a wheelchair accompanied by an attendant)

W= (d + 300mm) or 1200mm whichever is the greater - 1500mm is generally considered preferable for independent wheelchair user.

- 1700mm for assisted wheelchair user.

Thorpe, S. (1997) Wheelchair Housing Design Guide. Department of the Environment (NI) 1991 Housing Association Guide.

Assisted wheelchair user

Minimum to nearest obstruction

z Whether a person is assisted or independent.

z For independent wheelchair use, length of lobby to be determined by size of wheelchair

z See manoeuvring sequences of wheelchair users negotiating a door opening towards them ( BS 8300: 2001 section 6, figure 12 page 26).

z See formula for guidance on length of lobby for assisted wheelchair users where both doors open into lobby zone. ( BS 8300:2001 Section 6, figure 13, page 28).

Independent wheelchair user

Minimum to nearest obstruction

1500mm

Independent wheelchair user

z

d

157

0m

md

300mm d

W

109

To ensure that space provided can accommodate the normal range of furniture for family members including additional space for any wheelchair users.


z Time spent in living room. z Does living room double as

eating or work area ? z Surveillance of visitors at

front door. z Plan window heights for seated

person to look out and consider ease of opening.

z Suitable lighting for user.

5.1 LIVING AREA

Objective:

5.0 LIVING ROOMS

800mm (or less to glass)

Eye level view unobstructed

110

5.0 LIVING ROOMS

5.2 LIVING AREA DESIGN


z Identify notional furniture layout. z Circulation within living room. z Suitable space for person to transfer

from wheelchair to seating. z Consider location of door openings. z Consider access zones in terms of

movement and using the furniture. z Consider the location of furniture,

radiators and electrical socket outlets when planning the room

Note The following dimensions are for guidance only

85

0m

m

850mm 1350mm 1800mm

70

0m

m

Focal point fire

Armchair 2 Seat sofa 3 Seat sofa

70

0m

m

50

0m

m

70

0m

m

1050mm

800mm

60

0m

m

Storage unit Occasional table

(1500mm high)

450mm 2000mm

Space for Television

Living Room furniture sizes & access zones (not to scale) Interesting view to outside space.

1. Cobbold, C. (1997) Lifetime Homes: A Cost Benefit Analysis of Lifetime Homes 2. National Housing Federation. Standards and Quality in Development: A Good Practice Guide. 3. Northern Ireland Housing Executive (1995) Designing for People with Disabilities. 4. Mobility Housing Supplement of DOE (GB) HDD 111 Occasional paper 2/75 Wheelchair Housing. 5. Scottish Homes (1998) Housing for Varying Needs: A Design Guide. Part 1:Houses and flats.

6.1 KITCHEN DESIGN

To ensure that the design of the kitchen is convenient and safe to be used by all occupants. It must allow for the storage and preparation of food and accommodate the necessary appliances and equipment.

Fittings at a height to suit ambulant and wheelchair users

6.0 KITCHENS

Objective:

Scottish Homes (1998) Housing for Varying Needs: A Design Guide. Part 1:Houses and Flats. Thorpe, S. (1997) Wheelchair Housing Design Guide. BS: 8300 : (2001) Design of Buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people

The working sequence should be arranged to provide worktop/ sink/ worktop/ cooker worktop unbroken by a doorway or through circulation

1150mm- Maximum height reachable by wheelchair users.

Height of work surface for wheelchair users

115

0m

m7

60

mm

3

00

mm

Provide uninterrupted worktop arrangement in a ‘U’ or ‘L’ shape. Avoid cross routes

Issues to be considered z Consideration given to adjustable or split level

worktops. z Consideration given as to whether kitchen use is:

(1) Solely or primarily for use by someone in a wheelchair. (2) For both ambulant and wheelchair users. (3) For Assisted Wheelchair user.

z Provision of knee space under sink and worktops.

1625mm- Maximum height reachable by ambulant disabled people

150

0m

m-

162

5m

mM

ax.

90

0m

m

Corner cupboards to open outwards

Fridge under

112

Insulate under sink to avoid scalding

6.2 KITCHEN WORK SURFACE LAYOUTS

Split level oven

Serving hatch to a separate Dining Room

Mobile storage unit

760mm high work surface with clear space below. (wall units optional)

Work space option for Wheelchair users Work space option for ambulant people

900mm High work surface with cupboard units below and wall units above

Hob

Fridge/Washing machine

Alternative Hob arrangement (reduces reach needed and allows safer pot & pan removal)

All kitchens to accommodate a cooker free standing fridge/freezer and washing machine as a minimum.

Fridge/Washing machine on plinth

Isolating switches controlling sockets on surface of base units

Typical work surface layout for wheelchair users

Pull out Board

Mobile Storage unit

Movement arc

6.0 KITCHENS

Adjustable height work top

113

To ensure that sufficient space is provided and is appropriate to the household size including space for wheelchair users.


z Consideration should be given to the provision of dining facilities within the kitchen.

z Where the above is not possible the dining room should be in close proximity of the kitchen.

z Space to be provided to suit the dining arrangements for all the family.

z Circulation space around the table to be considered.

z Access space underneath the table.

Objective:

7.1 DINING AREA DESIGN

Provided that the table design has no obstruction underneath

1400mm

110

0m

m

7.0 DINING AREAS

114

8.0 BEDROOMS

8.1 BEDROOM DESIGN ISSUES

Objective: � A bedroom should be capable of accommodating the normal range of bedroom furniture. Occupants including wheelchair users are to have sufficient space to enter, use the furniture, transfer to bed, operate windows and use controls

Issues to be considered. z Oblique, frontal or side transfer to bed. z Furniture requirements. z Space for equipment. z Needs of carers in terms of :

(1) Space to assist.

(2) Additional bed. z En suite bathroom.

400mm 400mm 400mm1500mm 900mm

20

00

mm

40

0m

m

Single bed Double bed

Bed side table

z Clear activity space in front of furniture.

z Escape in the event of a fire.

Typical furniture template (Not to scale)

Bedroom and en-suite bathroom for ambulant user.

Bedroom for assisted wheelchair user.

750mm

45

0m

m

1350mm

50

0m

m

60

0m

m

Dressing Table Chest of Drawers

600mm

50

0m

m 6

00

mm

1200mm

Single Wardrobe

Double Wardrobe

1050mm

70

0m

m

45

0m

m

Desk

Activity space

A hospital bed will often be used in a domestic setting & therefore additional space will have to be factored in, e.g. 250mm additional width & 150mm additional length. These dimensions may vary depending on bed types. It will often be necessary to have a customized solution to suit the user’s needs.

BS:8300 : (2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the Needs of Disabled People. Housing Corporation Policy & Research Report : (1991) Housing for People with Disabilities – The Needs of Wheelchair Users. 115 Thorpe. S. (1997) : Wheelchair Housing Design Guide.

8.2 AMBULANT AND INDEPENDENT WHEELCHAIR USE.

C) 800mm minimum. Allows a carer to assist with transfer undertaken from the other side of a bed.

D) 600mm minimum. Allows a bedside cabinet and circulation space.

Single bedroom (Ambulant with mobility aids)

Bathroom A D

36

00

mm

Single bedroom (Wheelchair)

A C

39

00

0 m

m

Bathroom

Double bedroom (Wheelchair)

A) 1500 minimum. Allows oblique or front facing transfer by wheelchair users

B) 2250mm allows transfer methods used in A above and also space for a mobile hoist and operator.

Double bedroom for carer

A

B

C

120

0m

m

Passing zone and access to furniture

Double wardrobe Drawers

Dressing table

Bathroom (See Section 9 for Bathroom/Shower dimension)

.

8.0 BEDROOMS

Dimensions

116

The bathroom fittings should be designed to meet the requirements of the specific user to ensure 1.) Safe transfer. 2.) Independent use. 3.) Privacy and dignity.

9.1 TOILET DESIGNS

Objective:

Ambulant user with walking aid

Points to consider.

1) Allows space for assistance.

2) Determine long term requirements of the user.

150

0m

m

900mm 900mm

Ambulant User

These plans are minimum for independent users and do not cater for carers or people with walking aids (restricted use only).


z Method of transfer. z It is preferable that doors open outwards. z Slip resistant floor coverings. See BS 8300. z Provide easy grip taps and door handles. z Install W.C. pan to suit user requirements. z Install grab rails to suit user at locations

agreed on site. Installation to be in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

z W.C. pan could vary in length. z Size of wash hand basin. z Wheelchair dimensions. z Space in W.C. for accessories, mobility

equipment, disposal bin, etc. z Door location in relation to W.C. pan. z Height and suitability of WC seat. z Consider height of mirror.

BS:8300:(2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the Needs of Disabled People. Department of the Environment (2001) Creating Places: Achieving Quality in Residential Developments. The Building Regulations (NI) (2000) Technical Booklet R : Access and facilities for disabled people.

9.0 SANITARY ACCOMMODATION

Chartered Institute of Housing/ Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Lifetime Homes in N. Ireland.

Independent Wheelchair User

20

00

mm

500mm

1800mm

W.H.B.

Hinged support rails

20

00

mm

500mm 1500mm

117


9.2 BATHROOM DESIGNS

Transfer Techniques

Ambulant user bathroom

2100mm

500mm

170

0m

m

300mm clear space to leading edge of door.

Vertical grab rails

(minimum)

Lateral transfer

Right hand left hand

Fold down rail

Oblique transfer

Right hand left hand

Frontal transfer

118

Independent wheelchair user bathroom

300mm clear space to leading edge of door.

400mm

22

00

mm

2700mm

500mm

9.3 SHOWER DESIGN



B.S. 8300: (2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the Needs of Disabled People

Northern Ireland Housing Executive (1995) Designing for People with Disabilities.

�z For assisted wheelchair user see case study in relation to shower and bath requirements.

�z A 1200x760mm shower size is found to be very practical. (other variations to suit customized requirements will be necessary).

1900mm

500mm

170

0m

m

Ambulant user shower

Total wet floor option

Independent wheelchair user shower

2300mm

500mm

22

00

mm

Total wet floor option

Vertical grab rails (minimum clear space to leading edge of door)

300mm

Floor constructed shower

(Photographs do not necessarily reflect the drawings)

300mm (minimum clear space to leading edge of door)

�z Refer to shower specification for more shower types and detailed information.

119

Objectives. To provide controls which are easy to reach, see, understand, and use.

10.1 LIVING ROOM


y Optimum height for controls (900mm - 1200mm)

y Isolating switches require to be located at high level for safety reasons. (Refer to the current IEE Regulations).

y Select controls which are easy to use.

y Control displays to be large enough to offer good colour contrast for people with visual impairments.

y Controls to have a manual override switch, preferably labelled.

1200mm Maximum

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

Door bells, door entry phone

Pull cord switch

Sockets, TV, Telephone jack points.

60

0m

m(m

in)

y Valves and thermostats which require torque movement should be easy to grip and twist.

Door Door

outside inside

120

0m

m

(max

)

y The location of additional sockets required for powered equipment in the living room and bedroom.

BS:8300:(2001) Design of Buildings and their Approaches to meet the Needs of Disabled People. Department of the Environment (2001) Creating Places: Achieving Quality in Residential Developments. 120 Thorpe, S. (1997) Wheelchair Housing Design Guide.

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

10.2 KITCHEN

1200mm (Max.)

Knee space under to access heating control or move to the side if a solid cupboard.

Thermostatic radiator valve at high level.

Radiator

Mobile storage unit

Pull out Board

Remote monitor Heating programmer

Issues to be considered: y Consider location & design of the timer/programmer,

radiator valves/thermostats and associated sockets and switches.

y Determine the needs of the user and choose equipment to suit. Embossed colour dots used as marking controls on cookery Consider design temperatures.

y Heating systems should be manageable & easily controlled.

y Locate heating programmer in a commonly used room e.g. Kitchen

or Living Room

See BRE`s Information Paper IP 8/03 Helping visually impaired people in their homes : assistive technology

y Colour contrast and talking timer/clock considered for visually impaired

Oil tank sensor Controls at accessible heights to suit all users

Watchman sensor to indicate the quantity of oil in tank

Thorpe, S. (1997) Wheelchair Housing Design Guide. The Building Regulations (NI) (2000) Technical Booklet R: Access and facilities for disabled people 121 Chartered Institute of Housing / Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Lifetime Homes in N. Ireland.

11.0 VERTICAL CIRCULATION

1. A detailed site survey will be undertaken by the lift manufacturer/supplier

2. Ensure that the lift provided accommodates the needs of specific wheelchair users

Technical Considerations z Wall construction z Floor construction z Fire safety / means of escape z Structural integrity z Building control approval z Cost of installation z Wiring requirements

B

C A

D

E

Critical Lift Dimensions A Internal width

B Internal depth

C Overall length with door open 900

D Approach space

E Clearance to side for access to controls / door opening

122

11.1 THROUGH THE FLOOR LIFT

Objective: To provide safe & convenient access between floor levels within the dwelling.

Issues to be considered :

z Sufficient space to open the lift door to 90°. z Approach space for the wheelchair user / carer. z Space for transfers beside the bed z Circulation space allowing for furniture and a

variety of bed sizes z Where existing bedroom is small additional

space may be required from adjacent rooms. z Seating requirements. z Grab handles. z Customised controls. z Emergency communication.

Telephone within lift

A detailed site survey will be undertaken by the stair lift manufacturer / supplier.

11.0 VERTICAL CIRCULATION

11.2 STAIR LIFT


z Stair lift versus through floor lift. z Clear approach to landing areas. z Design of stairwell may determine lift utilized z Straight flight most cost effective

Critical Lift Dimensions

A Width of stair (900mm minimum)

B Landing space top and bottom

C Pitch of stairs

Technical Considerations

z Positioning of doors on hall / landing. z Parking for lift. z Wiring / positioning of meter. z Cost – installation

- maintenance z Stairs to remain unobstructed for other

users.

z Building Control approval / A relaxation may be needed due to the restriction in the width

of the stair.

B

C

A

123

10. LEGISLATION

125

10.1 Legislation Relating To The

Provision Of Adaptations

10.2 The Chronically Sick and Disabled

Persons (NI) Act 1978

10.3 The Disabled Persons Act (NI) 1989

10.4 The Manual Handling Operations

Regulations 1992

10.5 The NHS and Community Care Act 1990

10.6 The Housing (NI) Order 1992 S 52.1

126

Chapter 10 Legislation


10.1 Legislation Relating To The Provision Of Adaptations

10.1.2 There has been a considerable increase in legislation relating to housing for people with disabilities in recent years.

10.1.3 The general trends in recent legislation are:

x empowerment of disabled people, with greater rights of access to assessments for housing adaptations

x promotion of the person’s own home as a desirable environment of care for people, to include people with the most complex disabilities

x greater consideration for the needs of carers in assisting a person with a disability

x promotion of health and safety, as regards lifting and handling, in domestic settings

10.1.4 A summary of the main legislation which applies to housing adaptations is provided below.

10.2 The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons (NI) Act 1978

10.2.1 Section 1 requires the DHSS to identify people with disabilities and to assess their needs. The Health and Social Services Boards have a duty to tell people with disabilities about the range of services they are able to provide.

10.2.2 Section 2 makes provision of assistance for people with disabilities in arranging for the carrying out of any works of adaptation in their home or “the provision of any additional facilities designed to secure his greater safety, comfort or convenience.”

10.3 The Disabled Persons Act (NI) 1989

10.3.1 Section 4 reinforces the duty upon Health and Social Services Boards to assess, on request, the needs of disabled

127


people with a view to providing any of the services listed in Section 2 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled persons Act.

10.3.2 Section 8 requires Health and Social Services Boards, when assessing the needs of people with disabilities, to have regard to the ability of his / her carer to continue to provide care on a regular basis. These rights have been reinforced in the Carers (Recognition and Services) Act 1995. Although this legislation was not enacted in N. Ireland the principles form the basis of policy and good practice.

10.3.3 Section 9 requires Health and Social Services Trusts to provide as much information as possible on services that can be provided.

10.4 The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

10.4.1 Where a disabled person needs personal assistance to move within the home, an ergonomic assessment of this situation is required. Provision of moving and handling equipment may be required as a result of this assessment.

10.4.2 The effect of this legislation on housing adaptations has been an increase in the provision of more complex moving and handling equipment in the home. Consideration of the space needed for carers to use such equipment safely is required. Housing adaptation specifications sometimes need to be enhanced as a result of this legislation.

10.5 The NHS and Community Care Act 1990

10.5.1 The above legislation was not enacted in N. Ireland. The DHSS policy guidance paper People First: Community Care in N. Ireland in the 1990s, however sets down the principles of community care in N. Ireland.

10.5.2 One of the key concepts of this legislation is to ensure that vulnerable people would be facilitated to remain in, or return to their own home or community.

128


10.5.3 The policy was intended to promote the development of domiciliary, day care and respite services to enable people to remain in their own homes whenever possible. As a result, people who traditionally have been cared for in nursing homes are increasingly supported in their own home where practicable. The impact of this policy on home adaptations is considerable, in that on occasion the client’s own home might need substantial facilities to provide high levels of personal care.

10.6 The Housing (NI) Order 1992 S 52.1

10.6.1 This legislation established the current NIHE grants system in N. Ireland. Within this legislation the NIHE liaises with Health and Social Services Trusts (Generally Occupational Therapy services) to identify that “relevant works are necessary and appropriate to meet the needs of the disabled occupant”. The NIHE Grants service identifies what work is “reasonable and practicable” in the particular home. This legislation is currently under review.

129