INCONVENIENT BUT TRUETHE UNRELENTING GLOBAL TRADE IN ELEPHANT IVORY

Report Prepared for the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES3rd-15th June 2007,The Hague

Picture of ivory seized in Sierra Leone © Government of Sierra Leone

Report Compiled By:The Born Free Foundation

With contributions from and on behalf of the Species Survival Network ElephantWorking Group:Africa Kambe Shumpei Fellowship,Animal Welfare Institute, Born Free USA, Care for the WildInternational, Co-habitat, David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, Environmental InvestigationAgency, Humane Society of the United States, Humane Society International, International Fundfor Animal Welfare, International Wildlife Coalition, Japan Wildlife Conservation Society, MaasaiEnvironmental Resource Coalition, National Council of Societies for the Prevention of Crueltyto Animals, Orangutan Foundation International, Pro Wildlife, Robin des Bois, Royal Society forthe Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Save the Elephants,Wildlife Action Group,Wildlife Protection Society of India,Wildlife Trust of India,World Society for the Protection of Animals.

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Contents Page 1. Acknowledgements 3 2. Executive Summary 4 3. Introduction 6 4. Summary of CoP14 Elephant Proposals 6 5. Overview of Seizures since CoP13 & Analysis of Seizure Data 8 6. Elephant Poaching 9 7. Domestic Ivory Markets and the Price of Ivory 10 8. Discussion and Conclusion 11 9. Recommendations 12 APPENDIX A: Seizure and Poaching data tables 14

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1.0 Acknowledgements Members of the Elephant Working Group of the Species Survival Network include: Africa Kambe Shumpei Fellowship: Email: kambe@africaonline.co.ke Animal Defenders: www.ad-international.org Animal Welfare Institute: www.awionline.org Born Free Foundation: www.bornfree.org.uk Born Free USA: www.bornfreeusa.org Care for the Wild International: www.careforthewild.org Co-Habitat: Email: heffs@onetel.net.uk David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation: www.davidshepherd.org Environmental Investigation Agency: www.eia-international.org Humane Society of the United States: www.hsus.org Humane Society International: www.hsi.org International Fund for Animal Welfare: www.ifaw.org International Wildlife Coalition: www.iwc.org Japan Wildlife Conservation Society: www.jwcs.org Maasai Environmental Resource Coalition: www.maasaierc.org National Council of Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: www.nspca.org Orangutan Foundation International: www.orangutan.org Pro Wildlife: www.prowildlife.de Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: www.rspca.org Save the Elephants: www.save-the-elephants.org Wildlife Action Group: www.wag.co.za Wildlife Protection Society of India: www.wpsi-india.org Wildlife Trust of India: www.wildlifetrustofindia.org World Society for the Protection of Animals: www.wspa-international.org

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2.0 Executive Summary The illegal trade in elephant ivory (and in some cases the legal trade) continues to seriously threaten many wild elephant populations. The Species Survival Network (SSN) Elephant Working Group database on elephant ivory seizures contains records indicating that between 1998 and 2007 at least 176,695kg (176 tonnes) of ivory was seized. This represents the death of more than 26,674 elephants. Since CoP13 alone, 47,225.92kg of ivory have been seized, an increase of 48% as compared to the interval between the 12th and 13th meetings of the Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP12 and CoP13). Despite these alarming statistics, there are proposals at CoP14 calling for the resumption of a legal commercial trade in ivory which, in effect, represents a lifting of the ivory trade ban. Although CoP14 Proposals 4 and 5, submitted by Botswana and Botswana/Namibia respectively, imply that illegal ivory trade is no longer a significant enough threat to African elephant populations to warrant retention of the ban, in reality the evidence clearly shows otherwise. This report presents a compilation of this evidence—ivory prices and seizures of illegal ivory are on the increase, there are burgeoning domestic ivory markets and elephant populations are under threat. No ivory trade should be considered while the threats from illegal trade remain. If you are interested in finding out more about the SSN Elephant Working Group, please contact SSN. Email: info@ssn.org SSN would like to thank all those government agencies, non-governmental organisations and individuals for their contributions to this report 2.0 Resumen Ejecutivo El tráfico de marfil de elefante (y en algunos casos el comercio legalizado), continua amenazando seriamente a numerosas poblaciones silvestres de elefantes. La base de datos sobre decomisos de marfil del Grupo de Trabajo en Elefantes, del Species survival Network (SSN), contiene registros que indican que entre 1998 y 2007 fueron decomisados al menos 176,695kg (176 toneladas métricas) de marfil. Esto representa la muerte de más de 26,674 elefantes. Tan sólo desde la CdP13, 47,225.92kg de marfil han sido decomisados, representando un incremento de 48% en comparación con el intervalo entre las 12a y 13a Conferencias de las Partes de la CITES (CdP12 y CdP13). Pese a estos preocupantes estadísticos, hay propuestas para la CdP14 que buscan la re-apertura del comercio de marfil, la cual, en efecto, representaría levantar la moratoria. Pese a que las Propuestas 4 y 5 a la CdP14, sometidas por Botswana y Botswana/Namibia respectivamente, implicando que el comercio ilegal de marfil ya no es una amenaza significativa para las poblaciones de elefante Africano como para sostener la moratoria, en realidad la evidencia muestra claramente lo contrario. Este informe presenta una compilación de esta evidencia—precios y decomisos de marfil ilegal están incrementando, existen fervientes mercados domésticos de marfil y las poblaciones de elefantes están amenazadas. Mientras las amenazas provenientes del tráfico persistan, no se debiera considerar comerciar marfil. Si Ud está interesado(a) en informarse más sobre el Grupo de Trabajo del SSN sobre Elefantes, favor contactar al SSN. E-mail: info@ssn.org El SSN quisiera agradecer a todas las agencias gubernamentales, organizaciones no gubernamentales e individuos que han contribuido para desarrollar este informe.

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2.0 Résumé Sommaire Le commerce illicite (et dans certains cas le commerce licite) de l’ivoire continue à menacer sérieusement beaucoup de populations sauvages d’éléphants. La Base de Données sur les Saisies d’Ivoire d’Eléphant du Groupe de Travail du Réseau pour la Survie des Espèces (Species Survival Network ou SSN) sur l’Eléphant comprend des informations qui indiquent qu’entre 1998 et 2007 au moins 176,695 kg (176 tonnes) d’ivoire ont été saisis. Cela représente la mort de plus de 26,674 éléphants. Depuis seulement la CdP13, 48% d’ivoire ont été saisis, une augmentation de 47,225.92kg l’on fait la comparaison avec le laps de temps écoulé entre la 12ième et la 13ième réunion de la Conférence des Parties à la CITES (CdP12 et CdP13). En dépit de ces statistiques alarmantes, des propositions soumises à la CdP14 en appellent à la reprise du commerce licite de l’ivoire ce qui, en pratique, en revient à la levée de l’interdiction du commerce de l’ivoire. Bien que les Propositions CoP14 Prop. 4 et 5 respectivement soumises par le Botswana et par le Botswana et la Namibie suggèrent que le commerce illicite de l’ivoire ne constitue plus une menace suffisamment considérable pour les populations d’éléphants africains pour justifier la retenue de l’interdiction, en réalité les preuves disponibles démontrent clairement le contraire. Ce rapport présente une compilation de ces preuves – les prix de l’ivoire et les saisies d’ivoire illicite sont en augmentation, il y a des marchés intérieurs florissants, et les populations d’éléphants sont menacées. Aucun commerce d’ivoire ne devrait être envisagé tant que les menaces posées par le commerce illicite persistent. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur le Groupe de Travail du SSN sur l’Eléphant, contactez s’il vous plaît le SSN. Email : info@ssn.org Le SSN souhaite remercier toutes les administrations gouvernementales, les organisations non-gouvernementales, et les individus qui ont contribué à ce rapport.

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3.0 Introduction Elephant conservation and the international trade in ivory have been extensively debated at CITES meetings. Indeed, elephants have been on the agenda of every meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES since well before the African elephant was listed in Appendix I of CITES in 1989. Although a number of resolutions, amendments and provisions relating to elephants have been adopted by the Parties since then, the ban on open commercial trade in elephant ivory remains in effect. The massive scale of elephant poaching during the 1970’s and 1980’s was significantly reduced by the Appendix I listing. Nevertheless, the seemingly insatiable demand for elephant ivory continues to pose a very real threat to many wild elephant populations, as evidenced by significant ongoing seizures of ivory around the world. More ivory has been seized in the last two years than in any other two-year period since 1998. Recent very large seizures of ivory, with increasing market prices, indicate a resurgence of demand since CoP13. There are three elephant proposals on the agenda at CoP14 (see section 5). Two of these, from Botswana and Botswana/Namibia, are seeking permission from the CITES Parties to relax the ivory trade ban substantially, while a third, from Kenya and Mali, asks for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory and for the deletion of the annotations permitting Namibia and Zimbabwe to export ivory carvings for non-commercial purposes and Zimbabwe to export hunting trophies. SSN’s position is that no ivory trade should be allowed while illegal trade and poaching remain a significant threat to wild elephant populations. The SSN Elephant Working Group has been proactively collecting data on ivory seizures and elephant poaching since 1998, in order to provide CITES Parties with accurate and accessible information to assist their decisions on elephant proposals at CITES meetings. This document contains a detailed report of SSN’s findings. The SSN EWG recognises that its database of seizures represents just a small proportion of the actual illegal trade, particularly when considering that customs officers are generally expected to intercept no more than 10 to 15% of illegal products in international trade. It is clear that there is still much that needs to be achieved before any resumption in ivory trade can be authorised by the Parties. 4.0 Summary of CoP14 Proposals Proposal 4 (Botswana and Namibia). This proposal recommends the replacement of the existing annotations for the elephant populations of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, to allow unlimited commercial trade in raw ivory under the conditions of Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev. CoP12), to Parties certified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the CITES Standing Committee. Proposal 5 (Botswana). This proposal requests amendment of the annotation for the Botswana elephant population, to allow annual commercial trade in registered stocks of raw ivory (whole tusks and pieces of not more than 8 tonnes in total), and a one-off sale of 40 tonnes of raw ivory, to Parties certified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the CITES Standing Committee. The amended annotation additionally includes trade in hunting trophies for non-commercial purposes; trade in hides for commercial purposes; trade in leather goods for commercial purposes and trade in live animals for commercial purposes to appropriate and acceptable destinations. Proposal 6 and Working Document 53.4 (Kenya and Mali): This proposal requests amendment of the elephant annotations for Botswana, South Africa and Namibia to include a provision for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, except for hunting trophies and the one-off sales of ivory conditionally approved at CoP12, and removal of the provision allowing non-commercial trade in ekipas for Namibia. The proposal additionally includes amendment of the annotation for the population of Zimbabwe, including a provision for a 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, and removing the provision allowing trade in

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ivory carvings for non-commercial purposes. Working Document 53.4 supports Proposal 6, proposing amendments to Resolution Conf. 10.10. A fourth proposal, from Tanzania, which requested trade in up to 100 tonnes of ivory, has been withdrawn. Table 1 – A History of CITES and Elephants

Date Activity 1975

All international commercial trade in Asian elephant ivory becomes illegal after all Asian elephants are listed on Appendix I. The international commercial trade in ivory from African elephants remains legal.

1979 - 1989

The continental population of the African elephant declines from an estimated 1.3 million to approximately 600,000 following massive poaching, with tusks from poached elephants entering, and indeed dominating, the supposedly well-regulated legal ivory trade.

1989

CoP7: All African elephant populations are listed on Appendix I. The ban on all international commercial trade in ivory and other elephant products comes into effect in 1990.

1992 CoP8: Proposals by Botswana, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe to transfer their populations to Appendix II are withdrawn.

1994 CoP9: Proposals by Sudan and South Africa to transfer their populations to Appendix II are withdrawn.

1997 CoP10: The African elephant populations of Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia are transferred to Appendix II. An experimental one-off export of not more than 58.1 tonnes of raw ivory from the government-held ivory stockpiles of these countries to a single buyer, Japan, is approved.

1999 The one-off ivory export to Japan takes place.

2000 CoP11: Proposals for further trade in ivory are submitted by Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe but are withdrawn during the CoP. A proposal to transfer the African elephant population of South Africa from Appendix I to Appendix II is approved but no ivory export is permitted. A joint proposal by Kenya and India to transfer all African elephant populations on Appendix II to Appendix I is withdrawn.

2002 CoP12: Proposals for another one-off trade in ivory are submitted by Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Proposals to export specific quantities of raw ivory from government-held stockpiles in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa are approved, subject to certain conditions being addressed to the satisfaction of the Standing Committee. Proposals from Zambia and Zimbabwe are rejected. A proposal by Kenya and India to transfer all African elephant populations on Appendix II back to Appendix I is withdrawn during the CoP.

2004 CoP13: A proposal for annual export of 2,000kg of raw ivory, and unlimited export of worked ivory for commercial purposes is submitted by Namibia. The proposal is not approved. However, trade in “individually marked and certified ivory ekipas (traditional carvings) incorporated in finished jewellery for non-commercial purposes” is approved.

Oct 2006 The Standing Committee approves Japan as trading partner. However, the Secretariat is directed to provide an update on the situation in Japan at SC55, bringing to the attention of the Committee any reason for reviewing Japan as a designated trading partner. No decision is taken on China as a trading partner. Parties agree that MIKE baseline data are not yet complete, a requirement before the one-off sales conditionally approved at CoP12 can go ahead.

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5.0 Overview of Seizures Since CoP13 and Analysis of Seizure Data The SSN Elephant Working Group database (provided in Appendix A) contains records of ivory seizures dating from 1998 to the present. Three reports summarizing the contents of the database have been published for previous meetings of the CITES CoP. The ,most recent report, The Tip of the Tusk, produced for CoP13 in 2003, documented that between 1998 and 2004, 95.3 tonnes of ivory had been reported seized. This amount of ivory was estimated to represent the death of more than 15,000 elephants. The SSN Elephant Working Group database now contains records, since 1998, of the seizure of 164,091kg (164 tonnes) of ivory and 3,425 tusks. Using an average tusk weight of 3.68kg per tusk (Hunter et al. 2004), 3,425 tusks equates to 12,604kg. This brings the total quantity of ivory seized since 1998 to 176,695kg In addition, the database contains details of more than 45,000 unweighed items of ivory (both carvings and pieces of raw ivory). Since CoP13, there has been a significant increase in the number of large ivory seizures (>250kg). In total, 47,225.92kg have been seized since CoP13. This is 48% more than in any other two-year period since 1998 - indicating that the demand for ivory is growing in consumer countries. The table below provides a brief summary of some of these very large seizures:

Date of Seizure

Country Weight of ivory in kilograms

No. of tusks Origin of ivory

Reference / Notes

December 2004

Vietnam 800 Not specified LATF (Nov 2006)

April 2005 Ethiopia 500 Not specified TRAFFIC (December 2005)

July 2005

Zimbabwe 1,000 (72) Zimbabwe AC22 Doc 5.1; (The Herald (6 July 2005); SC54 Doc 26.1 (Rev. 1)

July 2005 Zambia 377 (23) Not specified LATF (Nov 2006) August 2005 Republic of

Congo 256 Not specified SABC News

(August 2005) September 2005

Philippines 6,000 Zambia Xinhuanet (January 2006)

September 2005

Philippines 286 Kenya Confidential Source

September 2005

Philippines 472 Uganda Confidential Source

September 2005

Cameroon 0 91 Republic of Congo

The Last Great Ape Organisation

January 2006 Tanzania 23 tusks Tanzania LATF (Nov 2006) May 2006 China 1,800 Not specified Confidential

Source May 2006 Hong Kong SAR 3,900 Cameroon Ireland Online

(June 2006) May 2006 Zimbabwe 7,000* (reportedly

destined for China)

Sunday Times (July 2006)

July 2006 Taiwan 3,060 Tanzania Daily News (July 2006)

July 2006 Taiwan 2,158 Tanzania The China Post (July 2006)

August 2006 Japan 3,000 The Asahi Shimbun (October 2006)

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6.0 Elephant Poaching Based on the quantity of ivory reported as seized, and assuming an illegal ivory detection rate of 10-15%, it has been estimated that between 20,000 and 23,000 elephants have been poached annually since CoP13 (CoP14 Doc. 53.4; Wasser et al. 2007). Reports documenting threats to elephants from poaching for ivory, in particular recent reports describing threats to forest elephants in Central Africa, are of critical importance and must be seriously considered during the elephant debates at CoP14. These reports include: - Forest Elephant Crisis in the Congo Basin (Blake et al.); a MIKE project, this report describes the serious threat to forest elephants in the Congo basin from hunting for ivory and stresses the importance of including forest elephants in continental elephant management plans. - Caught in the Crossfire (Mubalama and Bashigg, 2006); documents a serious threat facing the forest elephants of Kahuzi Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The report states: ‘elephants in the KBNP [Kahuzi Biega National Park] are facing a severe and unprecedented crisis’. - Ivory Wars – Last Stand in Zakouma (Fay, 2007); documents widespread and uncontrolled poaching in and around Zakouma National Park in Chad. Hundreds of elephants are reported to have been killed in just one year. The President of Chad recently burned an ivory stockpile of 1.83 tonnes to protest the widespread poaching of his country’s elephants. - An aerial reconnaissance of Garamba National Park (Merode et al., 2005) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, found that poaching had reduced elephant numbers to just 1,202 (down from more than 10,000 in 1995). Although a 2006 World Heritage Site Mission (Shepperd and Debonnet, 2006) revealed more encouraging results, the stability of the Park, an important habitat for forest elephants, remains a critical concern. The IUCN African Elephant Status Report 2007 (IUCN AfESG, 2007) documents significant losses of elephant populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Niger, Nigeria, and Malawi. Population surveys in Zimbabwe in 2006 revealed notable increases in elephant mortality since the previous survey in 2001 in two of the four major populations. “A 2.5 fold increase in the number of dead elephants” was observed in the Sebungwe area, for which illegal killing was at least partly responsible; in Northwest Matabeleland, a partial survey revealed “a considerable increase in the carcass ratio (i.e. the proportion of dead to dead plus live elephant elephants), from 3.2% in 2001 to 5.6% in 2006”; tusks were missing in 90% of dead elephants found (IUCN AfESG, 2007). The threat facing Elephas maximus, the Asian elephant, is of equal concern. Although the IUCN African Elephant Specialist Group provides detailed surveys of the elephant populations in Africa, comparatively very little information on elephant populations in Asia is available. Elephas maximus was last surveyed by the IUCN redlist team in 1996. Reports of Asian elephant poaching, although often on a smaller scale than poaching in African range states, are perhaps even more worrying in the absence of being able to assess their impact on the overall population. SSN encourages Asian elephant range States to make elephant surveying a priority.

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7.0 Domestic Ivory Markets and the Price of Ivory An Action Plan for the control of trade in African elephant ivory was adopted by the Parties at CoP13 in 2004. This Action Plan requires all African elephant range States to take urgent action regarding unregulated domestic ivory markets and the control of illegal trade in ivory across their respective borders. The Action Plan also directs these Parties to submit progress reports to the Secretariat for consideration by the Standing Committee. At the 53rd and 54th meetings of the Standing Committee it was noted that a number of African countries had yet to submit progress reports, with 18 countries failing to do so by the 54th meeting. Widespread disappointment has been expressed about this lack of commitment. The illegal ivory trade is very fluid, and control measures need to be overarching, encompassing all areas, in order to prevent the illegal trade from simply migrating to places in which it is easier to operate. A number of reports concerning domestic ivory markets have been published since CoP13. These have revealed the following: • Egypt – 10,709 ivory items were seen on sale during a 2005 investigation. The report

indicates that prices for raw tusks was as much as $345, an amount that is 200-250% higher than for comparable tusks in surveys conducted in 1998 and 1999. Additionally, retail prices for worked ivory were found to be from 2 to 4 times that of late 1998 (Martin and Milliken 2005).

• China – reports indicated June 2006 prices to be US$560-750 per kg, representing a

threefold increase since 2004. 298 ivory dealers were found to be operating illegally in 9 cities surveyed, and one-third of traders were found not to be in compliance with China’s domestic regulations governing trade in ivory. Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan were reported to be the main transit points for smuggled ivory into mainland China (IFAW 2006).

• Tibet Autonomous Region – Ivory goods were found to be openly on sale in 24 shops

during a 10 day survey in Lhasa. Investigators were informed that the ivory mainly originated from Thailand and India. However, African ivory was also available (Environmental Investigation Agency and Wildlife Protection Society of India, 2006).

• Europe – 27,000 ivory products were seen on sale in five different European countries

(Save the Elephants and Care for the Wild International, 2005). • Angola – Over 1.5 tonnes of worked ivory products were found during an investigation,

and trade was reported to have rapidly expanded between 2004 and 2005 (Miliken, Pole and Huongo, 2006).

• Mozambique – 3,254 items were found on sale in 2005, at least double the amount

previously found in 2002. Almost 20% of the ivory products found were on sale in the departure lounge of the airport (Miliken, Pole and Huongo, 2006).

• Sudan – a 2005 report found 11,000 ivory items on sale in 50 shops. The report also

indicates that the price for ivory has doubled in the past two years (Martin, 2005). • Thailand – Reported to be the largest retail market for ivory souvenirs in south and

south-east Asia (Martin and Stiles, 2002). During a 2006 investigation, 27,230 ivory items were found on sale in Bangkok during January and March 2006 (TRAFFIC/WWF 2006).

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• Japan - a 2007 report indicates the wholesale price of ivory on the Japanese black market at $850 per kilogram. This is 4 times the price in 2004 (ScienceNOW Daily News, 2007).

• Namibia – A 2006 survey visited 21 jewellery shops in Windhoek and Swakopmund. 740

ekipas were found on sale, none of which had identifying marks. No evidence of the “control systems” promised by Namibia at CoP13 were found (Reeve and Pope, 2006).

8.0 Discussion and Conclusions 8.1 Illegal Trade Given the significant scale of ivory seizures, the increasing price of ivory on the illegal market, and reports of widespread elephant poaching, SSN believes it would be inappropriate for the CITES Parties to approve even a partial lifting of the ban on commercial trade in elephant ivory. It is clear from the very large seizures over the past two years that organised criminal groups are actively exporting illegal ivory from Africa to Asia. Although SSN recognises and congratulates the efforts that have been made by CITES Parties thus far to improve enforcement, SSN believes that much more needs to be achieved before any further legal trade can be considered. The impact of a further increase in poaching cannot be underestimated. The majority of elephant populations are small and fragmented - some national populations are already on the brink of being eliminated entirely. Any increased pressure on those extremely fragile populations as a potential result of any approval in commercial trade could be a serious threat to their survival. The Accra Declaration (2006), signed by 19 African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Southern Sudan, Togo and Uganda), highlights the fact that many African nations support retaining the ban on commercial trade in elephant ivory. There are 57 elephant range states across Africa and Asia, all of which – including Asian elephant range States -- should be consulted before making decisions about trade. 8.2 One-off Sales Approved in 2002 At CoP12 in 2002, the Parties approved a one-off sale of not more than 60 tonnes of stockpiled ivory, from South Africa (30,000kg), Botswana (20,000kg) and Namibia (10,000kg). This trade has not yet taken place, as the conditions have yet to be met to the satisfaction of the CITES Standing Committee. These conditions are:

i) only registered government-owned stocks, originating in the State (excluding seized ivory and ivory of

unknown origin) and, in the case of South Africa, only ivory originating from the Kruger National Park;

ii) only to trading partners that have been verified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the Standing Committee, to have sufficient national legislation and domestic trade controls to ensure that the imported ivory will not be re-exported and will be managed in accordance with all requirements of Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev CoP12) concerning domestic manufacturing and trade;

iii) not before the Secretariat has verified the prospective importing countries, and the MIKE programme has reported to the Secretariat on the baseline information (e.g. elephant population numbers, incidence of illegal killing);

iv) a maximum of 20,000kg (Botswana), 10,000kg (Namibia) and 30,000kg (South Africa) of ivory may be traded, and despatched in a single shipment under strict supervision of the Secretariat;

v) the proceeds of the trade are used exclusively for elephant conservation and community conservation and development programmes within or adjacent to the elephant range; and

vi) only after the Standing Committee has agreed that the above conditions have been met.

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These conditions will be discussed at the 55th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee on 2nd June 2007, one day before CoP14 begins. If these one-off sales are approved by the Standing Committee, sufficient time should be set aside, to enable Parties to monitor the effects of the sales before any further trade can be considered by the Parties. 8.3 Proposed Ivory Moratorium The 20-year moratorium on commercial trade in ivory, as proposed by Kenya and Mali (CoP14 Proposal 6) would provide CITES Parties the necessary time to tighten up enforcement on illegal ivory trade and to implement the ivory Action Plan approved at CoP13. The information outlined in this report describes how critical such a moratorium could be. Although concerns have been expressed about the ‘legality’ of a 20-year moratorium under CITES, SSN believes that such a moratorium is legal under, and consistent with, the Convention. Any proposal under Article XV to amend the Appendices would still be scrutinised in terms of the existing annotations, and a provision for a moratorium would have no more legal force than any other such provision. It does not prevent further proposals for trade, but makes it less likely that Parties will adopt them (for more details see SSN Response to the Secretariat’s Assessments). 8.4 Inconsistency of Reporting SSN remains seriously concerned about the ability of the MIKE programme to alert Parties about escalating elephant poaching in Africa and Asia. Poaching is getting worse, and thus far MIKE has rung no warning bells. Currently it is almost impossible to construct a true and accurate record as reporting from countries is largely inconsistent. It is unacceptable that more than 45,000 items of ivory contained within the SSN database are reported as unweighed. If we estimate that each ‘item’ seized weighed just 0.1kg, then there is potentially another 4,500kg of ivory which is currently not being adequately accounted for. Harmonisation of reporting is essential if we are to truly understand the scale of the illegal trade in elephant ivory, and SSN asks the CITES Parties to take steps to ensure this critical issue is resolved. 9.0 Recommendations • No proposals for further trade in ivory should be approved while the illegal

ivory trade threatens elephant populations and while organised criminal networks, still not fully understood by enforcement authorities, continue to operate.

• Parties should adopt the 20-year moratorium on commercial ivory trade contained in Proposal 6 in order to take action against escalating illegal ivory trade, enable Parties to enhance enforcement efforts, raise awareness, enable elephant populations to recover, and implement the ivory Action Plan adopted at CoP13.

• Should the one-off sales from CoP12 be approved at the 55th meeting of the Standing Committee, a designated amount of time must be allocated before any further trade can be considered by the Parties in order to enable the effects of such as sale to be determined, and for MIKE to be refined accordingly.

• Those African range States yet to provide a report on their domestic markets in accordance with the Action Plan adopted at CoP13, should do so as a matter of priority.

• Particular attention should be paid by CITES Parties to the fragility of forest elephant populations when making any decisions concerning elephants at CoP14.

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• Parties should seriously consider proposing and adopting a Resolution that requires all Parties to harmonise methods of reporting, including weighing and counting any ivory seized, in order that a more complete picture of the illegal trade in ivory can be assembled.

References Cited Blake, S. et al (2007) Forest Elephant Crisis in the Congo Basin. PLoS Biol 5(4) http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050111 Environmental Investigation Agency (2006) Ivory Trade Flourishing in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Environmental Investigation Agency, London, U.K. Hunter, N., Martin, E. and Miliken, T. (2004) Determining the number of elephants required to supply current unregulated ivory markets in Africa and Asia. Pachyderm 36: p116 - 128. Martin, E (2005) Large Quantities of Illegal Ivory for Sale in Sudan. Care for the Wild International. Published in West Sussex, UK. Martin, E. & Stiles, D. (2005) The Ivory Markets of Europe. Save the Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya and Care for the Wild International. Published in West Sussex, UK. Martin, E. and Miliken, T. (2005). No Oasis: The Egyptian Ivory Trade in 2005. TRAFFIC Online Report Series No. 10. Miliken, T., Pole and Huongo (2006) No Peace for Elephants: Unregulated Domestic Ivory Markets in Mozambique and Angola. TRAFFIC Online Report Series No. 11. Mubalama, L. & Bashigg, E. (2006) Caught in the Crossfire: the forest elephant and law enforcement in a region of political instability, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Pachyderm 40: p69 – 79. R. Reeve and S. Pope (2006) Elephants and ivory trade in Namibia. David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation. Wasser et al (2007) Using DNA to track the origin of the largest ivory seizures since the 1989 trade ban. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0609714104v1

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d Se

ptem

ber

2000

in B

icua

r NP

Pana

fric

an

New

s A

genc

y (S

epte

mbe

r 200

0)

Ove

r 1.

5 to

nnes

wor

ked

ivor

y pr

oduc

ts fo

und

on sa

le (2

005)

TR

AFF

IC (2

005)

Ang

ola

Rep

ort

that

the

airp

ort

bein

g us

ed f

or t

he i

llega

l tra

ffic

of

ivor

y tu

sks (

from

199

0)

Peop

le’s

Dai

ly O

nlin

e (M

ay 2

001)

Ban

glad

esh

Rep

ort

that

B

angl

ades

h’s

elep

hant

po

pula

tion

unde

r se

rious

thre

at f

rom

lo

cal e

xtin

ctio

n (2

007)

The

New

Nat

ion

(Feb

ruar

y 20

07)

Ben

in

Car

ving

s se

en

on

sale

, Sh

erat

on,

Cot

onou

(M

arch

20

01)

Pers

com

m: I

an R

edm

ond,

(200

1)

Bhu

tan

B

huta

n M

anag

emen

t A

utho

rity

repo

rt no

seiz

ures

. 4;

Cho

be N

atio

nal P

ark

(200

2)

Bot

swan

a D

aily

New

s (Ju

ne 2

002)

16

; Cho

be N

atio

nal P

ark

(200

1)

Pers

C

omm

: D

r Pa

ula

Kah

umbu

(F

ebru

ary

2002

) 11

; (19

99)

CIT

ES D

oc 1

1.31

.1

7; (1

998)

C

ITES

Doc

11.

31.1

1 tu

sk

/ 6.

1kg;

Fr

anci

stow

n (F

eb 2

007)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e

36

tus

ks (

Janu

ary

– N

ovem

ber

2005

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6 (K

enya

and

Mal

i)

Bot

swan

a

18

tusk

s (20

04)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

(Ken

ya a

nd M

ali)

14

15

13

tusk

s (20

03)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

(Ken

ya a

nd M

ali)

Not

e: it

is u

ncle

ar w

heth

er th

is in

clud

es th

e 6

tusk

s se

ized

in M

arch

200

3. T

he 6

tusk

s ha

ve

ther

efor

e be

en

rem

oved

fr

om

the

final

ca

lcul

atio

n.

6

tusk

s / 2

5kg;

sei

zed

at b

orde

r po

sts (

Mar

ch 2

003)

Dep

artm

ent

of C

usto

ms

and

Exci

se,

Rep

ublic

of B

otsw

ana

(Jun

e 20

04)

2

tusk

s;

Cho

be

Fore

stry

R

eser

ve (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

B

otsw

ana

Dai

ly

New

s O

nlin

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

Bru

nei D

arus

sala

m

N

o se

izur

es re

porte

d

Bru

nei C

ITES

MA

(Sep

tem

ber

2002

) B

urki

na F

aso

12; s

ince

199

7

C

ount

ry R

epor

t to

Ele

phan

t R

ange

St

ates

Mee

ting

(Aug

ust 2

002)

1;

R

atta

naki

ri Pr

ovin

ce

((M

arch

20

07)

Ass

ocia

ted

Pres

s (M

arch

200

7)

2;

(unc

onfir

med

); Ph

nom

Sa

mko

s (2

001)

Ph

nom

Pen

h Po

st (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

2; P

hnom

Sam

kos W

ildlif

e Sa

nctu

ary

(Aug

ust 2

001)

Ph

nom

Pen

h Po

st (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

26; K

oh K

ong/

Purs

at P

rovi

nce

(May

20

00 –

Oct

ober

200

1)

Cat

A

ctio

n Tr

easu

ry

Rep

ort

(Dec

embe

r 200

1)

6; C

arda

mom

mou

ntai

ns (

Dec

embe

r 20

00)

Age

nce

Fran

ce-P

ress

e (D

ecem

ber

2000

) 4;

199

9

C

ITES

Doc

11.

31.1

6;

199

8

C

ITES

Doc

11.

31.1

Cam

bodi

a

1,77

3 ite

ms;

inc

ludi

ng c

arve

d tu

sks,

foun

d in

59

shop

s in

2

tow

ns (M

arch

200

1)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y m

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Save

th

e El

epha

nts

(200

2)

6; L

ibon

go (J

une

2003

)

La

st

Gre

at

Ape

O

rgan

isat

ion

(Oct

ober

200

3)

84; B

ayan

g M

bo a

rea

(200

2 –

2004

)

R

epor

t of

th

e C

ITES

A

fric

an

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Mar

ch 2

004)

Cam

eroo

n

150;

Du

Dja

(199

8)

Rep

ort

of

the

CIT

ES

Afr

ican

C

onsu

ltativ

e M

eetin

g (M

arch

200

4)

16

140;

in

ar

ea

60km

ra

dius

Lo

mie

(1

998/

1999

)

C

onfid

entia

l co

mm

ent

to

BFF

(M

arch

200

0)

62

kg; (

Mar

ch 2

007)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

60

kg; (

Dec

embe

r 200

6)

La

st G

reat

Ape

Org

anis

atio

n (2

007)

7kg;

(Aug

ust 2

006)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

4k

g; (J

uly

2006

)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

60

kg; (

May

200

6)

La

st G

reat

Ape

Org

anis

atio

n (2

007)

1 tu

sk /

8kg

; B

amen

da (

May

20

06)

A

ll A

fric

a.co

m (M

ay 2

006)

3k

g; (A

pril

2006

)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

3k

g an

d 5k

g; (N

ovem

ber 2

005)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

98

tusk

s; S

angm

elim

a (S

epte

mbe

r 200

5)

La

st

Gre

at

Ape

O

rgan

isat

ion

(Sep

tem

ber 2

005)

5kg;

(Jun

e 20

05)

La

st G

reat

Ape

Org

anis

atio

n (2

007)

3kg;

(Mar

ch 2

005)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

4.

5kg;

(Nov

embe

r 200

4)

La

st G

reat

Ape

Org

anis

atio

n (2

007)

50kg

raw

and

pro

cess

ed i

vory

; D

oual

a (N

ovem

ber 2

004)

Last

G

reat

A

pe

Org

anis

atio

n (N

ovem

ber 2

004)

3kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

11

kg; D

oual

a (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

La

st

Gre

at

Ape

O

rgan

isat

ion

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

116.

5kg;

sei

zed

from

two

ivor

y w

orks

hops

, Dou

ala

(Jul

y 20

04)

La

st

Gre

at

Ape

O

rgan

isat

ion

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

12

tu

sks;

an

d an

el

epha

nt

foot

stoo

l, D

oual

a (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

La

st

Gre

at

Ape

O

rgan

isat

ion

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

15

kg; (

Janu

ary

2004

)

Last

Gre

at A

pe O

rgan

isat

ion

(200

7)

16

kg;

Dou

ala

airp

ort

(Aug

ust

2003

)

Geo

rges

M

ounc

haro

u,

Hea

d of

El

epha

nt P

rogr

amm

e (O

ctob

er 2

003)

91kg

; Yao

unde

(May

200

3)

G

eorg

es

Mou

ncha

rou,

H

ead

of

Elep

hant

Pro

gram

me

(Oct

ober

200

3)

16

kg; T

into

(Nov

embe

r 200

2)

G

eorg

es

Mou

ncha

rou,

H

ead

of

Elep

hant

Pro

gram

me

(Oct

ober

200

3)

26

kg; D

joum

(Jul

y 20

02)

G

eorg

es

Mou

ncha

rou,

H

ead

of

Elep

hant

Pro

gram

me

(Oct

ober

200

3)

17

42

tus

ks; L

obek

e N

atio

nal P

ark

(Nov

embe

r 200

0)

Th

e In

depe

nden

t (B

angl

ades

h)

(Nov

embe

r 200

0)

6

tusk

s;

north

ern

area

of

Lo

beke

N

atio

nal

Park

(N

ovem

ber 2

000)

Th

e In

depe

nden

t (B

angl

ades

h)

(Nov

embe

r 200

0)

2

tusk

s;

Yok

adou

ma

(May

20

00)

C

hica

go T

ribun

e (M

ay 2

000)

80

0kg;

Dou

ala

(199

9)

St

op th

e C

lock

(Apr

il 20

00)

30; (

Janu

ary

– Ju

ne 2

002)

Pers

co

mm

. Pi

erre

Pf

effe

r (J

une

2002

) 20

0; (2

001)

Pe

rs

com

m.

Pier

re

Pfef

fer

(Jun

e 20

02)

400;

C

AR

/DR

C

bord

er,

betw

een

1997

and

200

2

K

arl

Am

man

/The

G

uard

ian

(May

20

02)

30-4

0 pe

r wee

k; (1

999)

Pach

yder

m I

ssue

No.

27

(Jan

uary

–

Dec

embe

r 199

9)

20

tusk

s; A

dam

a (2

002)

The

Gua

rdia

n (M

ay 2

002)

Cen

tral

A

fric

an

Rep

ublic

11

2 tu

sks (

2000

)

Stop

the

Clo

ck (A

pril

2000

) W

ides

prea

d po

achi

ng re

porte

d in

and

ar

ound

Zak

oum

a N

atio

nal P

ark.

Now

re

porte

d to

be

10,0

00 e

leph

ants

, do

wn

from

an

estim

ated

100

,000

in

the

1970

s (20

07)

Abc

new

s in

terv

iew

with

Mik

e Fa

y (M

arch

200

7)

37; (

Janu

ary

– M

arch

200

4)

The

Elep

hant

, Vol

. 10

nr. 3

(A

ugus

t 20

04)

22; (

2002

)

C

ount

ry N

atio

nal

Rep

ort;

Elep

hant

R

ange

Sta

tes M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

11; (

2001

)

C

ount

ry N

atio

nal

Rep

ort;

Elep

hant

R

ange

Sta

tes M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

15; (

2000

)

C

ount

ry N

atio

nal

Rep

ort;

Elep

hant

R

ange

Sta

tes M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

1; (1

999)

C

ount

ry N

atio

nal

Rep

ort;

Elep

hant

R

ange

Sta

tes M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

Cha

d

43; (

1998

)

C

ount

ry N

atio

nal

Rep

ort;

Elep

hant

R

ange

Sta

tes M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

18

50*;

Zak

oum

a N

P (A

pril

to A

ugus

t 20

01)

Pers

Com

m: P

ierr

e Pf

effe

r, O

ctob

er

2001

*s

ome

of th

ese

may

be

incl

uded

in

the

11 fo

r the

cou

ntry

repo

rt

11

tusk

s; (D

ecem

ber 1

999)

Stop

the

Clo

ck (A

pril

2000

)

60.7

3kg;

G

uang

zhou

(A

pril

2007

)

http

://en

glis

h.pe

ople

.com

.cn

1.

935k

g;

Shen

yang

C

usto

ms

(Apr

il 20

07)

w

ww

.LN

.XIN

HU

AN

ET.c

om

67

.45k

g; (F

ebru

ary

2007

)

ww

w.e

nglis

h.pe

ople

.com

.cn

Ori

gin

of i

vory

rep

orte

d to

be

Dem

ocra

tic

Repu

blic

of C

ongo

60

ivor

y pi

eces

/

3.7k

g;

Han

gzho

u (F

ebru

ary

2007

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

007)

21

iv

ory

item

s /

1.19

kg;

(Feb

ruar

y 20

07)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

7)

74

tus

ks /

1,80

0kg;

Zho

ngsh

an,

Gua

ndon

g (M

ay 2

006)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

17

ivor

y pi

eces

; (Ju

ne 2

006)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

2.8k

g; (M

arch

200

6)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

6)

4

ivor

y ite

ms

and

8 iv

ory

head

sc

ulpt

ures

; Bej

ing

(Jan

200

5)

B

BC

Mon

itorin

g A

sia

Spec

ific

(Jan

20

05)

62

item

s; T

ianj

in (M

ay 2

004)

Xin

hua

(May

200

4)

30

0kg;

Gua

ngzh

ou,

Gua

ndon

g Pr

ovin

ce (M

arch

200

4)

En

viro

nmen

tal I

nves

tigat

ion

Age

ncy

(Mar

ch 2

004)

92 c

arvi

ngs;

Zhe

jiang

Pro

vinc

e (J

anua

ry 2

003)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (2

003)

7k

g;

Wen

zhou

(D

ecem

ber

2002

)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (2

003)

95

kg;

Gua

ngzh

ou

Prov

ince

(A

ugus

t 200

2)

Ji

n Y

ang

Net

-Xin

K

uai

Dai

ly

(Aug

ust 2

002)

3,33

4.6k

g tu

sks;

Sh

angh

ai

(Aug

ust 2

002)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts

of

East

A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

and

Dan

iel

Stile

s /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

Chi

na

29

5 pi

eces

ra

w

ivor

y;

(Apr

il 20

02)

A

FP (A

pr 2

002)

19

76

kg; B

eijin

g (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

24

4 pi

eces

/ 3

0kg;

Wen

zhou

cu

stom

s, Zh

ejia

ng

prov

ince

(J

une

2001

)

Pe

ople

’s D

aily

Onl

ine

(Jul

y 20

01)

11

4kg;

Yun

nan

(Mar

ch 2

001)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (2

003)

250

piec

es /

40k

g; H

angz

hou

Cus

tom

s, (J

une

– A

ugus

t 200

1)

X

inhu

a (A

ugus

t 200

1)

15

33 p

iece

s; c

onfis

cate

d in

20

smug

glin

g ca

ses

by

Shan

ghai

Pu

dong

A

irpor

t C

usto

ms

(Jan

uary

– Ju

ly 2

001)

Pe

ople

’s D

aily

Onl

ine

(Sep

tem

ber

2001

)

29

5 tu

sks

/ 2,6

13.5

kg; Q

ingd

ao,

Shan

gdon

g (M

ay 2

001)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

19

No.

2

(200

2)

1,

100k

g; (2

001)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts o

f Eas

t Asi

a,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin a

nd D

anie

l Stil

es /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

*Sei

zure

loca

tion

unkn

own,

this

seiz

ure

may

th

eref

ore

be in

clud

ed in

the

13,0

00kg

seiz

ed

in B

eijin

g

13,0

00kg

; Se

ized

in

Bei

jing

in

41 se

izur

es (2

001)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts

of

East

A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

and

Dan

iel

Stile

s /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

25

pi

eces

/

123k

g;

Pudo

ng

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (O

ctob

er

2000

)

X

inhu

a (A

ugus

t 200

1)

50

7kg;

She

nzhe

n, d

isco

vere

d in

a

truck

(May

200

0)

Pe

ople

’s D

aily

Onl

ine

(May

200

0)

14

0kg

tusk

s; (2

000)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts o

f Eas

t Asi

a,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin a

nd D

anie

l Stil

es /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

Orig

in: G

abon

91

2kg

wor

ked

ivor

y;

Putia

n,

Fujia

n (S

epte

mbe

r 199

9)

A

Pr

elim

inar

y R

evie

w

on

the

Man

agem

ent

of T

rade

in

Elep

hant

Pr

oduc

ts

in

Chi

na,

CIT

ES

MA

/IFA

W

20

11

tusk

s; (S

epte

mbe

r 199

9)

Th

e Iv

ory

Mar

kets

of E

ast A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

and

Dan

iel S

tiles

/ Sa

ve th

e El

epha

nts (

2003

) O

rigin

: Mya

nmar

2,10

0kg;

(Aug

ust 1

999)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts o

f Eas

t Asi

a,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin a

nd D

anie

l Stil

es /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

Orig

in: S

outh

Afr

ica

42

4 tu

sks

/ 2,

020k

g; G

uang

xi

Prov

ince

(Jan

uary

199

9)

C

onfid

entia

l sou

rce

(200

3)

70

0kg

tusk

s, 10

2 ot

her

tusk

s, 41

2 se

mi-w

orke

d pi

eces

, 3,2

49

jew

elle

ry it

ems;

Tia

njin

(199

9)

Th

e Iv

ory

Mar

kets

of

Ea

st

Asi

a,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin a

nd D

anie

l St

iles

/ Sa

ve th

e El

epha

nts (

2003

)

8kg

tusk

s; (1

999)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts

of

East

A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

and

Dan

iel

Stile

s /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (20

03)

1,

600k

g; Z

henj

iang

por

t, G

uang

dong

pro

vinc

e (N

ovem

ber 1

998)

R

eute

rs (N

ovem

ber 1

998)

33

0 pi

eces

/ 2,

934k

g; H

uang

pu,

Gua

ngdo

ng P

rovi

nce

(199

8)

A

Pr

elim

inar

y R

evie

w

on

the

Man

agem

ent

of T

rade

in

Elep

hant

Pr

oduc

ts

in

Chi

na,

CIT

ES

MA

/IFA

W

74

4 pi

eces

/

3,02

6kg;

K

aohs

iung

Har

bour

. Se

ized

just

tw

o da

ys

afte

r th

e 2,

500k

g se

izur

e (J

uly

2006

)

TR

AFF

IC (7

th Ju

ly 2

006)

2,

500k

g; K

aohs

iung

Har

bour

. Ex

porte

d fr

om T

anza

nia,

en

rout

e to

Man

ila (J

uly

2006

)

TR

AFF

IC (7

th Ju

ly 2

006)

5

piec

es /

1kg;

(Jul

y 20

05)

TR

AFF

IC (A

ugus

t 200

5)

Not

e: se

ized

alo

ng w

ith 1

40kg

tige

r bon

es

3

tusk

s /

26kg

; K

eelu

ng (

May

20

00)

So

ciet

y fo

r W

ildlif

e an

d N

atur

e N

ewsl

ette

r, V

ol 8

No

2 (J

une

2000

)

332

tusk

s / 2

,160

kg; i

vory

from

C

amer

oon

(May

200

0)

So

ciet

y fo

r W

ildlif

e an

d N

atur

e N

ewsl

ette

r, V

ol 8

No.

2 (J

une

2000

)

Tai

wan

(RO

C)

1,

453k

g; T

aipe

i (M

arch

199

8)

R

eute

rs (A

pril

1998

)

21

52

pie

ces /

170

kg; M

acao

(Apr

il 20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l sou

rce

(200

3)

17

pie

ces;

(Jul

y 20

02)

Pa

chyd

erm

Iss

ue N

o 40

(Ja

nuar

y -

June

200

6)

67

pie

ces

/ 4.

9kg;

Por

tas

do

Cer

co C

heck

poin

t (M

arch

200

2)

Se

rvic

os

de

Alfa

ndeg

a (A

ugus

t 20

02)

Mac

ao (S

AR

)

10

pi

eces

/

91.9

5kg;

M

acao

In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort

(May

20

01)

Se

rvic

os

de

Alfa

ndeg

a (A

ugus

t 20

02)

2,

600k

g; (J

uly

2006

)

3,90

0kg;

(May

200

6)

Ir

elan

d O

nlin

e (M

ay 2

006)

229

piec

es

/ 50

3kg;

K

wai

C

hung

C

usto

ms

Hou

se

(May

20

05)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol.

20 N

o. 3

(2

005)

0.

86kg

; K

owlo

on,

Hon

g K

ong

(May

200

4)

En

viro

nmen

tal I

nves

tigat

ion

Age

ncy

(200

4)

10

0kg;

2

Hon

g K

ong

shop

s (J

anua

ry 2

004)

The

Stan

dard

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

2,

446k

g; (2

003)

In

clud

ing:

27

9 T

usks

/ 19

32kg

; Kw

ai

Chu

ng C

onta

iner

Ter

min

al,

Hon

g K

ong

(Oct

ober

200

3)

H

ong

Kon

g C

omm

issi

oner

of

Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Jan

uary

200

4)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

20

No

1 (2

004)

50

6kg;

H

ong

Kon

g (O

ctob

er

2002

)

Sout

h C

hina

M

orni

ng

Post

(O

ctob

er 2

003)

79 p

iece

s /

1.7k

g; H

ong

Kon

g In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort

(Jul

y 20

02)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol 1

9 N

o. 2

(2

002)

Hon

g K

ong

(SA

R)

20

.78k

g; (2

001)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts

of

East

A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

and

Dan

iel

Stile

s /

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (2

003)

22

52

.85k

g; (2

000)

The

Ivor

y M

arke

ts

of

East

A

sia,

Es

mon

d M

artin

an

d D

anie

l St

iles

(200

3)

17

kg; (

1999

)

Hon

g K

ong

Com

mis

sion

er

of

Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Jan

uary

200

4)

10

4kg;

(199

8)

H

ong

Kon

g C

omm

issi

oner

of

C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e (J

anua

ry 2

004)

40

0-50

0; (2

000

– 20

01)

Con

gole

se d

eleg

ate,

Ele

phan

t Ran

ge

Stat

es m

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

10; (

Mar

ch 1

999)

C

ongo

lese

del

egat

e, E

leph

ant R

ange

St

ates

mee

ting

(Aug

ust 2

002)

26

; Len

goue

Riv

er (F

ebru

ary

2000

)

JW

CS

(Pac

hyde

rm N

o. 3

4 Ja

n –

June

200

3)

3; M

ombo

vill

age

(Aug

ust 2

002)

JW

CS

(Pac

hyde

rm N

o. 3

4 Ja

nuar

y –

June

200

3)

12; (

Janu

ary

– M

arch

200

2)

JWC

S (P

achy

derm

No.

34

Janu

ary

– Ju

ne 2

003)

3;

Len

goue

Riv

er (

Dec

embe

r 20

00 –

Ja

nuar

y 20

01)

JWC

S (P

achy

derm

No.

34

Janu

ary

– Ju

ne 2

003)

66 p

iece

s / 2

53kg

; M

aya

May

a A

irpor

t (A

ugus

t 200

5)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

21

2 cu

t pi

eces

/ 5

25kg

; Po

int

Noi

r (Fe

brua

ry 2

004)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

37

set

s of

tus

ks,

the

larg

est

wei

ghin

g 20

kg;

Odz

ala

Nat

iona

l Par

k (2

004)

A

genc

e Fr

ance

-Pre

sse

(Feb

ruar

y 20

05)

Not

e: I

t is

unc

lear

whe

ther

thi

s m

eans

37

pair

s of t

usks

, or 3

7 in

divi

dual

tusk

s.

15

6 tu

sks;

(200

3)

Pe

rs

com

m.:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

3,00

0kgs

; se

ized

fro

m 2

000

– 20

02, i

nclu

ding

:

Con

gole

se d

eleg

ate,

Ele

phan

t Ran

ge

Stat

es m

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

35

tusk

s; (2

002)

Con

gole

se d

eleg

ate,

Ele

phan

t Ran

ge

Stat

es m

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

64

tusk

s; (2

001)

Con

gole

se d

eleg

ate,

Ele

phan

t Ran

ge

Stat

es m

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

Con

go

22

3 tu

sks;

(200

0)

C

ongo

lese

del

egat

e, E

leph

ant R

ange

St

ates

mee

ting

(Aug

ust 2

002)

23

17

4 tu

sks

or p

iece

s of

tus

k,

incl

udin

g 26

tu

sks

wei

ghin

g m

ore

than

10

kg

each

; in

O

dzal

a N

atio

nal

Park

an

d M

bom

o vi

llage

(Dec

embe

r 199

7 –

May

200

2)*

To

mo

Nis

hiha

ra, J

WC

S (P

achy

derm

N

o. 3

4 Ja

nuar

y –

June

200

3)

*may

be

incl

uded

in th

e 20

tusk

s se

ized

in O

dzal

a

20

tus

ks; O

dzal

a N

atio

nal P

ark

(Sep

tem

ber 1

998

– M

ay 1

999)

Prop

11.

24

52; (

2001

)

Pe

rs

com

m.:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

48

; (20

00)

Pers

co

mm

.: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

42; (

1999

)

Pe

rs

com

m.:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

31

; (19

98)

Pers

co

mm

.: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

1,55

4kg

wor

ked

ivor

y on

sal

e in

68

outle

ts (2

002)

M

ore

Ivor

y th

an

Elep

hant

s:

Dom

estic

Ivo

ry M

arke

ts i

n Th

ree

Wes

t A

fric

an C

ount

ries,

TRA

FFIC

(2

003)

Iv

ory

offe

red

for

sale

on

road

ne

ar P

etite

Gui

glo

(May

200

2)

Pers

com

m.:

Jana

Ris

t (M

ay 2

002)

Cot

e d’

Ivoi

re

Ivor

y fo

r sa

le a

t Ta

i vi

llage

m

arke

t (M

ay 2

002)

Pe

rs c

omm

.: Ja

na R

ist (

May

200

2)

25;

Gar

amba

N

atio

nal

Park

(J

uly

2004

)

R

eute

rs (A

ugus

t 200

4)

Ove

r 1,

000;

Gar

amba

Nat

iona

l Par

k.

Tonn

es o

f ivo

ry b

eing

take

n ov

er th

e bo

rder

in

to

neig

hbou

ring

Suda

n (A

pril

2003

– A

pril

2004

)

Save

the

Rhi

no I

nter

natio

nal

(May

20

04)

Mas

sive

ele

phan

t ki

lling

in

Oka

pi

Wild

life

Res

erve

(O

ctob

er 2

002

– Ju

ly 2

003)

John

Har

t, W

CS

(rep

orte

d in

Mai

l an

d G

uard

ian)

(Aug

ust 2

003)

Dem

ocra

tic

Rep

ublic

of C

ongo

2;

Viru

nga

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk

(Apr

il 20

03)

Pers

Com

m:

Jobo

go M

irind

i (M

ay

2003

)

24

300;

Kah

uzi B

iega

NP

(200

1)

Con

gole

se

Inst

itute

fo

r N

atur

e C

onse

rvat

ion/

PNA

(Mar

ch 2

001)

26

; Aro

und

Bili

(Aug

ust –

Nov

embe

r 20

01)

Save

the

Elep

hant

s (Ja

nuar

y 20

02)

2; O

kapi

Fau

nal

Res

erve

(A

ugus

t 20

00)

CIT

ES P

rop

12.1

1

300;

(199

8/9)

St

op th

e C

lock

(Apr

il 20

00)

3,00

0; (1

999)

St

op th

e C

lock

(Apr

il 20

00)

17

,000

kg

(at

leas

t);

Oka

pi

Faun

al R

eser

ve (2

004)

Rap

port

sur

le

Bra

conn

age

D'E

leph

ant E

t Sur

Le

Com

mer

ce d

e l'I

voire

Dan

s et

al l

a Pe

riphe

rie d

e la

re

serv

e de

fau

ne a

oka

pis

(RFO

) Itu

ri, R

DC

(Dec

embe

r 200

4)

3,

000k

g; Is

iro (A

pril

2000

)

Rep

ort

of t

he P

anel

Exp

erts

on

the

Illeg

al

Expl

oita

tion

of

Nat

ural

R

esou

rces

and

oth

er fo

rms

of w

ealth

of

the

DR

C (2

001)

2,00

0kg;

trac

ed in

Buk

avu

(late

20

00)

R

epor

t of

the

Pan

el E

xper

ts o

n th

e Ill

egal

Ex

ploi

tatio

n of

N

atur

al

Res

ourc

es a

nd o

ther

form

s of

wea

lth

of th

e D

RC

(200

1)

80

0 kg

; Gar

amba

Nat

iona

l Par

k (A

ugus

t 200

0)

R

epor

t of

the

Pan

el E

xper

ts o

n th

e Ill

egal

Ex

ploi

tatio

n of

N

atur

al

Res

ourc

es a

nd o

ther

form

s of

wea

lth

of th

e D

RC

(200

1)

2

tusk

s; (2

003)

Pers

Com

m:

Jobo

go M

irind

i (M

ay

2003

)

Aro

und

12 t

usks

and

oth

er

ivor

y pi

eces

see

n on

sal

e in

K

isan

gani

(Nov

embe

r 200

2)

BB

C (N

ovem

ber 2

002)

Equ

ator

ial G

uine

a

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Eri

trea

No

inci

dent

s of

ivo

ry s

eizu

res

repo

rted.

Hez

y Sh

osha

ni (2

006)

25

13

8 pi

eces

raw

ivor

y / 3

88.8

kg;

1517

pi

eces

w

orke

d iv

ory

131.

8kg;

(19

98 –

200

4)

Et

hiop

ian

Wild

life

Con

serv

atio

n D

epar

tmen

t, M

inis

try o

f A

gric

ultu

re

and

Rur

al D

evel

opm

ent (

2007

)

50

0kg;

dur

ing

raid

s in

Add

is

Aba

ba (J

anua

ry 2

005)

Ethi

opia

n W

ildlif

e A

utho

rity

(200

5)

4

tusk

s; (A

pril

2007

)

Ethi

opia

n W

ildlif

e C

onse

rvat

ion

Dep

artm

ent,

Min

istry

of

Agr

icul

ture

an

d R

ural

Dev

elop

men

t (20

07)

Eth

iopi

a

Rep

ort

sugg

ests

tha

t Et

hiop

ia

is a

mar

ket f

or la

rge

quan

titie

s of

ivor

y

Kim

H

owel

l, A

fric

an

Reg

iona

l R

epor

t to

17th

Ani

mal

s C

omm

ittee

m

eetin

g (J

uly/

Aug

ust 2

001)

53

po

achi

ng

cam

ps

and

27

elep

hant

ca

rcas

ses;

fo

und

durin

g M

IKE

surv

ey

of

Con

go

Bas

in.

Gre

ates

t nu

mbe

r of

car

cass

es f

ound

in

Min

kebe

Nat

iona

l Par

k (2

007)

Fore

st E

leph

ant

Cris

is i

n th

e C

ongo

B

asin

(200

6)

500-

1,00

0; k

illed

ann

ually

B

BC

New

s Onl

ine

(Oct

ober

200

2)

3; (1

999)

C

ITES

Doc

. 11.

31.1

20

; (19

98)

CIT

ES D

oc. 1

1.31

.1

Gab

on

80

tu

sks;

O

yem

(D

ecem

ber

2003

)

Pers

co

mm

: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

4; (2

004)

R

epor

t of

th

e C

ITES

A

fric

an

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Mar

ch 2

004)

8;

(200

3)

Rep

ort

of

the

CIT

ES

Afr

ican

C

onsu

ltativ

e M

eetin

g (M

arch

200

4)

9; (2

002)

R

epor

t of

th

e C

ITES

A

fric

an

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Mar

ch 2

004)

10

; (20

01)

Rep

ort

of

the

CIT

ES

Afr

ican

C

onsu

ltativ

e M

eetin

g (M

arch

200

4)

6; (2

000)

R

epor

t of

th

e C

ITES

A

fric

an

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Mar

ch 2

004)

Gha

na

29; (

1997

– 1

999)

D

r Pa

ula

Kah

umbu

, no

tes

from

El

epha

nt

Ran

ge

Stat

es

Mee

ting

(Aug

ust,

2002

)

26

2

tusk

s / 7

kg; (

2002

)

Dr

Hed

ia

Bec

car,

note

s fr

om

Elep

hant

R

ange

St

ates

M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

11

tusk

s / 3

8.50

kg; (

2000

)

Dr

Hed

ia

Bec

car,

note

s fr

om

Elep

hant

R

ange

St

ates

M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

8

tusk

s / 3

4kg;

(199

9)

D

r H

edia

B

ecca

r, no

tes

from

El

epha

nt

Ran

ge

Stat

es

Mee

ting

(Aug

ust 2

002)

8 tu

sks /

11.

14k;

g (1

998)

Dr

Hed

ia

Bec

car,

note

s fr

om

Elep

hant

R

ange

St

ates

M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

Ivor

y op

enly

sol

d in

sho

ppin

g m

alls

, in

clud

ing

‘Art

Cen

tre’

in A

ccra

. (20

03)

Pers

com

m. (

July

200

3)

1; (2

002)

D

r H

edia

B

ecca

r: N

otes

fr

om

Elep

hant

R

ange

St

ates

M

eetin

g (A

ugus

t 200

2)

1; (1

999)

Pe

rs

com

m:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

1;

(199

8)

Pers

co

mm

: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

Gui

nea

Ivor

y op

enly

so

ld

in

loca

l m

arke

ts i

n C

onak

ry;

scul

pted

tu

sk

sold

fo

r 2.

5 m

illio

n G

uine

an

Fran

ces

(US$

693)

.

Trad

er r

epor

ted

that

the

ivo

ry

cam

e fr

om

Bur

kina

Fa

so,

Nig

er,

Nig

eria

or

the

Ivor

y C

oast

to b

e sc

ulpt

ed lo

cally

.

Pers

com

m..

(Apr

il 20

07)

12; (

2006

)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(2

007)

21

; (20

05)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(200

7)

Indi

a

31; (

2004

)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(2

007)

27

2; W

ynad

dis

trict

(Jun

e 20

03)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(Jun

e 20

03)

1; in

Ker

ala

(Feb

ruar

y 20

03)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(Feb

ruar

y 20

03)

6 at

lea

st;

Cor

bett

Tige

r R

eser

ve

(200

0)

Wild

life

Trus

t of I

ndia

(Jul

y 20

04)

8; (J

anua

ry –

June

200

2)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(Jul

y 20

02)

42; (

2001

)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(J

uly

2002

) 48

; (20

00)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(Jul

y 20

02)

1.

8kg;

Lo

kapr

iya

Gop

inat

h B

ordo

loi

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (A

pril

2007

)

Th

e Te

legr

aph

(Apr

il 20

07)

8

tusk

s; U

dala

(Mar

200

7)

w

ww

.kal

inga

times

.com

14kg

of

tu

sks;

O

rissa

(F

eb

2007

)

ww

w.k

alin

gatim

es.c

om

2

tusk

s; (J

anua

ry 2

007)

ww

w.h

indu

.com

119.

15kg

/ 12

tusk

s / 5

7 pi

eces

; (2

006)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(200

7)

72

.37k

g / 2

8 tu

sks

/ 24

piec

es;

(200

5)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(2

007)

128.

98kg

/ 11

tusk

s / 2

5 pi

eces

; (2

004)

Wild

life

Prot

ectio

n So

ciet

y of

Ind

ia

(200

7)

14

9.69

kg /

1 un

wei

ghed

pie

ce /

8 tu

sks;

(200

3)

W

ildlif

e Tr

ust o

f Ind

ia (J

uly

2004

)

11

4.4k

g / 4

2 un

wei

ghed

pie

ces;

(J

anua

ry –

June

200

2)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(J

uly

2002

)

89kg

/ 5

unw

eigh

ed p

iece

s /

2 un

wei

ghed

tu

sks;

(J

uly

– D

ecem

ber 2

002)

W

ildlif

e Tr

ust o

f Ind

ia (J

uly

2004

)

25

9.07

kg

ivor

y se

ized

, no

t in

clud

ing

15 u

nwei

ghed

tus

ks,

and

3 un

wei

ghed

pi

eces

; (2

000)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(J

uly

2002

)

28

42

0.91

kg

ivor

y se

ized

, no

t in

clud

ing

9 un

wei

ghed

tus

ks

and

770

unw

eigh

ed

piec

es

(pri

mar

ily b

angl

es) (

2001

)

W

ildlif

e Pr

otec

tion

Soci

ety

of I

ndia

(J

uly

2002

)

1,

500k

g; (1

998/

1999

)

Stop

the

Clo

ck (A

pril

2000

) 8;

Way

Kam

bas

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk (

July

20

04)

The

Jaka

rta P

ost (

July

200

4)

17; N

orth

Sum

atra

(Apr

il 20

04)

Ant

ara

(Apr

il 20

04)

4; T

NB

BS

(Jan

uary

200

4)

The

Jaka

rta P

ost (

July

200

4)

6; R

iau

Prov

ince

(200

4)

Ant

ara

(Apr

il 20

04)

1;

Way

K

amba

s N

atio

nal

Park

(S

epte

mbe

r 200

3)

The

Jaka

rta P

ost (

July

200

4)

4;

Way

K

amba

s N

atio

nal

Park

(A

ugus

t 200

3)

The

Jaka

rta P

ost (

July

200

4)

5;

Tala

ng

Bam

ban

Fore

st,

Wes

t La

mpu

ng (O

ctob

er 2

003)

Th

e Ja

karta

Pos

t (O

ctob

er 2

003)

1; U

lu S

ipur

ak (F

ebru

ary

2003

)

A

ntar

a (J

uly

2003

) 2;

Bat

ang

Mer

angi

n (2

003)

A

ntar

a (J

uly

2003

) 20

0; s

ince

199

3 in

the

Sou

th B

ukit

Bar

isan

Nat

iona

l Par

k

The

Jaka

rta P

ost (

Oct

ober

200

4)

Indo

nesi

a

Dep

artm

ent

stor

es i

n Ja

karta

di

spla

y iv

ory

carv

ings

Sa

n D

iego

U

nion

-Trib

une

(May

20

02)

35; (

2004

)

K

WS,

Aug

ust 2

004

73; (

2003

)

K

WS,

Aug

ust 2

004

132;

(200

2)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4 57

; (20

01)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4 41

; (20

00)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4 67

; (19

99)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4 41

; (19

98)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4

871.

1kg

/ 8

tusk

s /

16 p

iece

s;

(200

6)

K

WS

(200

6)

77

9.35

kg /

26 p

iece

s; (2

005)

KW

S (2

006)

304k

g / 9

pie

ces;

(200

4)

K

WS

(200

6)

Ken

ya

17

tusk

s; K

itale

(Nov

embe

r 20

04).

Not

incl

uded

in K

WS

data

.

LA

TF (2

006)

29

21

3 tu

sks /

985

kg; (

2003

)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4

89 tu

sks /

603

.4kg

; (20

02)

K

WS,

Aug

ust 2

004

45

4 tu

sks /

646

.15k

g; (2

001)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4

165

tusk

s / 4

47.1

5kg;

(200

0)

K

WS,

Aug

ust 2

004

40

9 tu

sks /

188

0.4k

g; (1

999)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4

80

tusk

s / 3

48.4

kg; (

1998

)

KW

S, A

ugus

t 200

4 L

ao

Peop

le’s

D

emoc

ratic

R

epub

lic

1424

ite

ms;

inc

ludi

ng c

arve

d tu

sks,

foun

d in

63

out

of 1

82

shop

s su

rvey

ed

in

2 to

wns

(J

anua

ry 2

001)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Save

Th

e El

epha

nts

(200

2)

Lib

eria

9;

(199

9 –

2002

)

Pe

rs c

omm

: El

epha

nt R

ange

Sta

tes

Mee

ting

(Aug

ust 2

002)

1 tu

sk; (

2006

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

M

alaw

i

10

tusk

s /

127k

g;

Mac

hing

a (J

uly

2003

)

Envi

ronm

enta

l N

ews

Serv

ice

(Jan

uary

200

) 1;

Fel

da M

ayam

Pah

ang

(Jun

e 20

02)

Pers

com

m:

Elep

hant

Ran

ge S

tate

s M

eetin

g

4 tu

sks;

(Jan

uary

200

3)

C

onfid

entia

l sou

rce

Mal

aysi

a

27

ca

rved

pi

eces

; sh

ops

in

Equa

toria

l H

otel

, Pa

rk

Roy

al

Hot

el

and

Shan

gri-L

a H

otel

, K

uala

Lum

pur (

Apr

il 20

02)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin 1

9/1

(200

1)

6; (1

998)

Pe

rs

com

m:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

M

ali

2

tusk

s /

16.5

kg;

Gou

rma

(Mar

ch 2

003)

Rep

ort

of

the

CIT

ES

Afr

ican

C

onsu

ltativ

e M

eetin

g (M

arch

200

4)

Mau

rita

nia

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

87; (

Janu

ary

– Ju

ly 2

001)

Pe

rs c

omm

: Mar

k Je

nkin

s (M

ay

2001

) It

is b

elie

ved

that

onl

y 5%

of c

arca

sses

are

fo

und

Moz

ambi

que

560;

(200

0)

Pers

com

m: M

ark

Jenk

ins (

May

20

01)

It is

bel

ieve

d th

at o

nly

5% o

f car

cass

es a

re

foun

d

30

‘Hun

ters

ha

ve

cont

inue

d ki

lling

el

epha

nts,

upse

tting

th

e ra

tio

of

mal

es

to

fem

ales

an

d le

adin

g to

de

clin

es in

birt

h ra

te.’

(May

200

4)

AFP

(May

200

4)

Mya

nmar

5,80

1 ite

ms

seen

for

sal

e in

M

yanm

ar (F

ebru

ary

2001

) Th

e So

uth

and

Sout

h Ea

st A

sian

Iv

ory

Mar

kets

, Es

mon

d M

artin

&

Dan

iel

Stile

s/

Save

th

e El

epha

nts

(200

2)

7; (2

003)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

5; (2

002)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

2; (2

001)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

2; (2

000)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

12; (

1999

)

C

op13

Pro

p 7

4; (1

998)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

4

tusk

s; E

rong

o re

gion

(J

uly

2004

)

The

Nam

ibia

n (J

uly

2004

)

41

tusk

s / 3

09.4

0kg;

(200

3)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

29

tusk

s / 1

45.1

0kg;

(200

2)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

41

tusk

s / 2

19.7

0kg;

(200

1)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

47

tusk

s / 2

86.6

0kg;

(200

0)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

77

tusk

s / 4

10.5

0kg;

(199

9)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

Nam

ibia

84

tusk

s / 4

67.8

0kg;

(199

8)

C

oP13

Pro

p 7

1; se

ized

Dis

trict

Pili

bhit

(Sep

tem

ber

2003

)

W

ildlif

e Tr

ust

of I

ndia

(Se

ptem

ber

2003

)

1,

546

ivor

y ite

ms

foun

d on

sa

le

with

in

57

shop

s in

K

athm

andu

(200

1)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Sa

ve

the

Elep

hant

s (2

002)

Nep

al

1,45

4 iv

ory

item

s fo

und

on

sale

w

ithin

71

sh

ops

in

Kat

hman

du (1

998)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Sa

ve

the

Elep

hant

s (2

002)

N

iger

2;

(200

3)

Pers

com

m: D

r Hed

ia B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

31

1; (2

002)

Pe

rs c

omm

: Dr H

edia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

1; (2

000)

Pe

rs c

omm

: Dr H

edia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

2;

(199

8)

Pers

com

m: D

r Hed

ia B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

2

tusk

s; H

otel

Tap

oa (1

998)

Pers

com

m: D

r Hed

ia B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

Nig

eria

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

1;

(Jul

y 20

02)

Pers

com

m.,

conf

iden

tial (

July

200

3)

Rw

anda

32 tu

sks;

Kig

ali (

Apr

il 20

03)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

Sene

gal

N

o se

izur

e fo

r 10

year

s Th

ousa

nds

of c

arve

d ite

ms

for

sale

and

act

ive

carv

ing

seen

in

the

mai

n to

uris

t m

arke

t of

D

akar

(Jun

e 20

02)

Bor

n Fr

ee F

ound

atio

n (J

une

2002

)

1; F

into

mia

Nat

iona

l Par

k (2

006)

W

ildlif

e Se

nior

G

ame

Supe

rinte

nden

t (M

arch

200

7)

5;

Lom

a m

ount

ain

non-

hunt

ing

rese

rve

(Aug

ust 2

006)

W

ildlif

e Se

nior

G

ame

Supe

rinte

nden

t (M

arch

200

7)

3; K

oina

dugu

rese

rve

(200

5)

Wild

life

Seni

or

Gam

e Su

perin

tend

ent (

Mar

ch 2

007)

2;

O

utam

ba-K

ilim

i N

atio

nal

Park

(O

ctob

er 2

003)

Se

nior

Gam

e Su

perin

tend

ent (

Mar

ch

2004

)

2 tu

sks;

Fre

etow

n (2

006)

Wild

life

Seni

or

Gam

e Su

perin

tend

ent (

Mar

ch 2

007)

Sier

ra L

eone

6

piec

es w

orke

d iv

ory;

sei

zed

from

UN

pea

ce m

onito

r (M

arch

–

Apr

il 20

03)

Se

nior

Gam

e Su

perin

tend

ent (

Mar

ch

2004

)

Som

alia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

6; K

ruge

r Nat

iona

l Par

k (2

003)

N

ews 2

4 (M

arch

200

4)

311;

Kru

ger N

atio

nal P

ark

(199

8)

Prop

11.

24 (

quot

ing

Satu

rday

Sta

r, M

arch

199

8)

Sout

h A

fric

a

40

0 iv

ory

orna

men

ts;

Sunn

ingh

ill (J

une

2006

)

Inde

pend

ent O

nlin

e (J

une

2006

)

32

80

0kg;

‘lef

t-ove

r’ a

fter

poac

hers

cut

tusk

s (20

06?)

CoP

14 P

rop

6 N

ote:

Est

imat

e of

ori

gina

l am

ount

is 1

,600

kg,

give

n th

at a

roun

d 50

% o

f ivo

ry is

usu

ally

lost

in

the

cutti

ng p

roce

ss.

27

tusk

s; (J

une

2006

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

233k

g; (F

ebru

ary

2006

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

7.5k

g; (M

arch

200

5)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

11

.8kg

; B

eit

Brid

ge

Bor

der

Cro

ssin

g (A

ugus

t 200

4)

In

depe

nden

t Onl

ine

(Aug

ust 2

004)

*t

he 4

th in

cide

nt in

8 m

onth

s at t

his b

orde

r cr

ossi

ng”

11

2.5k

g; (2

004)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

232k

g; (2

003)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

2 tu

sks;

Dur

ban

(May

200

3)

Th

e In

depe

nden

t (M

ay 2

003)

4 pi

eces

raw

ivor

y; (M

ay 2

002)

Fina

ncia

l Tim

es (M

ay 2

002)

7 tu

sks;

90k

g; P

reto

ria (

Apr

il 20

02)

N

ews 2

4 (A

pril

2002

)

1

tusk

/ 54

.8kg

; (A

pril

2002

)

Wild

net n

ews

Tusk

cut

from

car

cass

nea

r Sh

ingw

edzi

22

tus

ks /

140

kg;

Piet

ersb

urg

(Oct

ober

200

1)

A

fric

a N

ews

Serv

ice

(Nov

embe

r 20

01)

26

tu

sks;

V

rybu

rg

(Mar

ch

2001

)

New

s 24

(Mar

ch 2

001)

8

tusk

s;

Pret

oria

(S

epte

mbe

r 20

00)

ES

PU /

Pre

toria

New

s (S

epte

mbe

r 20

00)

1

tusk

/ 65

kg; (

Dec

embe

r 199

9)

R

eute

rs (D

ecem

ber 1

999)

20 tu

sks;

(199

9)

St

op th

e C

lock

(Apr

il 20

00)

53

tusk

s; (1

998)

Stop

the

Clo

ck (A

pril

2000

)

23 p

iece

s; (J

anua

ry 1

999)

Sri

Lank

a C

usto

ms

(Sep

tem

ber

2002

) Sr

i Lan

ka

2

tusk

s; (J

anua

ry 1

999)

Sri

Lank

a C

usto

ms

(Sep

tem

ber

2002

)

33

62

0 ite

ms;

for s

ale

in 2

2 sh

ops

(Nov

embe

r 200

0)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Save

th

e El

epha

nts

(200

2)

23

4 pi

eces

; Kor

dofa

n (2

005)

Con

fiden

tial (

2006

)

1,53

0kg;

Kom

Om

bo (

Aug

ust

2000

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6 Su

dan

11,0

00 i

vory

ite

ms;

see

n on

di

spla

y in

50

sh

ops

in

Kha

rtoum

, O

mdu

rman

an

d K

harto

um

Nor

th

(Mar

ch

2005

)

Larg

e Q

uant

ities

of I

llega

l Ivo

ry o

n Sa

le in

Sud

an –

Dr E

smun

d M

artin

(M

arch

200

5)

Swaz

iland

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

2;

R

uaha

N

atio

nal

Park

(A

ugus

t 20

03)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (O

ctob

er 2

003)

5;

Rua

ha

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk

(Jan

uary

20

02)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (M

ay 2

002)

3; M

anya

ra ra

nch

(Jun

e 20

01)

Tara

ngire

Ele

phan

t Pro

ject

(O

ctob

er

2001

) 4;

Mar

ang

Fore

st (2

001)

Ta

rang

ire E

leph

ant P

roje

ct (

Oct

ober

20

01)

3;

next

to

A

rush

a N

atio

nal

Park

(2

001)

Ta

rang

ire E

leph

ant P

roje

ct (

Oct

ober

20

01)

1;

Lake

N

atro

n G

ame

Con

trolle

d A

rea

(Oct

ober

200

1)

AW

F Pr

ess

Rel

ease

(N

ovem

ber

2001

) 8

(min

imum

); Se

lous

(200

1)

Cat

herin

e M

uir (

Janu

ary

2002

) 20

; Run

gwa

(Oct

ober

199

9)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (J

anua

ry 2

000)

15

; R

uaha

N

P (A

pril

1998

–

Dec

embe

r 200

0)

Frie

nds

of R

uaha

Soc

iety

(Dec

embe

r 20

00)

2

tusk

s; (O

ctob

er 2

006)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e

14 tu

sks;

(Oct

ober

200

6)

w

ww

.aru

shat

imes

.co.

tz

35

tu

sks;

D

ar

es

Sala

am

(Sep

tem

ber 2

006)

Tanz

ania

Sta

ndar

d (S

epte

mbe

r 200

6)

35

.5kg

; (M

ay 2

006)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

23 tu

sks;

Irin

ga (J

anua

ry 2

006)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

Tan

zani

a,

Uni

ted

Rep

ublic

8

tusk

s; A

rush

a (J

anua

ry 2

006)

Aru

sha

Tim

es, J

une

2006

34

13

9 pi

eces

of r

aw iv

ory

and

32

piec

es

of

proc

esse

d iv

ory

(car

ving

s) /

475.

5kg;

(200

5)

U

nite

d R

epub

lic

of

Tanz

ania

, C

ount

ry

Rep

ort

to

16th

In

terp

ol

Envi

ro C

rime

Task

For

ce M

eetin

g

(200

5)

15

tu

sks

/ 53

kg;

Ifak

ara

(Dec

embe

r 200

5)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

43

tusk

s / 6

9kg;

(Aug

ust 2

004)

The

Gua

rdia

n (T

anza

nia)

(A

ugus

t 20

04)

73

tu

sks;

D

ar

es

Sala

am

(Jan

uary

200

4)

R

eute

rs (J

anua

ry 2

004)

47

tu

sks

/ 10

0 kg

; D

ar

es

Sala

am (N

ovem

ber 2

003)

Xin

hua

New

s A

genc

y (N

ovem

ber

2003

)

25 tu

sks;

Ruf

iji (O

ctob

er 2

003)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

4 tu

sks

and

43 p

iece

s; (

June

20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l sou

rce

(200

3)

43

tusk

s; T

abor

a (J

une

2003

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

22 t

usks

; M

anyo

ni (

Sept

embe

r 20

02)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

13

6 pi

eces

; D

ar

es

Sala

am

(Feb

ruar

y 20

02)

Th

e G

uard

ian

(Feb

ruar

y 20

02)

5

tusk

s an

d 22

pie

ces;

Dar

es

Sala

am (F

ebru

ary

2002

)

Dai

ly N

ews (

Febr

uary

200

2)

1,

255

tusk

s /

3,00

0kg;

Dar

es

Sala

am (J

anua

ry 2

002)

AC

18

Doc

5.

1 /

Wild

net

Afr

ica

New

s Arc

hive

(Jan

uary

200

2)

42

tusk

s / 5

80kg

; (20

01)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

25

pi

eces

; D

ar

es

Sala

am

(Dec

embe

r 200

1)

D

aily

New

s (D

ecem

ber 2

001)

11

3 pi

eces

raw

ivo

ry a

nd 9

1 pi

eces

w

orke

d iv

ory;

(A

pril

2001

)

IF

AW

(200

4)

27

tusk

s; (2

000)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (2

000)

47

tusk

s; (D

ecem

ber 1

999)

Con

fiden

tial s

ourc

e (2

003)

7;

H

uay

Kha

kaen

g-Th

ung

Yai

N

ares

uan

wild

life

sanc

tuar

ies

(fou

nd

Mar

ch 2

001)

Ban

gkok

Pos

t (A

pril

2001

) T

haila

nd

87

0kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

The

Star

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

35

1,

286

item

s / 9

.4kg

; jew

elle

ry

and

orna

men

ts se

ized

in

Ban

gkha

e M

all (

2004

)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

50

9 ite

ms /

3kg

; jew

elle

ry a

nd

orna

men

ts se

ized

Pha

yath

ai

Roa

d (M

arch

200

4)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

93

2 ite

ms /

19k

g; je

wel

lery

and

or

nam

ents

seiz

ed a

t Ind

ra

Reg

ent H

otel

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

1,

000k

g du

ring

2003

at

Ban

gkok

Inte

rnat

iona

l Airp

ort,

incl

udin

g:

65 tu

sks /

501

kg; B

angk

ok

inte

rnat

iona

l airp

ort (

July

200

3)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol 2

0 N

o. 1

(2

004)

X

inhu

a N

ews (

July

200

3) /

Inte

rnat

iona

l Fun

d fo

r Ani

mal

W

elfa

re (J

uly

2003

)

160k

g; (A

ugus

t 200

2)

IF

AW

(200

4)

1,

554k

g;

Payu

hakh

iri

Dis

trict

(A

ugus

t – O

ctob

er 2

002)

WW

F Th

aila

nd (2

004)

12

1 pi

eces

/ 3

62kg

; B

angk

ok

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (A

ugus

t 20

02)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

56

pi

eces

/

160k

g;

Ban

gkok

In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort

(Aug

ust

2002

)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

21

3kg;

(Jun

e 20

02)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

19

4kg;

B

angk

ok

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (M

ay 2

002)

WW

F Th

aila

nd (2

004)

60

pi

eces

/

195k

g;

Ban

gkok

In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort

(May

20

02)

W

WF

Thai

land

(200

4)

11

6 pi

eces

/ 4

00kg

; B

angk

ok

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (M

ay

2002

)

A

nano

va.c

om (M

ay 2

002)

36

30

tus

ks /

203

kg;

Don

Mua

ng

airp

ort (

Nov

embe

r 200

1)

B

angk

ok P

ost

(Nov

embe

r 200

1)

Orig

in: K

enya

11

2 tu

sks;

48

8kg;

B

angk

ok

airp

ort (

May

200

0)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol 1

8 N

o 3

(Dec

embe

r 200

0)

Orig

in: Z

ambi

a

45

0 pi

eces

raw

ivor

y; B

angk

ok

Airp

ort (

1998

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

000)

27,6

89 iv

ory

piec

es fo

r sal

e in

10

4 so

uven

ir sh

ops

in

Ban

gkok

, w

eigh

ing

1,50

0kg

(Aug

ust 2

003)

Ban

gkok

Pos

t (r

epor

ting

on A

kiri

Kan

ayam

a’s

PhD

th

esis

), (A

ugus

t 20

03)

Ivor

y pr

oduc

ts s

old

in 8

0% o

f 18

bor

der

tradi

ng p

oint

s, an

d 18

9 B

angk

ok h

otel

s (20

01)

WW

F (2

001)

99

% o

f ivo

ry in

loca

l mar

ket (

Bang

kok)

was

fr

om A

fric

an e

leph

ants

88,1

79 i

tem

s fo

r sa

le i

n 19

4 sh

ops

in 3

tow

ns (

Febr

uary

an

d M

arch

200

1)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles

/ Sa

ve t

he E

leph

ants

(2

002)

22

; (20

02)

Pers

co

mm

: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

11; (

2001

)

Pe

rs

com

m:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

15

; (20

00)

Pers

co

mm

: D

r H

edia

B

acca

r (S

epte

mbe

r 200

2)

1; (1

999)

Pe

rs

com

m:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

Tog

o

43; (

1998

)

Pe

rs

com

m:

Dr

Hed

ia

Bac

car

(Sep

tem

ber 2

002)

3;

M

urch

ison

Fa

lls

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk

(Jan

uary

200

5)

7;

Mur

chis

on

Falls

N

atio

nal

Park

(M

arch

200

3)

Age

nce

Fran

ce

Pres

se

(Sep

tem

ber

2003

)

Uga

nda

12; n

orth

-eas

tern

Uga

nda

(200

3)

Inte

r-Pr

ess

Serv

ice

New

s A

genc

y (M

ay 2

003)

37

1;

Que

en

Eliz

abet

h N

atio

nal

Park

(2

000)

Pe

rs

com

m.:

conf

iden

tial

sour

ce

(Jan

uary

200

2)

25

3kg;

K

ampa

la

(Dec

embe

r 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

65

kg;

Kaf

u R

iver

(A

ugus

t 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

8k

g; B

usia

(Jul

y 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

6.

5kg;

Kam

pala

(Jun

e 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

2

tusk

s; K

idep

o N

atio

nal

Park

(N

ovem

ber 2

004)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

3

tusk

s; E

nteb

be In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort (

Apr

il 20

04)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

13

kg; (

July

200

3)

U

WA

/ M

ail

and

Gua

rdia

n (A

ugus

t 20

03)

9

tusk

s / 2

2kg;

(200

3)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

9

carv

ings

/ 15

kg;

Ente

bbe

(Jun

e200

3)

C

onfid

entia

l sou

rce

(200

3)

19

4kg;

(May

200

2)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

15

0 tu

sk

piec

es

(Jan

uary

–

Aug

ust 2

002)

Engl

ish

Dai

ly N

ew V

isio

n (A

ugus

t 20

02)

91

tu

sks

/ 21

3kg;

se

ized

En

tebb

e In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort

(Jun

e 20

01)

N

ew V

isio

n (J

uly

2001

)

11

0kg;

M

urch

ison

Fa

lls

Nat

iona

l Par

k (A

pril

2001

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l fu

nd

for

Ani

mal

W

elfa

re (2

002)

34

piec

es;

Kar

uma

Mas

indi

(M

arch

200

1)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

5

tusk

s /

9kg;

K

afu

Brid

ge

Nak

ason

gola

(Mar

ch 2

000)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

1

tusk

; N

sam

bya,

K

ampa

la

(Jun

e 20

00)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

12

cu

t pi

eces

; K

afu

Brid

ge

Nak

ason

gola

(Jan

uary

200

0)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

50

kg; K

afu

Brid

ge N

akas

ongo

la

(Mar

ch 2

000)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

38

35 a

ssor

ted

carv

ings

; En

tebb

e In

tern

atio

nal A

irpor

t (D

ecem

ber

1999

)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

Poac

hing

de

crea

sed

wild

el

epha

nt

popu

latio

n by

90

%

to

just

40

-50

anim

als (

July

200

4)

Req

uest

fo

r he

lp

from

Pr

ime

Min

iste

r Pha

n V

an K

hai (

July

200

4)

1;

Bac

Tr

a M

y di

stric

t (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

D

euts

che

Pres

se-A

gent

ur (

Febr

uary

20

04)

26

tus

ks /

117

.5kg

; N

orth

ern

Vie

tnam

(Dec

embe

r 200

6)

w

ww

.env

ietn

am.o

rg

73

0kg;

H

a N

oi’s

Lo

ng

Bie

n D

istri

ct (D

ecem

ber 2

004)

Vie

tnam

New

s A

genc

y (D

ecem

ber

2004

)

Vie

tnam

3,03

9 iv

ory

item

s fo

r sa

le i

n 50

shop

s (Ja

nuar

y 20

01)

The

Sout

h an

d So

uth

East

Asi

an

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

D

anie

l St

iles/

Save

th

e El

epha

nts

(200

2)

28; C

hiaw

a G

MA

(200

2)

Rep

ort o

f the

Pan

el o

f Exp

erts

on

the

Afr

ican

Ele

phan

t on

the

rev

iew

of

the

prop

osal

sub

mitt

ed b

y Za

mbi

a,

CoP

12 D

oc 6

6, A

nnex

4 (

Oct

ober

20

02)

7;

Low

er

Zam

bezi

N

atio

nal

Park

(2

002)

C

onse

rvat

ion

Low

er

Zam

bezi

, A

frik

eye.

net (

2004

) 13

; (20

01)

Prop

12.9

16

; Lo

wer

Zam

bezi

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk

(200

1)

Con

serv

atio

n Lo

wer

Za

mbe

zi,

Afr

ikey

e.ne

t (20

04)

16; (

2000

)

Pr

op12

.9

Zam

bia

156

(est

); ce

ntra

l Kaf

ue N

P, (2

000)

R

epor

t of t

he P

anel

of E

xper

ts o

n th

e A

fric

an E

leph

ant

on t

he r

evie

w o

f th

e pr

opos

al s

ubm

itted

by

Zam

bia,

C

oP12

Doc

66,

Ann

ex 4

(O

ctob

er

2002

)

39

800

per y

ear (

est);

ille

gal o

ffta

ke

Rep

ort o

f the

Pan

el o

f Exp

erts

on

the

Afr

ican

Ele

phan

t on

the

rev

iew

of

the

prop

osal

sub

mitt

ed b

y Za

mbi

a,

CoP

12 D

oc 6

6, A

nnex

4 (

Oct

ober

20

02)

1,19

8; Z

ambe

zi V

alle

y Fl

oor (

1999

)

Le

thal

Exp

erim

ent (

2000

)

0.3k

g;

Lusa

ka

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (Se

ptem

ber 2

006)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

70

.8kg

(Aug

ust 2

006)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

39.4

kg; S

hang

ombo

(Jul

y 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

21

.6kg

; Si

oma-

Ngw

ezi

(Jul

y 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

15

kg;

Siom

a-N

gwez

i (J

uly

2006

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

8.

5kg;

(Feb

ruar

y 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

1k

g; (F

ebru

ary

2006

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

2kg;

(Feb

ruar

y 20

06)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

4k

g; (F

ebru

ary

2006

)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

9kg;

(Jan

uary

200

6)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

37

7kg;

Lus

aka

(Jul

y 20

05)

C

oP14

Pro

p 6

10

tu

sks

/ 19

kg;

Luan

gwa

Bom

a (D

ecem

ber 2

005)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

2

tusk

s; (D

ecem

ber 2

004)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

691

piec

es;

Chi

lang

a (J

uly

2004

)

The

Tim

es o

f Zam

bia

(Jul

y 20

04)

48

iv

ory

carv

ings

; (M

arch

20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

19

tu

sks;

(J

anua

ry

– M

arch

20

01)

Th

e Po

st (L

usak

a) (M

ay 2

001)

93

tus

ks; (

Oct

ober

– D

ecem

ber

2000

)

The

Post

(Lus

aka)

(May

200

1)

14

pi

eces

; M

umbw

a-Lu

saka

R

oad

(Aug

ust 2

000)

The

Tim

es o

f Zam

bia

(Aug

ust 2

003)

63

tusk

s; (J

anua

ry –

July

200

0)

A

A.n

et (S

epte

mbe

r 200

0)

53

pie

ces;

Lus

aka

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

irpor

t (A

pril

2000

)

Zam

bia

Dai

ly M

ail (

Apr

il 20

00)

40

24

tusk

s; (1

999)

ZAW

A II

U (M

arch

200

0)

60

tusk

s; (1

998)

ZAW

A II

U (M

arch

200

0)

1,

344k

g; (1

998)

ZAW

A II

U (M

arch

2000

) 1;

Lim

popo

Tra

nsfr

ontie

r N

atio

nal

Park

(Jun

e 20

04)

The

Her

ald

(Har

are)

(Jun

e 20

04)

10; 4

0 le

gs fo

und,

(Jun

e 20

04)

The

Inde

pend

ent (

June

200

4)

5; la

rge

bull

elep

hant

s, ki

lled

arou

nd

the

Vic

toria

Fa

lls

area

.

(Jan

uary

20

04)

John

ny

Rod

rigue

s, Zi

mba

bwe

Con

serv

atio

n Ta

sk

Forc

e R

epor

t (J

anua

ry 2

004)

13

9;

Zam

bezi

va

lley

esca

rpm

ent

(200

4)

The

Her

ald

(Har

are)

(Jun

e 20

04)

3; H

wan

ge E

stat

e (N

ovem

ber 2

003)

Jo

hnny

R

odrig

ues

/ C

ape

Tim

es

(Nov

embe

r 200

3)

1; A

ntio

nette

Far

m (A

ugus

t 200

3)

Zim

babw

e C

onse

rvat

ion

Task

For

ce

(Sep

tem

ber 2

003)

2;

Bub

iyan

a co

nser

vanc

y (J

uly

2003

)

Zi

mba

bwe

Con

serv

atio

n Ta

sk F

orce

(S

epte

mbe

r 200

3)

7* a

t lea

st; (

June

200

2)

The

Her

ald

(Har

are

(Apr

il 20

02)

Thes

e m

ay b

e in

clud

ed in

the

502

figur

e gi

ven

abov

e, b

ut d

ue to

lack

of d

etai

l we

are

unab

le

to c

ross

refe

renc

e.

6*; G

wai

Con

serv

ancy

(200

2)

The

Her

ald

(Har

are)

(Apr

il 20

02)

Thes

e m

ay b

e in

clud

ed in

the

502

figur

e gi

ven

abov

e, b

ut d

ue to

lack

of d

etai

l we

are

unab

le

to c

ross

refe

renc

e.

1*; C

hew

ore

(Apr

il 20

02)

The

Her

ald

(Har

are)

(Apr

il 20

02)

Thes

e m

ay b

e in

clud

ed in

the

502

figur

e gi

ven

abov

e, b

ut d

ue to

lack

of d

etai

l we

are

unab

le

to c

ross

refe

renc

e.

33*;

K

arib

a ar

ea,

Mid

land

s C

onse

rvan

cy (

Mar

ch 2

002

– Ju

ne

2002

)

Zim

babw

e C

onse

rvat

ion

Task

For

ce

/ Wild

life

Not

ice

Boa

rd (J

une

2002

) Th

ese

may

be

incl

uded

in th

e 50

2 fig

ure

give

n ab

ove,

but

due

to la

ck o

f det

ail w

e ar

e un

able

to

cro

ss re

fere

nce

502;

(Jan

uary

– Ju

ly 2

002)

A

G

loba

l Pr

oble

m

(Nov

embe

r 20

02).

Quo

ted

from

a c

onfid

entia

l go

vern

men

t sou

rce.

43

; yea

r 200

1

Pr

op 1

2.10

Zim

babw

e

35; y

ear 2

000

Prop

12.

10

41

14; (

Aug

ust 2

000)

Th

e H

eral

d (A

pril

2002

) 33

; K

arib

a ar

ea,

Mid

land

s C

onse

rvan

cy (

Mar

ch 2

002

– Ju

ne

2002

)

Wild

life

Not

ice

Boa

rd (J

une

2002

)

65; (

1999

)

Pr

op.

11.2

4 1,

378;

resu

lts fr

om a

n ae

rial c

ount

in

the

Zam

bezi

val

ley

in la

te 1

999

Leth

al E

xper

imen

t, EI

A (2

000)

84

elep

hant

s;

Che

wor

e N

atio

nal

Park

(199

9)

Reu

ters

(Nov

embe

r 199

9)

22

tusk

s; (O

ctob

er 2

006)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e

7,

000k

g; (M

ay 2

006)

Sund

ay T

imes

(Ju

ly 2

006)

/ C

oP14

Pr

op 6

30

pi

eces

; B

eit

Brid

ge

(Sep

tem

ber 2

006)

CoP

14 P

rop

6

27

tus

ks a

nd ‘

vari

ous

othe

r iv

ory

good

s’; (

June

200

6)

12

pie

ces /

47.

5kg;

(Apr

il 20

06)

10

0 pi

eces

; B

eit

Brid

ge (

May

20

06)

N

ews 2

4 (M

ay 2

006)

42

tu

sks;

C

hew

ore

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk (1

999)

Reu

ters

(Nov

embe

r 199

9)

17

tusk

s / 1

56.5

0kg;

(199

9)

Le

thal

Exp

erim

ent (

2000

)

76 t

usks

on

seen

on

sale

in

Gok

we

area

(Nov

embe

r 200

3)

John

ny

Rod

rigue

s, Zi

mba

bwe

Con

serv

atio

n Ta

sk

Forc

e R

epor

t (N

ovem

ber 2

003)

42

Non

-Ran

ge S

tate

s C

ount

ry

Seiz

ures

of I

vory

Iv

ory

Mar

kets

R

efer

ence

/Not

es

Afg

hani

stan

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Alb

ania

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Alg

eria

C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

bet

wee

n 20

00

and

2004

Alg

eria

n C

usto

ms (

June

200

4)

And

orra

C

usto

ms r

epor

ts n

o se

izur

es

A

ndor

ra C

usto

ms A

utho

rity

(Mar

ch 2

004)

A

ntig

ua a

nd B

arbu

da

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

A

rgen

tina

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

A

rmen

ia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

10.5

kg /

20 tu

sks /

206

pie

ces;

(200

6)

CIT

ES M

anag

emen

t Aut

horit

y, A

ustra

lia (2

007)

13.6

25kg

/ 19

tusk

s / 2

56 p

iece

s;

(200

5)

CIT

ES M

anag

emen

t Aut

horit

y, A

ustra

lia (2

007)

46

.474

kg /

14 tu

sks /

119

pie

ces;

(2

004)

C

ITES

Man

agem

ent A

utho

rity,

Aus

tralia

(200

7)

Aus

tral

ia

1.

94kg

/ 29

tusk

s / 3

12 p

iece

s; (2

003)

C

ITES

Man

agem

ent A

utho

rity,

Aus

tralia

(200

7)

Aus

tria

70

item

s (19

98)

St

op th

e C

lock

Rep

ort (

Apr

il 20

00)

Aze

rbai

jan

Cus

tom

s rep

orts

no

seiz

ures

Min

istry

of E

colo

gy a

nd N

atur

al R

esou

rces

(M

arch

200

4)

Bah

amas

N

o se

izur

es re

porte

d be

twee

n 19

98 a

nd

2004

Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

(May

200

4)

Bah

rain

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Bar

bado

s

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Bel

arus

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

94 sc

ulpt

ures

/ 3

tusk

s; (2

006)

Bel

gium

CIT

ES M

anag

emen

t Aut

horit

y (2

007)

29

scul

ptur

es /

5 tu

sks;

(200

5)

B

elgi

um C

ITES

Man

agem

ent A

utho

rity

(200

7)

35kg

; Zav

ente

m A

irpor

t (Se

ptem

ber

2005

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

203

ivor

y ca

rvin

gs /

6 tu

sks /

1.4

8kg;

(2

004)

Bel

gium

CIT

ES M

anag

emen

t Aut

horit

y (2

007)

4 ca

rvin

gs; B

russ

els (

Apr

il 20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

50kg

; Bru

ssel

s (A

pril

2003

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

003)

40

kg; (

Apr

il 20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

Bel

gium

4 tu

sks &

5 c

arvi

ngs;

Bru

ssel

s (Ja

nuar

y 20

03)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

43

9 ca

rvin

gs; B

russ

els (

Mar

ch 2

003)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

003)

30

car

ving

s; B

russ

els (

Febr

uary

200

3)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

10kg

; (Ju

ne 2

002)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

003)

50

kg; (

May

200

2)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

44 p

iece

s / 1

06kg

; (A

ugus

t 200

1)

R

epor

t of t

he C

ITES

Afr

ican

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Mar

ch 2

004)

45

unw

orke

d tu

sks,

29 w

orke

d tu

sks

and

405

ivor

y ite

ms /

150

kg; (

June

20

01)

A

C18

Doc

5.1

230

carv

ed it

ems;

Bru

ssel

s (O

ctob

er

2000

)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

19

No

1 (2

001)

Bel

ize

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

B

oliv

ia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

B

osni

a &

Her

zego

vina

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Bra

zil

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

B

ulga

ria

128.

5kg

raw

ivor

y; (1

998)

Min

istry

of E

nviro

nmen

t and

Wat

ers,

Bul

garia

(M

arch

200

4)

Bur

undi

13

kg; (

2007

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

007)

1 gu

n w

ith iv

ory

grip

; (20

06)

En

viro

nmen

t Can

ada

(200

7)

1 iv

ory

hand

le o

n sw

ord;

(200

6)

En

viro

nmen

t Can

ada

(200

7)

6 br

acel

ets a

nd p

enda

nts;

(200

5)

En

viro

nmen

t Can

ada

(200

7)

108

wor

ked

piec

es; (

2004

) inc

ludi

ng:

70kg

; Tor

onto

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

C

anad

ian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

Th

e O

ttaw

a C

itize

n (F

ebru

ary

2004

) 31

7 w

orke

d pi

eces

(200

3)

C

anad

ian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

12

0 w

orke

d pi

eces

; (20

01)

C

anad

ian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Nov

embe

r 200

2)

21 w

orke

d pi

eces

; (20

00)

C

anad

ian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Nov

embe

r 200

2)

4,36

3 pi

eces

(jew

elle

ry) /

10k

g;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

000)

Can

adia

n W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (N

ovem

ber 2

002)

135

wor

ked

piec

es; (

1999

)

Can

adia

n W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (N

ovem

ber 2

002)

Can

ada

48 w

orke

d pi

eces

; (19

98)

C

anad

ian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Nov

embe

r 200

2)

Cap

e V

erde

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Chi

le

2 tu

sks;

(Mar

ch 2

002)

IFA

W (M

ay 2

002)

C

olom

bia

Col

ombi

a re

ports

no

seiz

ures

bet

wee

n 19

98 a

nd 2

004

C

ITES

MA

(Jun

e 20

04)

44

Com

oros

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Coo

k Is

land

s

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Cos

ta R

ica

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

C

roat

ia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

C

uba

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

C

ypru

s 27

wor

ked

piec

es; L

arna

ca In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort (

Apr

il 20

00)

D

epar

tmen

t of C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e (S

epte

mbe

r 20

02)

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

1

piec

e; B

illun

d A

irpor

t (Ju

ly 2

003)

Told

Ska

t (M

arch

200

4)

1 pi

ece;

Cop

enha

gen

Airp

ort (

June

200

3)

To

ld S

kat (

Mar

ch 2

004)

2

tusk

s; B

illun

d A

irpor

t (Fe

brua

ry 2

003)

Told

Ska

t (M

arch

200

4)

2 tu

sks a

nd 1

pie

ce; (

Febr

uary

200

1)

To

ld S

kat (

Sept

embe

r 200

2)

Den

mar

k

4 tu

sks;

(Oct

ober

200

0)

To

ld S

kat (

Sept

embe

r 200

2)

Djib

outi

16 p

iece

s; D

jibou

ti-vi

lle (J

une

2001

)

AC

18 D

oc 5

.1

Dom

inic

a

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Dom

inic

an R

epub

lic

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

E

ast T

imor

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Ecu

ador

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

1 pi

ece;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

005)

Egyp

tian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(May

200

7)

43kg

; (Ju

ly 2

004)

Egyp

tian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(May

200

7)

4 pi

eces

; (A

pril

2004

)

Egyp

tian

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(May

200

7)

25 tu

sks &

42

ivor

y pi

eces

; Cai

ro (J

une

2002

)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

003)

212

piec

es r

aw iv

ory

and

103.

3kgs

w

orke

d iv

ory;

(May

200

2)

IF

AW

(200

4)

3,00

0kg;

(May

200

2)

IF

AW

(200

2)

230

tusk

s / 8

50kg

; Asw

an (N

ovem

ber

2001

)

CIT

ES M

A (N

ovem

ber 2

001)

2 pi

eces

; (Se

ptem

ber 2

000)

Prop

12.

11

1,44

1 pi

eces

/ 1,

576.

250k

g; (J

uly

2000

)

CIT

ES M

A (N

ovem

ber 2

001)

2

piec

es /

8kg;

(Apr

il 20

00)

Pa

chyd

erm

No.

28

(Jan

uary

– Ju

ne 2

000)

2

piec

es; 1

2kg;

(Mar

ch 2

000)

Pach

yder

m N

o. 2

8 (J

anua

ry –

June

200

0)

79 p

iece

s / 1

38.9

5kg;

(Mar

ch 2

000)

CIT

ES M

A (N

ovem

ber 2

001)

35

pie

ces /

53.

750k

g; (F

ebru

ary

2000

)

Pach

yder

m N

o. 2

8 (J

anua

ry –

June

200

0)

Egy

pt

7 pi

eces

/ 30

kg; (

Febr

uary

200

0)

Pa

chyd

erm

No.

28

(Jan

uary

– Ju

ne 2

000)

45

2 pi

eces

/ 12

kg; (

Janu

ary

2000

)

CIT

ES M

A /

Pach

yder

m N

o. 2

8 (J

anua

ry –

June

20

00)

4 pi

eces

/ 10

kg; (

Janu

ary

2000

)

CIT

ES M

A /

Pach

yder

m N

o. 2

8 (J

anua

ry –

June

20

00)

40kg

; (O

ctob

er 1

999)

CIT

ES M

A (N

ovem

ber 2

001)

29

pie

ces /

65k

g; (S

epte

mbe

r 199

9)

C

ITES

MA

/ Pa

chyd

erm

No.

28

(Jan

uary

– Ju

ne

2000

) 2

piec

es /

6kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 1

999)

CIT

ES M

A /

Pach

yder

m N

o. 2

8 (J

anua

ry –

June

20

00)

10

,709

item

s see

n on

sale

dur

ing

2005

in

vest

igat

ion.

N

o O

asis

, TR

AFF

IC (2

005)

La

rge

quan

titie

s of i

vory

off

ered

for

sale

in S

harm

el S

heik

h, 1

ven

dor

repo

rted

it to

be

rece

ntly

poa

ched

in

Nor

ther

n K

enya

and

bro

ught

to E

gypt

by

an

ivor

y de

aler

Pers

com

m: O

rny

Ferr

ari (

Apr

il 20

01)

El S

alva

dor

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

E

ston

ia

Cus

tom

s rep

ort n

o se

izur

es b

etw

een

1998

an

d 20

03

M

aksu

– Ja

Tol

liam

et (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

Fiji

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

9

piec

es; O

rigin

ated

in G

uine

a (2

003)

Tulli

halli

tus –

Nat

iona

l Boa

rd o

f Cus

tom

s (F

ebru

ary

2004

) 1

carv

ed tu

sk; O

rigin

ated

in C

hina

(2

003)

Tulli

halli

tus –

Nat

iona

l Boa

rd o

f Cus

tom

s (F

ebru

ary

2004

) 1

carv

ed tu

sk; O

rigin

ated

in U

SA (2

003)

Tulli

halli

tus –

Nat

iona

l Boa

rd o

f Cus

tom

s (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

Finl

and

Ivor

y la

mp;

Orig

inat

ed in

Ban

gkok

(1

999)

Tulli

halli

tus –

Nat

iona

l Boa

rd o

f Cus

tom

s (F

ebru

ary

2004

) 1,

878.

5kg

/ 473

ivor

y ite

ms;

(200

6)

Incl

udin

g: 9

21kg

of I

vory

blo

cks a

nd

600k

g of

Ivor

y ch

ips;

(Nov

200

6)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (A

pril

2007

)

284.

2kg

/ 778

ivor

y ite

ms;

(200

5)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (A

pril

2007

)

Fran

ce

309.

2kg

/ 412

ivor

y ite

ms;

(200

4)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (A

pril

2007

)

46

162.

9kg;

(200

3)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (Ju

ly 2

004)

12

8.1k

g; (2

002)

Dire

ctio

n G

ener

ale

Des

Don

anes

Et D

roits

In

dire

cts (

July

200

4)

350k

g; (2

001)

Dire

ctio

n G

ener

ale

Des

Don

anes

Et D

roits

In

dire

cts (

July

200

4)

370.

5kg;

(200

0)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (Ju

ly 2

004)

1,

017k

g; (1

999)

In

clud

ing:

420

kg w

orke

d iv

ory

seiz

ed

trave

lling

from

Rw

anda

on

rout

e to

Japa

n (N

ovem

ber 1

999)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (Ju

ly 2

004)

D

irect

ion

Gen

eral

e D

es D

onan

es E

t Dro

its

Indi

rect

s (Ju

ly 2

004)

600k

g tu

sks;

Par

is a

irpor

t, se

ized

from

N

orth

Kor

ean

dipl

omat

trav

ellin

g fr

om

Cam

eroo

n to

Chi

na (O

ctob

er 1

998)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol 1

7 N

o 3

(Jan

uary

199

9)

Gam

bia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

G

eorg

ia

Aut

horit

y re

ports

no

seiz

ures

56

pie

ces a

nd 4

tusk

s; (2

006)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (2

007)

74

pie

ces a

nd 1

6 tu

sks;

(200

5)

C

ITES

MA

/ B

unde

sam

t fur

Nat

ursc

hutz

(Aug

ust

2006

) 60

pie

ces a

nd 8

tusk

s; (2

004)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (A

ugus

t 20

06)

61 p

iece

s and

6 tu

sks;

(200

3)

C

ITES

MA

/ B

unde

sam

t fur

Nat

ursc

hutz

(Mar

ch

2004

) 11

0 pi

eces

and

7 tu

sks;

(200

2)

C

ITES

MA

/ B

unde

sam

t fur

Nat

ursc

hutz

(Mar

ch

2004

) 62

pie

ces a

nd 2

tusk

s; (2

001)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (M

arch

20

04)

265

piec

es a

nd 6

tusk

s; (2

000)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (M

arch

20

04)

1,04

4 pi

eces

and

15

tusk

s; (1

999)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (M

arch

20

04)

Ger

man

y

327

piec

es a

nd 6

tusk

s; (1

998)

CIT

ES M

A /

Bun

desa

mt f

ur N

atur

schu

tz (M

arch

20

04)

47

Gre

ece

Cus

tom

s rep

orts

no

seiz

ures

Cus

tom

s Gen

eral

Dire

ctor

ate

(Nov

200

2)

Gre

nada

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Gua

tem

ala

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

G

uine

a-B

issa

u

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Guy

ana

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

H

aiti

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

H

ondu

ras

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

43

pie

ces;

(200

6)

H

unga

ry C

ITES

MA

(200

7)

12 p

iece

s; (2

005)

Hun

gary

CIT

ES M

A (2

007)

37

pie

ces;

(200

4)

H

unga

ry C

ITES

MA

(200

7)

2 pi

eces

; (20

03)

D

irect

or fo

r Crim

inal

Aff

airs

, Hun

gary

(Mar

ch

2004

) 12

pie

ces;

5 w

orke

d pi

eces

and

7

unw

orke

d pi

eces

(200

2)

D

irect

or fo

r Crim

inal

Aff

airs

, Hun

gary

(Mar

ch

2004

)

Hun

gary

32 w

orke

d pi

eces

& 1

unw

orke

d pi

ece;

(2

001)

Dire

ctor

for C

rimin

al A

ffai

rs, H

unga

ry (M

arch

20

04)

Icel

and

Cus

tom

s rep

ort n

o se

izur

es d

urin

g 20

03

To

llstjo

rinn

i Rey

kjav

ik (F

ebru

ary

2004

) Ir

an

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Ir

aq

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

dur

ing

2003

Off

ice

of th

e R

even

ue C

omm

issi

oner

s (M

arch

20

04)

Irel

and

Box

ivor

y ca

rvin

gs; (

Janu

ary

1998

)

Off

ice

of th

e R

even

ue C

omm

issi

oner

s (A

ugus

t 20

02)

Isra

el

3 tu

sks /

13k

g; (1

999)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

000)

13

0 w

orke

d pi

eces

; Rom

e In

tern

atio

nal

Airp

ort (

Apr

200

3)

A

FP (A

pr 2

003)

5 pi

eces

; Fire

nze

Airp

ort (

July

200

2)

A

genz

ia D

elle

Dog

ane

(Oct

ober

200

2)

Orig

in: I

vory

Coa

st

18 p

iece

s; F

irenz

e A

irpor

t (A

pril

2002

)

Age

nzia

Del

le D

ogan

e (O

ctob

er 2

002)

Orig

in: I

vory

Coa

st

Ital

y

2 pi

eces

; Fire

nze

Airp

ort (

Janu

ary

2002

)

Age

nzia

Del

le D

ogan

e (O

ctob

er 2

002)

Orig

in: I

vory

Coa

st

48

0.75

kg; V

eron

a A

irpor

t (O

ctob

er 2

001)

Age

nzia

Del

le D

ogan

e (O

ctob

er 2

002)

Orig

in: N

amib

ia

5 pi

eces

; Anc

ona

Airp

ort (

June

200

1)

A

genz

ia D

elle

Dog

ane

(Oct

ober

200

2)

Orig

in: M

ozam

biqu

e, v

ia S

outh

Afr

ica

10 p

iece

s; V

eron

a A

irpor

t (M

ay 2

001)

Age

nzia

Del

le D

ogan

e (O

ctob

er 2

002)

Orig

in: B

enin

Jam

aica

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

3,00

0kg;

Osa

ka (A

ugus

t 200

6)

Th

e A

sahi

Shi

mbu

n (O

ctob

er 2

006)

24

pie

ces;

(200

6)

JW

CS

(200

7)

1755

pie

ces;

(200

5)

JW

CS

(200

7)

15 p

iece

s; (2

004)

JWC

S (2

007)

61

pie

ces;

(200

3)

JW

CS

(200

7)

132

tusk

sect

ions

/ 50

0kg;

Tok

yo (A

pril

2000

)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

18

No

2 (A

pril

2000

)

1,20

0 ha

nkos

; exp

orte

d fr

om H

ong

Kon

g (1

999)

JWC

S (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

2 pi

eces

raw

ivor

y; e

xpor

ted

from

Se

nega

l (19

99)

JW

CS

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

100

hank

os; e

xpor

ted

from

Chi

na (1

998)

JWC

S (F

ebru

ary

2004

) 3

piec

es; e

xpor

ted

from

the

Can

ary

Isla

nds (

1998

)

JWC

S (F

ebru

ary

2004

)

Japa

n

145

scul

ptur

es; e

xpor

ted

from

Hon

g K

ong

(199

8)

JW

CS

(Feb

ruar

y 20

04)

Jord

an

8 tu

sks /

20k

g; R

amth

a C

ross

ing

bord

er

(Apr

il 20

00)

C

usto

ms D

epar

tmen

t of J

orda

n (A

ugus

t 200

2)

Tusk

s co

ntai

ned

coca

ine

Kaz

akhs

tan

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

K

irib

ati

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

K

orea

, Dem

ocra

tic P

eopl

e’s

Rep

ublic

(Nor

th)

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Kor

ea, R

epub

lic o

f (So

uth)

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Kuw

ait

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

K

yrgy

zsta

n

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

49

Lat

via

2 se

izur

es h

ave

been

mad

e (J

uly

2004

)

Nat

iona

l Cus

tom

s Boa

rd (M

arch

200

4)

Leb

anon

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Les

otho

C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

Dep

artm

ent o

f Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Sep

tem

ber

2002

) L

ibya

n A

rab

Jam

ahir

iya

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

L

iech

tens

tein

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Lith

uani

a C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

from

199

8 to

20

04

C

usto

ms D

epar

tmen

t (M

arch

200

4)

Lux

embo

urg

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

M

aced

onia

, FR

YO

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Mad

agas

car

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

M

aldi

ves

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

M

alta

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Mar

shal

Isla

nds

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

M

auri

tius

Cus

tom

s rep

ort n

o se

izur

es b

etw

een

1998

an

d 20

03

C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e D

epar

tmen

t (Ja

nuar

y 20

04)

Mex

ico

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

M

icro

nesi

a

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Mol

dova

, Rep

ublic

of

CIT

ES M

A re

ports

no

seiz

ures

M

onac

o

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Mon

golia

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Mor

occo

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Nau

ru

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

L

arge

ship

men

t of e

leph

ant p

arts

se

ized

, inc

ludi

ng 2

2 le

gs, 8

tusk

s, 3

ears

, 3

tails

a sk

ull a

nd a

com

plet

e hi

de;

(Feb

ruar

y 20

05)

44 se

izur

es; (

2002

)

CIT

ES M

A B

ienn

ial R

epor

t 200

1-20

02

17 se

izur

es; (

2001

) Inc

ludi

ng:

518.

2kg

tusk

s; (2

001)

C

ITES

MA

Bie

nnia

l Rep

ort 2

001-

2002

Th

e Iv

ory

Mar

kets

of E

ast A

sia,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin

and

Dan

iel S

tiles

/ Sa

ve th

e El

epha

nts (

2003

) 39

seiz

ures

; (20

00)

C

ITES

MA

, Bie

nnia

l Rep

ort 1

999-

2000

Net

herl

ands

26 se

izur

es; (

1999

)

CIT

ES M

A, B

ienn

ial R

epor

t 199

9-20

00

3 ca

rvin

gs; 2

cas

es; (

2006

)

N

ew Z

eala

nd

11 c

arvi

ngs;

7 c

ases

(200

5)

50

3 ca

rvin

gs a

nd 2

tusk

s; 4

cas

es (2

004)

25

car

ved

item

s; 9

cas

es (J

anua

ry –

July

20

02)

W

ildlif

e En

forc

emen

t Gro

up, N

Z C

usto

ms S

ervi

ce

(Aug

ust 2

002)

2

tusk

s and

61

carv

ed it

ems;

22

case

s (2

001)

Wild

life

Enfo

rcem

ent G

roup

, NZ

Cus

tom

s Ser

vice

(A

ugus

t 200

2)

6 pi

eces

and

2 c

arve

d ite

ms;

in 7

cas

es

(200

0)

W

ildlif

e En

forc

emen

t Gro

up, N

Z C

usto

ms S

ervi

ce

(Aug

ust 2

002)

N

icar

agua

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Niu

e

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

2 tu

sks /

17k

g; (D

ecem

ber 2

001)

Dire

ctor

ate

of C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e (A

ugus

t 200

2)

Nor

way

2

tusk

s; su

rren

dere

d by

Nor

weg

ian

Prim

e M

inis

ter (

Febr

uary

200

0)

A

ssoc

iate

d Pr

ess (

May

200

2)

Om

an

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Pa

kist

an

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Pa

lau

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Pa

nam

a

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Papu

a N

ew G

uine

a

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Para

guay

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Peru

C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

bet

wee

n 19

98

and

2004

SUN

AT-

AD

UA

NA

S (M

arch

200

4)

6,00

0kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

005)

Xin

huan

et (J

anua

ry 2

006)

28

6kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

005)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

47

2kg;

(Sep

tem

ber 2

005)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

006)

Phili

ppin

es

16 tu

sks /

125

kg; T

usks

repo

rtedl

y fr

om

Liby

a, se

ized

in N

inoy

Aqu

ino

Airp

ort,

Man

ila (

1998

)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

0)

1 pi

ece;

(Jul

y 20

01)

M

inis

try o

f Fin

ance

, Dire

ctor

of C

usto

ms P

olic

y D

epar

tmen

t (20

02)

2 pi

eces

/ 8.

11kg

; (Ja

nuar

y 20

01)

M

inis

try o

f Fin

ance

, Dire

ctor

of C

usto

ms P

olic

y D

epar

tmen

t (20

02)

4 pi

eces

/ 85

g; (N

ovem

ber 2

000)

Min

istry

of F

inan

ce, D

irect

or o

f Cus

tom

s Pol

icy

Dep

artm

ent (

2002

) 6

piec

es; (

Aug

ust 2

000)

Min

istry

of F

inan

ce, D

irect

or o

f Cus

tom

s Pol

icy

Dep

artm

ent (

2002

)

Pola

nd

1 ca

rved

tusk

; (Ju

ne 2

000)

Min

istry

of F

inan

ce, D

irect

or o

f Cus

tom

s Pol

icy

Dep

artm

ent (

2002

)

51

26 w

orke

d ite

m a

nd 1

car

ved

tusk

; 8

sepa

rate

seiz

ures

(200

4)

D

irecc

ao d

e Se

rvic

os A

ntifr

aude

(Jun

e 20

04)

300k

g; se

ized

in L

isbo

n (F

ebru

ary

2000

)

Leth

al E

xper

imen

t, EI

A (2

000)

O

rigin

: Sou

th A

fric

a

Port

ugal

150

tusk

s / 1

,500

kg; s

eize

d in

Lis

bon

(Oct

ober

199

9)

Le

thal

Exp

erim

ent,

EIA

(200

0)

Qat

ar

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

R

oman

ia

Cus

tom

s rep

ort n

o se

izur

es

N

atio

nal A

utho

rity

of C

usto

ms (

Oct

ober

200

2)

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

500k

g; M

osco

w a

irpor

t (A

pril

1999

)

Hum

ane

Soci

ety

of th

e U

nite

d St

ates

(200

0)

St K

itts a

nd N

evis

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

St L

ucia

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

St V

ince

nt a

nd th

e G

rena

dine

s

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Sam

oa

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Sa

n M

arin

o

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Sao

Tom

e an

d Pr

inci

pe

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Sa

udi A

rabi

a

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Serb

ia a

nd M

onte

negr

o C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

(200

2 –

2003

)

Min

istry

for t

he P

rote

ctio

n of

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

es

and

Envi

ronm

ent o

f the

Rep

ublic

of S

erbi

a (D

ecem

ber 2

003)

Se

yche

lles

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

10

0 pi

eces

ivor

y sc

raps

; (O

ctob

er 2

006)

Agr

i-Foo

d &

Vet

erin

ary

Aut

horit

y, S

inga

pore

(M

arch

200

7)

2 tu

sks;

(Ja

nuar

y 20

06)

A

gri-F

ood

& V

eter

inar

y A

utho

rity,

Sin

gapo

re

(Aug

ust 2

006)

53

2 tu

sks,

40,8

10 c

arve

d pi

eces

/ 6,

000k

g; sh

ippe

d fr

om Z

ambi

a. (

June

20

02)

LA

TF (2

002)

40

,810

car

ved

item

s wer

e Ja

pane

se st

yle

blan

k H

anko

s rea

dy

for f

urth

er c

arvi

ng.

Ship

men

t ori

gina

ted

in Z

ambi

a, tr

ansi

ted

thro

ugh

Mal

awi a

nd

Sout

h Af

rica

bef

ore

bein

g in

terc

epte

d in

Sin

gapo

re.

Des

tinat

ion

was

Jap

an.

A

t lea

st 2

0 ba

ngle

s of i

vory

seen

in

Sing

apor

e, v

endo

r ver

ified

it w

as m

ade

of n

ew e

leph

ant i

vory

(Feb

ruar

y 20

02)

Bor

n Fr

ee F

ound

atio

n (2

002)

Sing

apor

e

2,

700

item

s on

sale

in 2

3 sh

ops

(Nov

embe

r 200

0 –

Janu

ary

2001

) Th

e So

uth

and

Sout

h Ea

st A

sian

Ivor

y M

arke

ts,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin &

Dan

iel S

tiles

/Sav

e Th

e El

epha

nts (

2002

)

52

2 w

orke

d tu

sks a

nd 2

raw

tusk

s; (2

003)

Cus

tom

s Dire

ctor

ate

of th

e Sl

ovak

Rep

ublic

(F

ebru

ary

2004

) 4

tusk

s; (A

pril

2002

)

Cus

tom

s Dire

ctor

ate

of th

e Sl

ovak

Rep

ublic

(A

ugus

t 200

2)

Ori

gina

ted

in B

otsw

ana,

tran

site

d th

roug

h So

uth

Afri

ca,

Ger

man

y an

d C

zech

Rep

ublic

Slov

akia

2 tu

sks;

as w

ell a

s 2x

ear,

4x so

le, 4

x pa

rt of

the

leg,

1x

tail,

1x

trunk

, 2x

part

of th

e ea

r, 8x

par

t of t

he sk

in, 2

x cl

aw -

teet

h (D

ecem

ber 1

999)

K

atka

Mlá

denk

ová

(Aug

ust 2

006)

Slov

enia

C

usto

ms r

epor

ts n

o se

izur

es fr

om 1

999

– 20

03

Sl

oven

ian

Cus

tom

s (Fe

brua

ry 2

004)

Solo

man

Isla

nds

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

2,

900k

g; M

adrid

(Jul

y 20

04).

Fol

low

ed a

pr

evio

us se

izur

e of

110

kg o

f ele

phan

t hai

r, m

ade

up

of 5

80,0

00 in

divi

dual

hai

rs

SE

PRO

NA

(Jul

y 20

04) /

Reu

ters

(Jul

y 20

04)

15 tu

sks a

nd 4

41 p

iece

s; (2

003)

SEPR

ON

A (J

uly

2004

) 18

1 pi

eces

; (20

02)

SE

PRO

NA

(Jul

y 20

04)

17 tu

sks a

nd 1

95 p

iece

s; (2

001)

SEPR

ON

A (J

uly

2004

) 24

tusk

s and

191

pie

ces;

(200

0)

SE

PRO

NA

(Jul

y 20

04)

8 tu

sks a

nd 1

19 p

iece

s; (1

999)

SEPR

ON

A (J

uly

2004

)

Spai

n

32 tu

sks a

nd 4

32 Iv

ory

figur

es; (

1998

)

SEPR

ON

A (J

uly

2004

) Su

rina

m

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

C

usto

ms r

epor

t no

seiz

ures

dur

ing

2003

Swed

ish

Cus

tom

s (M

arch

200

4 )

3 m

edal

lions

; fro

m T

haila

nd (J

anua

ry –

A

ugus

t 200

2)

Sw

edis

h C

usto

ms (

Aug

ust 2

002)

Sw

eden

1 tu

sk a

nd 1

bra

cele

t; 20

01

Sw

edis

h C

usto

ms (

Aug

ust 2

002)

12

7kg;

Zur

ich

(200

3)

H

ead

of E

leph

ant P

rogr

amm

e, C

amer

oon

(200

3)

31kg

; (M

ay 2

003)

Con

fiden

tial S

ourc

e (2

003)

71

.4kg

; Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for N

ew

Yor

k (M

ay 2

003)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

4kg;

(May

200

3)

C

onfid

entia

l Sou

rce

(200

3)

11kg

; Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for N

ew

Yor

k (A

pril

2003

)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

Switz

erla

nd

1 tu

sk /

6kg;

Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for

New

Yor

k (J

anua

ry –

Apr

200

3)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol. 1

9 N

o 3

(200

3)

53

1.5k

g; Z

uric

h A

irpor

t, de

stin

ed fo

r New

Y

ork

(Jan

uary

– A

pr 2

003)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

7kg;

Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for N

ew

Yor

k (J

anua

ry –

Apr

200

3)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol. 1

9 N

o 3

(200

3)

3.3k

g; Z

uric

h A

irpor

t, de

stin

ed fo

r B

arce

lona

(Jan

uary

– A

pr 2

003)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

31.5

kg; Z

uric

h A

irpor

t, de

stin

ed fo

r M

adrid

(Jan

uary

– A

pr 2

003)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

300g

; Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for

Bru

ssel

s (Ja

nuar

y –

Apr

200

3)

TR

AFF

IC B

ulle

tin V

ol. 1

9 N

o 3

(200

3)

800g

; Zur

ich

Airp

ort,

dest

ined

for

Mos

cow

(ear

ly 2

003)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 19

No

3 (2

003)

20 tu

sks /

72k

g; (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

N

eue

Luze

rner

Zei

tung

(Mar

ch 2

002)

/ Th

e Iv

ory

Mar

kets

of E

ast A

sia,

Esm

ond

Mar

tin a

nd D

anie

l St

iles (

2003

)

Orig

in: K

enya

3.7k

g; (S

epte

mbe

r 200

1)

N

eue

Luze

rner

Zei

tung

(Mar

ch 2

002)

Sy

rian

Ara

b R

epub

lic

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

T

ajik

ista

n

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Ton

ga

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

T

rini

dad

and

Tob

ago

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

T

unis

ia

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

T

urke

y

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Tur

kmen

ista

n

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Tuv

alu

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

U

krai

ne

1 ca

rved

pie

ce; K

iev

Airp

ort (

Oct

ober

20

01)

Th

e St

ate

Cus

tom

s Ser

vice

of U

krai

ne (S

epte

mbe

r 20

02)

Ivor

y w

as fo

und

to b

e an

tique

1,84

5kg;

Dub

ai, o

rigin

ated

in K

enya

(O

ctob

er 1

999)

Hum

ane

Soci

ety

of th

e U

nite

d St

ates

(200

0)

61 it

ems;

(199

9)

D

epar

tmen

t of P

orts

and

Cus

tom

s (M

arch

200

0)

Uni

ted

Ara

b E

mir

ates

12 p

iece

s; (1

998)

Dep

artm

ent o

f Por

ts a

nd C

usto

ms (

Mar

ch 2

000)

U

nite

d K

ingd

om

13.5

kg /

2 tu

sks;

(200

4)

U

K C

ITES

MA

54

24 tu

sks /

650

kg; s

eize

d by

W

arw

icks

hire

Pol

ice

(Nov

embe

r 200

3)

El

epha

nts o

n th

e H

igh

Stre

et, I

FAW

(Mar

ch 2

004)

22 tu

sks,

126

piec

es; (

2003

)

HM

Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Feb

ruar

y 04

) 5

tusk

s, 74

pie

ces;

(200

2)

H

M C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e (F

ebru

ary

04)

8 tu

sks,

649

piec

es; (

2001

)

HM

Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Feb

ruar

y 04

) 58

tusk

s, 44

5kg;

from

Ken

ya, o

n th

e w

ay

to C

hina

(Apr

il 20

01)

El

epha

nts o

n th

e H

igh

Stre

et, I

FAW

(Mar

ch 2

004)

19 tu

sks,

84 p

iece

s; (2

000)

HM

Cus

tom

s and

Exc

ise

(Feb

ruar

y 04

) 12

tusk

s, 13

pie

ces;

(199

9)

H

M C

usto

ms a

nd E

xcis

e (F

ebru

ary

04)

87 c

arve

d iv

ory

item

s; d

ecla

red

as

hipp

opot

amus

teet

h (M

ay 1

998)

TRA

FFIC

Bul

letin

Vol

. 17

No

3 (J

anua

ry 1

999)

149

piec

es a

nd c

arvi

ngs /

4 tu

sks;

(2

006)

Uni

ted

Stat

es F

ish

and

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(200

6)

277

piec

es a

nd c

arvi

ngs /

9 tu

sks;

(2

005)

Uni

ted

Stat

es F

ish

and

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(200

6)

150

piec

es a

nd c

arvi

ngs /

4 tu

sks;

(2

004)

Uni

ted

Stat

es F

ish

and

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(200

6)

3 tu

sks;

Mia

mi A

irpor

t (Ju

ly 2

003)

Ass

ocia

ted

Pres

s (Ja

nuar

y 20

04)

12 it

ems o

f jew

elle

ry, 6

5 ca

rvin

gs, 1

8 iv

ory

piec

es, 2

pia

nos w

ith iv

ory

keys

, 9

tusk

s; (2

003)

U

nite

d St

ates

Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

56 it

ems o

f jew

elle

ry, 7

54 c

arvi

ngs,

2 iv

ory

piec

es a

nd 4

65 p

iano

key

s; (2

002)

Uni

ted

Stat

es F

ish

and

Wild

life

Serv

ice

(Sep

tem

ber 2

004)

14

4 ite

ms o

f jew

elle

ry, 2

01 c

arvi

ngs,

404

ivor

y pi

eces

, 155

pia

no k

eys,

1 tr

ophy

, 5 tu

sks;

(200

1)

U

nite

d St

ates

Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

94 it

ems o

f jew

elle

ry, 2

01 c

arvi

ngs,

5 iv

ory

piec

es, 1

pia

no w

ith iv

ory

keys

, 1

trop

hy a

nd 1

6 tu

sks (

2000

)

U

nite

d St

ates

Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

403

item

s of j

ewel

lery

, 361

car

ving

s, 18

iv

ory

piec

es, 4

trop

hies

and

13

tusk

s;

(199

9)

U

nite

d St

ates

Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

Uni

ted

Stat

es o

f Am

eric

a

165

item

s of j

ewel

lery

, 1,2

36 c

arvi

ngs,

1 ra

w p

iece

, 104

pia

no k

eys,

and

11

tusk

s; (1

998)

U

nite

d St

ates

Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

e Se

rvic

e (S

epte

mbe

r 200

4)

Uru

guay

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

55

Uzb

ekis

tan

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

V

anua

tu

67 tu

sks;

(Jun

e 20

00)

V

anua

tu M

ariti

me

Aut

horit

y (J

une

2000

) V

atic

an C

ity

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

V

enez

uela

N

o in

form

atio

n re

ceiv

ed

Yem

en

No

info

rmat

ion

rece

ived

Born Free Foundation3 Grove House, Foundry Lane, Horsham,West Sussex RH13 5PL UK www.bornfree.org.uk

Species Survival Network2100 L Street NW Washington, DC 20037 USA www.ssn.org