increasing & decreasing behaviors 1. increasing behaviors 2
TRANSCRIPT
Increasing & Decreasing Behaviors
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Increasing Behaviors
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Positive Reinforcers
□Add something to the environment
□Performer works to get it again•Primary/Secondary•Natural/Created
•Social•Tangible
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Negative Reinforcers
□Behavior increases to terminate an aversive event or to reduce intensity of an aversive event
□Something is subtracted from the environment
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Negative Reinforcement in
Action
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Maintaining Performance:
Schedules of Reinforcement
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Scheduling Options
□Continuous
□Intermittent
□Extinction
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Scheduling Options
□Continuous
□Intermittent
□Extinction
□Fixed/Variable□Interval/Ratio
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Intermittent Scheduling
Fixed□Regular,
predictable
Variable□Random occurrence
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Intermittent Scheduling
Interval□Passage of time
Ratio□Occurrence of
behavior
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FI
VI
FR
VR
Interval Ratio
Fix
ed
Vari
ab
le
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How Schedules Shape Behavior
□Which schedule best initiates behavior?
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How Schedules Shape Behavior
□Which schedule best initiates behavior?□Which schedule best sustains behavior?
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How Schedules Shape Behavior
□Which schedule best initiates behavior?□Which schedule best sustains behavior?□Which schedule best stops behavior?
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Which Schedule Results in the Most
Responses?
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Decreasing Behaviors
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Punishers
□Any consequence that follows a behavior that causes a reduction in the frequency of that behavior.
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Penalties
□Engaging in a behavior causes the performer to lose something of value.
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Why are Punishment & Penalty so Popular?
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What are the Negative Side Effects of Punishment?
□Escape & avoidance behaviors created
□Desired as well as undesired performance decreases
□Does not increase performance□Increases aggression□Mistakes -> problems□Consequences removed ->
unwanted recovery20
Summary
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