indentured labourers tom away from india and now ...map of 1751 clive and the battle of plassey...
TRANSCRIPT
Indentured labourersTom away from India ....
And now glorifying the world!!!
Leela Gujadhur Samp
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTGOVERNORS GENERAL/VICEROYS OF INDIA
PERIOD
2500 BC:
1500 BC:
600 BC:
563 - 468 BC :
325 BC:
250 BC:
183 BC:
80 AD:
100-130 AD:
2nd to 18th Century
A D : ,{ : •• •-. \. -
320-470 AD:
322 AD:
3rd to 4th CenturyAD:
510 AD:
712 AD:
977-1200 AD:
1206-1290 AD:
1296-13i6AD:
1325 -1351:
1398.1414.1451:
ANCIENT INDIA
MOHENJO-DARO
yEDAS AND THE CASTE SYSTEM
ANCIENT INDIA-MAP
KURUS. HASTINAPUR. KURUKSHETRA
MAGADH. SISHUNAG. PATLIPUTRA
BUDDHA AND MAHAVIR
THE NANDAS. MAURYAS. SUNGHAS AND KANVAS
ASHOKA PERIOD - MAP - 250 B.C.
KALINGA . . ' ./ i: . ' \ .' • u .'. . .' ••
DEMETRIUS. MENANDER. THE PARTHIANS
THE^ k u S H A N S ' ''• 'f- ' •'; : ; -; -- : • ; ; - ' ; :' - " ""• -•
THE SATAVAHANS OF ANDHRA ; ••••-.-
INDIAN INFLUENCE AND RULERS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA
THE GUPTAS
AJANTA. ELLORA. ELEPHANTA
GUPTA PERIOD-MAP - 322 AD.
THE PALLAVS: CHOLAS. P A N D Y A S .
SMALLER STATES. MANY RULERS. HARSHA VARDHAN.CHALUKYAS
THE RAJPUTS. GURJARS. PRATIHARA TRIBES
MAHMUD GHAZNI. GHAURI. PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN
THE SLAVE DYNASTY - AIBAK
THE KHILJI DYNASTY
THE TUGHLAKH DYNASTY
TIMUR.
SAYYEDS.
XII- XVIXVII-XVIII
XIX
PAGES
1
1
1/3
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
10
10
10
11
12
12
12
13
13
(I)
PERIOD PAGES
1398.1414.1451: LODIS. s • 13
1498: THE PORTUGUESE 15
ESTADO DA INDIA .>: / 15
; FARMAN OF AKBAR ;
1526: THE TIMURID DYNASTY (THE MUGHALS) • 17
BABAR, THE TIMURID PRINCE. 17
HUMAYUN. ; . , 17/18
SHER SHAH SUR. 18
HUMAYUN IN EXILE ; 18
THE RETURN OF HUMAYUN. 18
: r •: -:.•••: ••; • A K B A R • > ••• .. • • ; . . , . ••• . .• • , . > \ ; . ' . : y ; . • • . ; • . - • 1 9
FAMINES 19
THE DUTCH 20
MAP (1600 A.D.) 21
EAST INDIA COMPANY 22
WILLIAM HAWKINS. 22
SIR THOMAS ROE 23
JEHANGIR 24
COROMANDEL EAST COAST. MADRAS 25
MONARCHS IN ENGLAND V/S EAST INDIA COMPANY 25
SHAHJAHAN 26/27
THE PEACOCK THRONE 27. . . . . , • . . y - , . • , . . • • . • • • • •• •
F A M I N E ' " ' ' J ' ' ' •"• .:':-/' ""-,.',.'., .•.,'. ••'•..•;. ' • T 7
FAMINE: - BERNIER AND MUNDY'S REPORTS , 27
CHARNOCK - CALCUTTA ; 28
DISINTEGRATION OF INDIA . , 29
THE RULE OF AURANGZEB 30/31
FORCED CONVERSION TO ISLAM; : 3 1
1658: BAHADUR SHAH ALAM. JAHANDAR SHAH. FARRUKSIYAR 31
1555
1595
1600
1600
1605
1605
1611
1625
1626
1633
1630
1630
1655
1 7.h
1658
-56:
:
:
:
:
J
:
-49:
:
:
-32:
-32:
-56:
Century
.
(II)
PERIOD PAGES
1664: SURAT. SHIVAJI 31
1666: THE FRENCH 3 2
1668: BOMBAY AND THE BRAGANZA 32
1670: AUNGIER AND BOMBAY 32/33
1674: SHIVAJI 33
1684: REVOLT WITHIN THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 33/34
1691: MERGER WITH EAST INDIA COMPANY 34
1712: FUNDING THE BRITISH CROWN BY THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 34
1712: PESHWA BAJI RAO AND SHAHU 34/35
1714: GEORGE I & II 35
1717: THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S FIRST ROYAL DICTAT FROM
EMPEROR FARRUKHSIYAR 35
1719: FIVE MUGHAL EMPERORS IN SEVEN MONTHS 35/36
1719: EMPEROR MOHAMMAD SHAH 36
1726: BAJI RAO 36
1727-39: GOVERNORS OF BENGAL. BEHAR AND ORISSA 36/37
1740: ALIVARDI KHAN 37
1741 - 42: MIR HABIB AND THE MARATHAS 38
1742: SAFDARJANG 38
1743: RAGHUJI BHONSLE 38/39
1744: MURDER OF BHASKAR RAO 39
1744-45: REBELLION BY GULAM MUSTAFA KHAN 39/40
1746: REVENUE SHARED BY THE EMPEROR, THE MARATHAS
AND ALIVARDI KHAN 41
1747: MIR JAFFAR 41
1748: THE DEFILEMENT OF PATNA 41/42
1748: SLOWDOWN OF TRADE 42
1748: EMPERORS MOHAMMED SHAH. AHMED SHAH 43
1749: ORISSA AND CUTTACK 43
1749: WAGES BUT NO ARMY 43/44
1749-54: THE CARNATIC WARS 44/45
THE NAWAB OF ARCOT 45
1750: SIRAJ-UD-DAULA AND PATNA. 45/46(HI)
PERIOD
11751:
1751:
1757:
1762:
1764:
1764:
1769:
1769 - 70:
1773:
1774:
1775:
1778:
1783 - 84:
1783:
1786:
1786-93:
1787-92:
SIRAJ-UD-DAULA. THE BLACK HOLE OF CALCUTTA. ORISSAAGAIN-FINAL AGREEMENT & PEACE
MAP OF 1751
CLIVE AND THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY
YOUNG PROTEGES
THE PLUNDER OF INDIA BY THE BRITISH
THE BATTLE OF BUXAR
DECADENCE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
EQUAL STATUS OF THE BRITISH WITH THE MUGHALVICEROYS OF BENGAL
SATI PRATHA
SACRIFICE
DIWANI OF BENGAL
FAMINE
COMMERCIAL & POLITICAL PERIODS
REGULATION ACT OF LORD NORTH
INDIA BILL AND GOVERNOR GENERAL
WARREN HASTINGS
THE IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
LAND DISPUTES AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
THE BRITISH V/S THE MARATHAS
THE NIZAM AND HYDER ALI
NEW TAXES
THE CROWN V/S THE COMPANY FOR CONTROL IN INDIA
FAMINE ^
INDIA BILL BY CHARLES FOX AND WILLIAM PITT
CORNWALLIS
ZAMINDARI AND THE PLIGHT OF THE PEASANTS
PURIFICATION AND REFORMS BY CORNWALLIS.
DISTRUST OF INDIAN NATIVES IN HIGH POSTS
THOMAS MUNRO. SYMPATHIZER OF INDIAN NATIVES
FAMINE
46
47
48
49
49/50/51
51/52
52
52
53
54
55
55
56
56
56
57
58
58
59
59
59
59/60
60
60
61
61
61/62
62
62/63
63
63/64
64
(IV)
PERIOD PAGES
1793: SIR JOHN SHORE 65
1795: • •"•'•:*:'"'V1"MAP OF 1795 •;;'-.;/ .;! ''r. - :; •', -.;:' '•'/-' ' \ -V'H/K' ' '66
1797: WELLESLEY , 67
1802-04: FAMINE ...... 67,
1804: THE MARATHA WAR , 68/69
LIFE OF THE EARLY BRITISHERS 69
1805: MAP OF 1805 70
EUROPEAN AND INDIAN PERSONAL HABITS.
OTHER EUROPEAN COMPANIES. 71/72
1805: SIR GEORGE BARLOW 73
1805-07: FAMINE 73
1806: MINTO 74
1808: PIRACY ON THE HIGH SEAS 74
1810: CAPTURE OF ILE DE FRANCE (MAURITIUS) 75
THE SUBDUED MARATHAS 75
PINDARIS 7 5
1811-13: FAMINE 75
1813: ABOLITION OF MONOPOLY OF INDIAN TRADE 75
1813: RENEWAL OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY CHARTER-1813 75/76
1813: FRANCIS RAWDON HASTINGS 76
1814: WAR AGAINST NEPAL 76
1816: SUPREMACY OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 77
ACHIEVEMENTS OF LORD HASTINGS 77/78
CONVERSION TO CHRISTIANITY 781815: INDIAN CONVICTS » 7 8
1816: FREE INDIANS IN MAURITIUS 78/79
1822: JOHN ADAMS VERSUS THE PRESS ^ 79
1823: FAMINE . : 79
ADDITIONAL TERRITORIES AND CONTINUOUS
EXPANSION 79
1823: AMHERST 79/80
1823: MAP OF 1823 . 81
(V)
PERIOD
1824 - 25:
1828:
1833:
1833:
1833:
1833-34:
1834:
1834-35:
1835:
1837:
1837:
1838:
1838:
1838 - 40:
1839:
1839:
1841:
1842:
1842:
1844:
1847:
1844-47:
FAMINE AND INLAND EMIGRATION
B E N T I N C K . ;. . •• ,;•-..
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE BRITISH COLONIES
ABOLITION OF TEA AND OTHER TRADES WITH CHINA
APPOINTMENT OF INDIAN NATIVES IN HIGH POSTS
FAMINE
INDENTURED LABOUR TO MAURITIUS
ILE DE FRANCE (MAURITIUS). THE COLONY OF SLAVES
METCALFE
MAPOF1836
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V & ACT XXXII OF 1837
ILL-TREATMENT OF EMIGRANTS IN MAURITIUS
FAMINE
SUSPENSION OF EMIGRATION
THE NATIVE OF INDIA PROTECTION BILL
AUCKLAND ,
COMMITTEES FOR THE ENQUIRY IN INDIAN EMIGRANTS'ILL-TREATMENT
ENQUIRING COMMITTEE IN MAURITIUS
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV OF 1839
APPENDIX TO MINUTE 3., FROM MAURITIUS
ELLENBQROUGH
RESUMPTION OF EMIGRATION AND PROTECTORS OFEMIGRANTS,;.;..- . .- ; .. , r "\-.<:.::: ;.,. ; , - • ••... •.;.,.;
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XV OF 1842 AND XXI OF 1843
HARDINGE
"MARICH", THE SYNONYM OF EMIGRATION; * s
INDIAN ACTS VERSUS MAURITIUS ORDINANCES.
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XXI, XXV, VIII AND XIII(1844-1847). ^ , , ,,'--•
82
83
84
84
84/85
85
86/87/88
88/89
89
?0
91
91
91/92
92
92/93
93
93/94/95
96
97/98
98-103
104
104
105
105/106
106
106/107
107
(VI)
PERIOD PAGES
1847:
1852-55:
1853:
1853:
1854:
1856:
1856:
1856:
1856-60:
1857:
1858:
1858:
1861:
1862:
1862:
1862:
1864:
1864:
SAILING VESSELS OF 1850 1 1 108
A SAILING VESSELS OF 2000 • I ' I ;
DALHOUSIE 109
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT IV AND ACT XXIV OF 1852
AND ACT XXXI OF 1855 109/110
LAST CHARTER OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 110
THE INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAYS IN INDIA. 110-112
RECRUITMENT OF EMIGRANTS AND DEPOTS. 112
CAUSES FOR THE MUTINY OF 1857. 112/113
PROHIBITION ON VOLUNTARY EMIGRATION. 113
MAP OF 1856 114
CANNING 115
PROBLEMS PERTAINING TO EMIGRATION 115-120
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XIX, XII, XXXIII, XLI, XLVI, XLIX
(1856-1860). 120-122
THE SEPOY MUTINY 122-126
THE LAST EMPEROR OF INDIA. 126
DISSOLUTION OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 127
HONI SOI QUI MAL Y PENSE DIEU EST MON DROIT. 127
AMNESTY FOR THE MUTINEERS 127/128
FAMINE. 128
ELGIN 128
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS VII, XXII OF 1862 & ACT VII OF
1863 129
RECRUITMENT OF MINORS AND CHILD ABUSES: 129/130
MONEY ADVANCED TO PROSPECTIVE EMIGRANTS! 130
FAMINE 130
LAWRENCE ; - 131/132
WILLIAM FRASER. 132FAMINE. I 3 2 / 1 3 3
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII-1864. 133LICENSE FOR RECRUITING AGENTS. 133
(VM)
PERIOD
1867:
1869:
1869:
1869:
1870 - 71:
1871:
1872:
1876:
1876-78:
1877:
1877:
1878:
1880:
1880:
1883:
1884:
1884:
1888:
1890:
1891-
1894:
1895-
1896-
1899:
1902-
94
98
97
04
INDIAN POPULATION IN MAURITIUS 134
MAYO 133
COERCING RE-INDENTURE. 134
FIRST SIGN OF RESPITE IN MAURITIUS FOR THE EMIGRANT. 135
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XIV,'VII 135
HAMILTON, SYMPATHETIC GOVERNOR OF MAURITIUS! 135
NORTHBROOK. 135/136
POLICE & ROYAL ENQUIRY COMMISSIONS. 136
FAMINE COMMISSION. 136
FAMINE OF 1876, 1877 & 1878. 137
COUNTRY SILVER AND ORNAMENTS 138
INCREASED PRICE OF FOOD 138/139
L Y T T O N • • •' • ' • ' : " •• •'• •••' r ' r '• ; ; ": ' / ' • 1 3 9
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V OF 1877. 139
NEW MAURITIUS LABOUR LAW FOR THE INDIANS! 139/140
FAMINE. 141
RIPON 141
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI OF 1883. 141
PROCEEDING TO APPROVE ACT XXI 142-155
DUFFERIN. 156
FAMINE 156
LANSDOWNE 156
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVIII OF 1890 156
FAMINE C 156/157
E L G I N . .••••• •• ' • - V . V ••.-•; - . . v . v . l ; . - . < • • , . • ; . 1 5 8
• F A M I N E . / - . : ' ••••• •: '•. '•.'••', -.^ • ' • • • . '• , : . ' • . 1 5 8
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS I AND VII 158/159
PROSPERITY OF THE COLONIES 159
CURZON 159
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS X AND XII 160
FAMINE 160
PROSPERITY OF THE INDIANS 160-162
(VIM)
PERIOD PAGES
1905 - 06:
1908:
1910:
1912:
1916:
1921:
1922:
1924:
1925:
1931:
1936:
1943:
1947:
THE SUGAR INDUSTRY OF MAURITIUS 162/163
MINTO. 164
MORLEY AND CURZON 164
THE FIRST INDIAN PEER 165
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XII, XVII (1908). 166
HARDINGE. 167
ABOLITION OF EMIGRATION TO MAURITIUS ; 168
ABOLITION OF THE DOUBLE CUT WAGES, FINALLY! 168
END OF INDENTURED LABOUR TO MAURITIUS! , 168
CHELMSFORD. 169
READING. 169
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII OF 1922. 170
FRESH REQUESTS FROM MAURITIUS FOR RE-OPENING
EMIGRATION 170
IRWIN. 170
WILLINGDON 170/171
LORD LINLITHGOW. 171
WAVELL. 171
MOUNTBATTEN, THE LAST VICEROY OF INDIA. 171
LIVING CONDITIONS IN INDIA-THEN & NOW 172-174
FAMINE 175
FAILURE OF RAINS, NOT THE CAUSE OF FAMINES 175/176
THE CAUSE OF INDIAN FAMINES 176/177
THE REAL CAUSE IS THE EXTREME, THE ABJECT, THE AWFUL,
POVERTY OF THE INDIAN PEOPLE 177/178
THE ENORMOUS FOREIGN TRIBUTE 178
WHERE DOES THE ENORMOUS TRIBUTE COME FROM 179
THE MOST EXPENSIVE GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD BIG
SALARIES AND BIG PENSIONS .._ „. 179
THE ADVANTAGES OF BRITISH RULE . \ . _ ..' 180
BRITISH INDIAN 'IMPERIALISM1 180/181
INLAND AND FOREIGN IMMIGRATION 182
(IX)
PERIOD
2000s:
1891-2001
2000s:
2004:
2004:
1483 -1857:
1837-42:
1837:
1837:
1839:
1842:
1843:
1844:
1845:
1847:
1847:
1852:
1852:
IMMIGRATION IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES
CENSUS " ' - . • • ' . • • • - • • •
INDIAN MARRIAGES
THE BLEEDING OF INDIA
BANDITS IN THE INDIAN PARLIAMENT AND STATEASSEMBLIES!
THE POWER OF A BANDIT!
RITES AND RELIGIONS
RELIGIONS OF INDIA / SIKHISM
MUSLIMS IN INDIA
YINGLISH IN YINDIA!
INDIA-SUPERPOWER?
INDIA - STILL STARVING!
MOGHULS GENEALOGY
MINUTE TO THE COOLY QUESTION
HILL COOLIES
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXII
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XV
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXV
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VIII
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT IV
COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXIV
(APPENDIX i)
(APPENDIX II)
(ANNEXURE Al)
(ANNEXURE A2)
(ANNEXURE A3)
(ANNEXURE A4)
(ANNEXURE A5)
(ANNEXURE A6)
(ANNEXURE A7)
(ANNEXURE A8)
(ANNEXURE A9)
(ANNEXURE A10)
(ANNEXURE Al l )
191/192
193
194/195
195/196
196/197
198
199
199-201
202-205
207-253
254-256
257-258
259-260
261
262-270
271
272-277
278
279
280
281/282
283/284
(X)
PERIOD
1855: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXI
1856: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIX
1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII
1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXIII
1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLI
1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLVI
1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLIX
1862: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII
1862: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXII
1863: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII
1864: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII
1870: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV
1871: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII
1877: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V
1883: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI
1890: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVIII
1896: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT I
1897: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII
1902: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT X
1904: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII
1908: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII
1908: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVII
1922: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII
1932: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVI
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
Sourrce :-Upto 1899 - National Library, Alipore - Kolkata.
1900-1932 - West Bengal State Archives, Writers Building, Kolkata
(ANNEXURE A12)
(ANNEXURE A13)
(ANNEXURE A14)
(ANNEXURE A15)
(ANNEXURE Al6)
(ANNEXURE A17)
(ANNEXURE A18)
(ANNEXURE A19)
(ANNEXURE A20)
(ANNEXURE A21)
(ANNEXURE A22)
(ANNEXURE A23)
(ANNEXURE A24)
(ANNEXURE A25)
(ANNEXURE A26)
(ANNEXURE A27)
(ANNEXURE A28)
(ANNEXURE A29)
(ANNEXURE A30)
(ANNEXURE A31)
(ANNEXURE A32)
(ANNEXURE A33)
(ANNEXURE A34)
(ANNEXURE A35)
PAGES
285-291
292/293
294
295
296
297-310
311
312/313
314
315
316-341
342-368
369-396
397-407
409-578
579-580
581
582
583-585
586
587
588-621
622-630
631
633
635-658
(XI) ,