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|35| Shan women honored|37| Shans thrown out|38| Survey on Shan Independence

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INDEPENDENCE

Photo: Reebok

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8 Vol. 22, No. 220, 2005

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Photo: MRTV

INDP 220 SHAN.pmd 19/8/2548, 22:539

10 Vol. 22, No. 220, 2005

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Photo: EPA

INDP 220 SHAN.pmd 19/8/2548, 22:5313

14 Vol. 22, No. 220, 2005

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z5hsKxyjdKoy06,yr-K;yjz5h9w:js


INDEPENDENCE

Dear Reader:

Once again, another sincere apology for the delayof the July issue.It was difficult to be away from work, espe-

cially when you knew people were expecting youto do your best. But it was more difficult not toleave it for a while, when you knew someone whohad been close to you, one who had refused to leaveyou when you were eating dust and facing bul-lets, was dying of a terminal disease.

"King Cobra", who died on 4 August, two anda half months after he was diagnosed with livercancer, was, like other successful reporters, bornfor the job. He had a way of coaxing news fromsources who were tongue-tied or simply didnt wantto talk. When there was some news in the wind, hebarely needed prompting from us. He would justchase it like a hound and get it back to you in time.

Moreover, he made friends with people by be-ing a friend to them.

I didnt shed any tears when he passed away,but when I read ex-Beatle Paul McCartney sayingof their band: "Were all really the same person.Were just 4 parts of the one, he was certainlyexpressing the way I felt about King Cobra.

Of course, the thought that my own time wasalso gradually approaching did flicker into my mind.But, being a fighter all my life, my standing mottobeing Have pen, will fight, with or without KingCobra at our side, Ill go on fighting for your right toknow till my last breath.

At least Im sure thats what King Cobra,wherever he is, expects of us.

Mysoong! (Wishing You Progress & Prosperity)

S.H.A.N.

SHAN DIARY

May - June 2005

SHAN DIARY

May - June 2005

Think Piece

3 MayPress Freedom Day and Burmais at the bottom of the list of coun-tries with the least press freedom:165th place, above North Korea(167th) and under Laos (153rd),Vietnam (161st) and China(162nd). (AFP)

17 MayPresident Bush renews Burmasanctions that were imposed on20 May 1997. (Statement)

Even though democracy istheir central faith, theirdogma even, (the EU and theWest) tread softly, very softly,being mindful of the Asean andChinese dismissal of democracyand human rights as alien.Chao Tzang Yawnghwe (1939-2004),12 December 2000

The EU, which supports the territorial integrity of Burma/Myanmar, is also concerned by the increased tensions involvingthe nationalities especially in the Shan State and the Karen. Press release, Council of the European Union, 17 June 2005.

DemocrDemocrDemocrDemocrDemocracyacyacyacyacy

International Relations

Message to the Reader

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34 Vol. 22, No. 220, 2005

k20 May-1 JulyThree Pagodas Pass closed byBurmese authorities with onlypedestrians being allowed tocross over. (Kao Wao)

3 JuneCambodia, North Korea andBurma are lumped together asAsia's worst human traffickingviolators in a State Departmentannual report. (AFP)

10 June Paris-based Financial ActionTask Force keeps Burma on ablacklist of countries that fail tocooperate in fighting money laun-dering.

19 JuneIrish musician Damien Rice re-leases Unplayed Piano, a songabout one of Ms Suu Kyi's fewpleasures under detention untilher piano broke down. (BangkokPost)

29 JuneLawsuit against TotalFinaElfbrought by 4 Burmese nationalsin 2002 for complicity with theBurmese junta in crimes againsthumanity in Burma turned downby the Belgian court of appeal.(RTBF Radio 1)

1 MayThe ENC which currently repre-sents organizations resolves toreconstitute itself based on exist-ing states. (S.H.A.N.)

7 MayThree bomb blasts in Rangoon killat least 11 and injure 162. DVB

says it was able to identify 61deaths.

14-23 MayNai Htaw Mon succeeds late NaiHtin as New Mon State PartyChairman. (DVB)

28 JuneBurma launches a new journal-ism course designed to counternegative reports by foreign me-dia. (Irrawaddy)

18 May449 refugees, out of more than1,800 refugees in Loi Taileng, or-dered by the Thai Army to relo-cate away from the borderline.(The removal takes place 4-7June)

20 May325 Shan State National Armymembers from 19th Brigade sur-render in Nampawng, Lashiotownship.(New Light of Myanmar)

21 MayShan State National Army andShan State Army South an-nounce merger. (Bangkok Post)

25 MayA joint declaration by SSASouth and SSNA says they sup-port the establishment of a "state-based" federal union. (Statement)

18 June13 Shan groups form CommitteeRepresenting Shans. (S.H.A.N.)

24 JuneShan Womens Action Network

and Womens League of Burmahave jointly been awarded Inter-national Womens Rights prize byUS-based Peter Gruber Founda-tion. (DVB)

19 MayGuy Horton, who has been gath-ering evidence of rights abusesin Burma, leaves for US, UK,Canada and the Netherlands topresent a 600-page report: Dy-ing Alive, daring to use the word"genocide". (International HeraldTribune)

28 MayDVB's new television servicemakes its debut.

30 MayBurma and Thailand sign an MoUon developing hydropowerprojects on the Salween and theTenasserim. (Xinhua / BangkokPost)

8 MayTestimony from two Burmesesoldiers deserting to the Karennirebels says the Burma Army isusing chemical weapons againstarmed resistance movements.(Mizzima)

25-26 MayMore than 200 Chinese-mademilitary trucks crossed the bor-der into Muse. "The largest con-voy", according to a long-timeChina resident. (Irrawaddy)

Politics

Shans

Human Rights

Environment

War

34 Vol. 22, No. 220, 2005

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INDEPENDENCE

It was a difficult pill to swallow for most Shan men whohad risked their lives and bro-ken their backs working for thefreedom of their people. But thefact remains that their battles,whether victorious or lost, havenot been accorded the honor theydeserve.

Instead, it has been the Shanwomen who have burst open intothe arena with their powerful re-port License to Rape, the storyof how the Burma Army hasbeen employing sexual violationsas a WMD (Weapon of MassDestruction) in 2002 that hastouched the souls of those whohad read it. I read it and put itdown, said Kraisak Choonha-van, Chairman of Thailands Sen-ate Committee on Foreign Affairs,to Khom Chad Leuk Daily.

Then I picked it up again to readit. It was a very tormenting ex-perience. I couldnt understandhow the rapes could have beencommitted, how they could havehappened. A young student fromthe United States put it recently:I never knew people could bethat evil.

Shan women representativeswere invited everywhere tospeak about the report. Whereasthe Shan mens military cam-paigns, despite inflicting heavycasualties on the Burma Army,had not caused the generals inRangoon to flinch in the least, thewomens verbal campaignsshook them to their roots.

Nang Charm Tong, 23, whohad been declared one of MarieClaires Women of the World, latelast year, was again awarded a

Reebok Human Rights prize inMay this year. She and 3 Karenwomen are also among the 1,000nominees worldwide for the 2005Nobel Peace Prize.

Her group, the Shan Wo-mens Action Network, was on24 June announced as a joint win-ner of the US-based Peter GruberFoundations International Wo-mens Rights prize together withthe Womens League of Burma,of which SWAN is a member.

Shan women honored

The Good

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Sai Yi and his friend Yawdserkjoined the resistance in 1976.Four years later, both becameknown as intrepid fighters andable commanders.

In 1995, Sai Yi teamed upwith Gunyawd who broke awayfrom the Mong Tai Army to formthe Shan State National Army andsmoke a peace pipe with Ran-goon, a move that broke thebackbone of MTA and brought itto its knees 6 months later.

In 1996, the two boyhoodfriends, together with the ShanState Army, another ceasefire

group, were united again under apact by which the three groupswould thenceforth exist under onename, SSA:

If the three had hoped thatRangoon would accept themerger and the SSA Southwould automatically become aceasefire group thereby bringingthe whole Shan State into apeaceful struggle for its rights,they were mistaken. The gener-als threefold reply made certainof that: Each group will be recognized

only by its former name

Old friends, new alliance

Former name New designation Popular Label Commander1. Shan State Army SSA 1st Region SSA North Sai Nawng

(Later Maj-Gen Loi Mao)2. Shan United Revolutionary Army SSA 2nd Region SSA South Col Yawdserk

(breakaway from MTA)3. Shan State National Army SSA 3rd Region SSA Central Col Gunyawd (later Col Sai Yi)

No merger will be honored by any official recognition from Rangoon

The campaign against Yawdserkwill continue until he surrenders

Then on 21 May, 2005, nineyears after Rangoons rejection,a new merger between the SSASouth and the SSNA was an-nounced. Ironically, it wasBurmas military rulers them-selves who had made the fusionpossible, according to the SSNAofficers: Shan leaders Hkun Htun Oo and

Hso Ten were arrested on 8-9February

SSNA units were pressuredinto surrender one by one, be-ginning with the 11th Bri-gade in April

Sai Yi himself was notified bythe Burma Armys regionalcommander to makehischoice

Ever a no-nonsense man, SaiYi took it as a cue and promptlymoved out from his Khaihsimheadquarters in Hsipaw on 9April. A month later, he arrivedat the SSA South main base ofLoi Taileng, across from Mae-hongson.

Col Yawdserk Col Sai Yi

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INDEPENDENCE

Shans thrown out

Another encouraging development was the formation ofa committee representing Shanson 18 June among 13 (later 14)Shan groups that include the ShanDemocratic Union, Shan State

According to Shakespeare,Julius Caesar was most hurtby the sight of Brutus among hiskillers. That was exactly howmany Shan refugees felt when theorder by Thailands Third Armycame on 18 May 2005 to moveout across the border. It waspainful, said a Shan officer in LoiTaileng, opposite Maehongson,because it came right after themonth-long attack by the Bur-mese Army and the Wa.

Loi Taileng, straddling theThai-Burma border, is a homeaway from home for 1,819 refu-gees and some 1,000 fighters fromthe Shan State Army. What the

side Thailand to move out.The Thais had finally ex-

tended the deadline from the endof May to the end of June, butthe joker was that no provisionswould be allowed to go in until allhad departed. To the SSA, whowere expecting another attacksoon from the Burmese-Wa alli-ance, it had become a matter oflife and death. By 7 June, the re-location of 68 households (201people) was completed, leavingonly 248 orphans, who togetherwith their school and boardinghouses were allowed to stay un-til the end of the present academicyear. q

Army South, Shan State Na-tional Army and Shan WomensAction Network, among others.

The meeting also resolved tounite with indigenous non-Shangroups of Shan State and to re-

solve political issues by politicalmeans.

The latest reports indicatethat the groups representativeswill be meeting with their coun-terparts from non-Shan groupssometime in August to form aCommittee Representing ShanState.

Shans thrown outThe Bad

Shans form pactShans form pact

Thai Army wanted was for 449of them who were technically in-

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2 May

A replica of the palace of ShanKing Surkhanfah (1311-1364) would be constructed aspart of the plan to promote tour-ism in Ruili, known by Shans asMongmao, said a Chinese officialat a cultural symposium heldthere. q

Survey on

Shan State Independence

On 17 April, a group called theInterim Shan Governmentdeclared Independence fromBurma. The following surveywas conducted at the School forShan State Nationalities Youth, aneducation institute set up on theborder in 2001.

According to the 1931 cen-sus, 47% of the population ofShan State are Shans. However,the Shan State Government

(1948-1962) maintained therewere 68% Shans. Burma's cur-rent rulers meanwhile have a dif-ferent figure. The state-run Work-ing Peoples Daily, the predeces-sor to today's New Light ofMyanmar, placed the populationof Shans at a mere 38.6%. In theface of these conflicting state-ments, most dispassionate Burmawatchers used the 1931 figures.

Brief

24-26 JuneChins formally accepted into the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, known as the ShadowUN. Other members from Burma are Karenni, Mon and Shan states. q

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INDEPENDENCE

S.H.A.N. survey21 May 2005

Respondents

Shans 31Non-Shans 12Total 43

1. Should the new Shan State be an independent sovereign country?

Shans Yes 28 90.4% Non Shans Yes 6 50%No 1 3.2% No 6 50%Not sure 2 6.4%

2. Should the Shan State join the new Federal Union of Burma?

Shans Yes 5 16% Non-Shans Yes 10 87%No 25 81% No 2 13%Undecided 1 3%

3. Should non-Shans have a self-administered sub-state of their own in the new Shan State?

Shans Yes 10 32% Non-Shans Yes 12 100%No 20 65% No 0 0%Undecided 1 3%

4. Do you think the Shans in the new Shan State will practice discrimination against non-Shans like theBurmans are doing today?

Shans Yes 2 6.5% Non-Shans Yes 5 42%No 29 93.5% No 0%

Undecided 7 58%5. Which language should be official in the new Shan State?

Shans Shan 0 64.5% Non Shans 2 16.7%Burmese .2 6.5% 1 8.3%English 20 64.5% 9 75%All 3 9.7% 2 16.7%

6. Do you believe the Shan State should have its own constitution?

Shans Yes 31 100%No 0 0%

Non-Shans Yes 11 91.7%Undecided 1 8.3%


INDEPENDENCE

INDP 220 Eng.pmd 19/8/2548, 23:1239

The puzzleThe puzzle

S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailande-mail: [email protected] www.shanland.org

On 19 May, a cocky Britishrights activist Guy Horton,who had been gathering evidenceof rights abuses in Burma for 7years, left for US, UK, Canadaand the Netherlands to presenthis 600-page report: Dying Alive.His charge against the regime inRangoon: Genocide, which is ac-cording to the UN, any attemptto destroy, in whole or in part, anational, ethnical, racial, or reli-gious group.

The 1948 convention saysgenocide is committed in at leastone or more of 5 ways:

killing members of the group genocide-sterilization kidnapping children

lated to bring about its physi-cal destruction

While ordinary non-Burmanshave no doubts that Guy Hortonis right and should be given all themoral support he needs, activistshowever have been put in a bind:What if his campaign turns out tobe successful and we just stayquiet? What if he fails afterweve gone flat out for him?

S.H.A.N. had tried tosound out the participants at acommunity meeting in early July,but nothing came out of it. Allappeared they would rather waitfor the results of Hortons tripuntil they felt ready to committhemselves. q

causing serious bodily or men-tal harm to members of thegroup

deliberately inflicting on thegroup conditions of life calcu

You still have us, darling ...

Burma forgoes Asean chair, Philippines takes over(26 July 2005)

Asean Philippines

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independence vol. 22 no. 220 jun-jul 2005

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