independence vol. 26 no. 261 nov 2009

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S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand e-mail: [email protected]

www.shanland.org, www.mongloi.org, www.khonkhurtai.org, www.mongloi.org/burmese

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Shan Herald Agency for News 3

INDEPENDENCE

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4 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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6 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

nefqkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf; (SSA) y.wf;+ifb wif;odkuf;rmefj nkyfbuefwDjvMjoAOfjrdlOfj 14_11_09 ao wmifbteoBmrBmulef;qdlOf;,.rf;[yfU[Awf;wyfUyfgUeMjvdef 3 wDj- y.wf;xkifUrmOf;? vB.cdlOf;-erfUvefj? uMvdukef[dif;wif;oAifjnAef[Fif;r.ufj 200 eefU odkuf;rmefjOMj{jtr;olef;wkrfrfgb wDjanbokwf;{jrD; 3 wyfUu.if? edkifjwyfUu.ifvfg,Mb{j,.rf;250 ? rmefjvmwfjxFifjOMj- v.ifj[Awf;yDbwkqdwfU wyfUyfgUeMjvdefeBU {j,OfUwlOfjeMjyD2009 oAifj-OMjeB/

qOfjvB.rmOf; qOfjuBmbZMU cOfvmwfjwDjq.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefUOMj- zlju.ef;odkuf; zljrD;qefUurfjerf yBbcOfjqfg,.rf;[yfU yBbz.rfUtvjnrfbqmifjOMj[dkOf? rD;uMj[dkOfauMj wmifbteuMjeefUulpf;-OMjeB/ OBm;eefU odkuf;rmefjvFyfjyB.bcmOfbnOfv.ifj qOfjodlOfxFefj [Awf;acMje.ifboAwfjuMjoAwfj=Of vmwfjOMj ayM;,.rf;[yfUvFufjvBmj awqmifjyB.byefqOfjodlOf

xFefj-OMjeB/cmOf;wmif; r.ufjedkifjvdlefrM;eBUauMj

twb[Awf;=def;rfgbwMb qOfjodlOfxFefj ,lbwDjoFifuFOfU? ulpf;uMj qOfjodlOfxFefjOMj-oifvBjv.wfjn.ufbauMjcfgjugMb,lbrldif;tcbulpf;-OMjeB/

ydlOfjwMbvFufjvBmjyAef wyfUyfgUeMjvdefnefrmefjwdlOf;yefcmOf;,mrf;awMbxdkifyDoAifjeefU {jyefugmrf;w.yfbvdkef;okwf; Oef;xd22_11_09 ulpf;uMjqkrf;wB;qkrf;OMU yBbw.yfboifeifbuef/

urfjz.ifjxwf;omifOMj- Oef;xd 23_11_09 qkrf;odkuf;rmefj[Awf;ymifukrf+yfj 4vdlef y.ufjurf; 3? u.yfjeef odkuf;rmefj{jw.yfbOef;xd 22_11_09 eefU ydlOfjwMbwmifbvmwfjnkyfbefg;ymifukrf? v.ifjqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOfwdkef;awnkyfbefg;ymifukrf-OMjeB/

qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;oFifuFOfU wmifbteoBmrBmulef; qdlOf;,.rf;[yfU[Awf;wyfUyfgUeMjvdefHGF (Home Guard Force) wMb 3-4 wDj

y.wf;xkifUrmOf; rD;[Fif;r.ufj 60 qOfj[mef,.wfjrmOf; awn.ef=Of? y.wf;vB.cdlOf; erfUvefj tqjOAif;oDbayMU efg;wyfUqkrf; 3 rD;[Fif;r.ufj 50 yBm qOfj[mefwmef;ax;n.ef=Of?y.wf;uMvd-ukef[dif; wyfhqkrf; 7 rD;[Fif; 50yBm wif; 3 wDj=rfjr.ufj[drf; 200 yBm/

qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;wif;odkuf;rmefj =yfUnkyfbuefy.ufjeBU nrfbayM;cOfjv.uf; cOfjO.ifbuef? wif;o.ifbZBmbxAifarM;uefoAif,fgboAifvlif[mOfj[Fif;OBU-OMjeB/

nefodkuf;rmefj ,mrfj,dkefjugmrf;cmwfbOMj ulef;nMb,k 50 cdkefjedlOf {judkwf;vdkOfjumefodkuf;eefh ZBmbt,;rsdefhcOf ,.efb,mef;yefOMj- nMb,k 60 cdkefjedlOf qifbuB.judkwf;vdkOfjayM;umefauMjvBj-OMjeB/

Oef;xd 16-17_11_09 OBm;vkufUvMjoAOfjy.ufjrdlOf;cdkef; qkrf;oFifuFOfU [Awf;ymifnkyfbukrfoyf;vFif;teuefwDj iOfjikef;oFifuFOfU-eB,OfU/

zljerf;ymifomif; olbqfg;yef[Fif;qfgqkrf;rdlif;vM;

qkrf;odkuf;rmefjvFyfjnOfv.ifjyB.bqOfjodlOfxFefj=pf;qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;[Awf;yDbwkqdwfU

Oef;xd 08-10_11_09 ylefUrM;zljerf;qefhokifqkrf;OMUvBmvBmauMUvlif;ugMbqfg;nkefbqfg;,Aef yef[Fif;qfgukrfuef wif;zljn.ef=Ofqkrf;rldif;vM; ? idef;OMj zljerf;o.ifqkrf; vBjqfguefyefjuFefbeFefjeMvldOfuOfb? nrfbyefyAefqdlifUeifb rldOfjulOf;umifU?[Awf;{jzlju.ef;odkuf;wyfUu.ifwyfUqkrf; zljrD;qefUcOfefg;wyfUodkuf;rldif;vM; rD;[Fif;qfgcdkefjrM;twUtwU cdkef;yAef=yAefwM,krfU,krfUclOfclOf rM;urfjerf-OMjeB/

zljerf;qkrf;OMU ugMbrldif;vM;y.ufjeBU rD;yOf;,AOfb'D; qmOfUauMnmif; ,defodlif;ydlef;qdlOf;eBU/ =OfyOfj qOfjqBm;vdkef; ndufbzljerf;qefUokifqkrf;rldif;vM; [yfUw.efjnkyfb

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OBm;zljerf;qefUokif wyfUodkuf;rldif;OMUz.rfU=rfj (UWSA) ugMb=yfUnkyfbq.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefU wDjwmifU,mef; Oef;xd 14_11_09 rM;eBU wyfUodkuf;OMUtrbcgmufj auMbomifjwyfUymifqlif [drf;rif;oFif nefwifj,lbedlOfvB.,fgbvB.vlif awMbeMjvFefcFefjOMU-rmefjcdkufh,fgbvdlOfuOfbxFifj? nOfvlwfhVFufh=Of; (back-hoe) ckwf;ao [Awf;wyfUc.ef@u'dwf@vlifcFrfUcFrfU/ wyfUymifqlifeBU awMbeMjwyfUvB.ymifvlif c.ifodkuf;rmefjnefyAefwyfUrmefjqdkOfjoAif,fgb ZBmbn.ufbclif;? rdlOfjyMbwDbc.rf@rdOf@edwfUrldif;rmefj (yuy) wif;odkuf;rmefj,dkOf;uefuljy.ufjauMjwif;o.ifZBmbwBm=Ofymufb/

wyfUvB.ymifvlif yAefwyfUrmefjy.wf;n.ufbclif; awMbeMjvFefcFefjOMU wifj,lbOlifjumifrif;oFiftvjclOferfUclif; wMju.if;nFwf;/

wyfUOMUymifqlif rD;ZBmbn.ufbwyfUrmefj vB.ymifvlif? ,mefuefwwf;okdOfj 3-4 vuf;awMUtwUrkifj[efuef/

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t,;rsdefUvmwfjOMj- {jvFufjvBmj[Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef 3 wyfUu.if/ (vdlOfaoeefUy.ifbOMjawvBjOmif;cdlifj? nAef[Fif;odkuf;OMUrD;2-3 rdkefbauMj nefawvBj,dyf;u.ifj,lbwfgjodkuf;rmefjukrf;,dyf;yAefwyfhyfgUvFefvdef awrD; 2-3 wyfUu.ifulpf;)/ zljerf;OMUcOfw.yfb

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qkrf;OMU ,if;vmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- eMjvdefy.wfj=Ofymifb-ymifbvlif tvj arMbZMUeBUqdkifOMjyAefeMjvdefOMU/ okduf;rmefjorfUwdkufhyuf;xif,lbvMb-OMjeB/ uAOfbuyf;idlefjcB_acMje.ifb qkrf;OMUugMbwmifbteauMj okduf;rmefjymufjyFwfjrlwf;? wif;o.ifZBmbnrfbwluf;vlif;uefvBjoiftvjylwf;ymifukrf-eB,OfU/

ZBmbOMUvmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- [Of;q.rf;qfgol? [Awf;q.rf;ugmrf;oluljorfbuljydlif? cmOf;wmif; 20 yDeBU yAef[Of;,.efb,mef;vBmvBm?nefol,.efb,mef;yef[Of;nrfbrD;oif? qArfrdlOfjugMbwmifbteokefbvBjokefbyAefqmOf;cdlOf;

OMU[Of; efg;ymifukrfvlifqmwfjqdkifj NC auMjolnrfb[yfUoif? orfUcfgj{j[Of;[yfUc.ifoloAifjoAifj? olorfhnrfb[yfhc.if[Of;oif [Of;rM;nkyfburf;eBh nrfbqfgjwMb qkrf;OMUymifomif;[Of;ulpf;? wmifwlOfyM;qkrf;rldif;vM; rdlOfjvAOf[Of;2 qkrf; wluf;vlif;uefyefjuFefbeFefjeMuef,OfU-OMjeB/

OMU=yfhnkyfbrmefj nrfbwluf;vlif;uefvBjxAifarM;ylwf;ymif

oFOf;rdefbvsFif Xiao Minliang

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INDEPENDENCE

ndifedlOfwdkOfUwmif; Oef;ymifyB.;ulyfUuljo.efUrdifj_ymifcFufb vkufj,dif;qmOfhqlif;wmif;(uFrfzljerf;odkuf;xd 2) ao Oef;xd 17_11_09 zljerf;qkrf;rldif;vM; ugMbymifomif;/ o.ifZBmb[Awf;ymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;uef Oef;xd 18awMb 21 ? zljerf;ymifomif;rD; oFOf;rdefbvsFif(uFrf=OfyOfjxd 1)? qmOfUOdlefugmif; (uFrf=OfyOfjxd 2) qmOfhauMbnmif; tvj qmOfhqlif;wmif;/qkrf;rldif;vM;rD; uFrf=OfyOfj qOfjomifbvlb?uFrf=OfyOfj qBm;vlif (xAifbvdef;) |vkufj=OfyOfjvlif qOfjqBm;vdkef;) ? zlju.ef;odkuf;okifokwf; avMomef;yOf;-qdlOf;eBU/

=Of[kyfjymifukrf wluf;vlif;vBjqfgyefjuFefbeFefjeMuefvdlOfuOfb? =rfj+rf;uefuFwfbtculef;rldif;tvjeMjvdefo.ifqkrf;q.rf;uef/vdlOfaoeefU nefokduf;rmefjrdyfbiFef;_wkuf;

zljerf;OMUwif;rdlif;vM;c.efjvdlwfjrefjuFefbvdlOfuOfb

,.ef; wrf;idlefjcB_acMje.ifbOBU 9-10 acMjqdlOf;eefU wif;o.ifqkrf; nrfbqmifj,.rf;[yfU[Awf;q.rf;vBj? odkuf;rmefjawwkuf;,.ef;_rdyfbnD;urfudef;xFifjwduf;wduf;auMj awnrfb[yfh/ayM;ZBmbodkuf;rmefj,.efb,mef; ,.rf;[yfhacMje.ifbo.ifqkrf; 4-5 acMjtwU aw,.rf;[yfUvFufjvBmjqdkOfj [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef wmrfvuf;umef/

OBm;zljerf;qefUokif 3 qOfj y.ufjxdkifcdkef;rldif;vM;,OfU Oef;xd 23-24_11_09+ifUymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;oyf;vFif;uef wDjiOfjikef; rldif;vM;? r.ufbyM;zlju.ef;okduf;wif;wyfUqkrf;cOfj=rfj/ ymifukrfclefUwlufbcdkef;acMjugmrf; nefzlju.ef;omrfwdlif;odkuf; q.rfodkuf;rdef;n.ifbvBmb vmwfjwDjuAif;wkif Oef;xd 7_11_09 uAOfbvlpfjwmif;[efedlOfqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;

1U qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; rD;wlOfnrfbrD;=Of 2U qkrf;,dyf;u.ifjumifbq.rf;vFefvdeftcb qdlOf;eBU yAefqkrf;[uf;vifzdkefUOBmbzmwfbn.ufb yMbwDbc.rf@rdOf@edwfU rldif;rmefj CPB (yuy)? 3U vkufUwDjyAefqkrf;auMbumef[BmU,kifjnlef,MUuOf;Omefjrldif;rM; 4U yAefqkrf;[Awf;umef,MjrOf;urf/ OBm;ao[yfU+if;wwf;ruf;ydkefzmOfb ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;rfgb,OfUauMj nMb,kqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;okwf;oAifj-eBeefU,lb/

zlju.ef;odkuf;rmifauMUvmwfj- ]nefodkuf;rmefj,mrfjvmwfj- ayM;ylefUOef;ruf;cmef;,OfUtwU yefcOfjauMjawcOfj nrfbyefcOfjauMjawcOfjeMjvdef qkrf;rldif;vM;eBeefU qmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb? [mif;awMb[mif;wFef,lb[if;ref;? ayM;cOfcfgjtob,MUauMjqmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb}-OMjeB/

iOf;vBm;wmif;ymifomif; vFyfj,AefoDbedrfqdkifjaowMUrD;cmOfbOMj -wyfUodkuf;OMUeMjvdefodkuf; 171 y.wf;wfgjeefU nrfbvBjrBjqfgv.ifjqkrf;odkuf;rmefjqmifj=pf;olef;vBjOdlpfUoFOfbuif;? ZBmbedkifjumefodkuf;auMj [mifj[Fef;v.ifjcdlifju.ifjumifb rmufbrdkOfjqdkef;,mrf;?v.ifjnOfwDj,lbyuf;yfgU? v.ifjZdkuf;z.efUumefodkuf;qdlOf;eBU/ zlju.ef;odkuf; zljrD;qefUzlju.ef;wyfUu.ifwyfUtzy.wf;eldOf urfjz.ifj

auMj cwf;ymufbwmufUwmufU rmefjeBU,dkOf;rdlOfjvfg auMjvBj? rdkOf;clrf;eFefb,OfU-OMjeB/

ZBmbekdifjauMj rdlOfjOef;xd 20_11_09uM;wlif;Zdlif;okduf;rmefj 15 vrf; vkufUwmif;wlefjwD;vwf;zmefb uMvd-ukef[dif; vlif;ugMbcmrfjclif;wMjauMj rd lO f;wmif;n.ufbclif;/ulef;Omefjn.efuefOMj-wmifbrmufbu.ifjqdkef;,mrf;vBmvBm yAefwdlufjyAefwdlufj? wifjqfgcfgjrFefteydlefj nrfb=rfbzMj,mif nrfbt[Unrfb

OMUy.wf;wfgjodkyfb[mifj[Fef;umefodkuf;wlrf;oif - OMjeB/ ZBmbedkifjauMj rdlOfjOef;xd19_11_09 uM; BE 10 avMU 12 vrf;c.ifwyfUndef@usdef@eD@,dlOf@ odkuf;rmefjvkufUwMjcDjvAuf; wmifbvlwfUVFufU=Of@? x'FufUwdlOf@ vlwfUxB cdkefjugMbZBmbwluf;wMjcDjvAuf;?vFyfjugMbckwf;wmif;? tr;wmif; cgmufjwmif; wwf;wmif;rfgb ydlOfjwMbumefokduf;[kdOf eB,Ofh/

qmOfhqlif;wmif;Zhao Zhongtang qOfjomifbvlb Hsang Lu qBm;vlif

Sai Long akaHtein Lin

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zdkefcmOfb aOM@ox'dwfhusLdOf@te@vf(Wall street Journal) Oef;xd 03_11_09ndifugmrf;qOfjeMjwDjZBmb[Awf;n.ufb erfUref;qdlOfUqmwfjtcb (CNPC - China NationalPetroleum Corporation) OMj- efg;vdlefoFyfhxFrfVdlOf@ylefhrM; qOfjyBm;arMcdlifjqmufj (ndef@usdef@eD@,dlOf@) rldif;tcb ugMbwDjOAif;oDbayMUulef;omOf;yBm? ydlOfjwMbulwfbxwf; oAefjwmif;auMbomifjZifawMjerfUref; wif;awMjuFwfhnef awvkufhZifbymifbvBmbrdlif;'cFifb vwf;zmefbrdlif;rmefj zMbeMjvdeftqjOAif;oDbayMUcdkefjvFefvdeftcb/ tcb[mifj[Fef;OBU nmef;auMbomifj qArfrdlOfjvdlefoFyfUxFrf@VdlOf@ ylefUrM;? ulpf;uMj iOf;vBm;vFefvdef,kifj,mifj

tvj qdlifUumwfjyFwfj/qOfjeMjwDjc.rf@yeD@tW@Ol@ uljqdkifj

rldif; (Daewoo International) nefvBjwkdOfUwmif;ckwf;uFwfUtqjrldif;'cFifb vmwfjOMj-zFefumefrfgbOmif;awMjuFwfUeBU awtwb[Awf;r.ufj[mifyD 2009 ? c.rf@yeD@tW@Ol@ cdkef;cBmyeftcb/ efg;qdkifjwB; awvwf;zmefbtqjOAif; e.ifcAOf uRufUtr; oDbayMU vMjoAOfjoFefOD ulwfUcBm rlbtqj qdlOf;eBU/

qdlOf;omefcwf; clif;umefawMjuFwfhcOfOMj- ayM;Omif;awMjuFwfUauMj v.ifjylefUyFefokefbvBjulef;wuf;erfrM;/ wlOf,mifbrdlefeifbrmefjcBmuFwfUyefxB; 'weMbzBmhyfvBm@ (Ya-dana Pipeline) ? ulef;rldif;efg;ydkefUwDj wdkufU

vBjxkufbylefUyFefokefbvBjulef; awMbxdkifrdlOfjvAOf/ rdlOfj[Awf;auMj vBjxkufbqfgU[Fif;vBm?vBjxkufba[MjvdkyfjcBmUa[M=def;_[kyfj,dkwf;wDjvdef? vBjxkufbuefUqefvlvBm cMj[FrfwBm?ayM;auMbomifjOmif;awMjuFwfU,OfU orfUvBjyfgU,mrf;? ayM;awMjuFwfU=Ofjy.ifb nrfbeefrD;zljuOf;,MUqdlOf;eBU vBjwmifbvmwfjqOfjeMjwDjrmefj/

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INDEPENDENCE

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yB.;yDrfgbwB;rlbtqjerfUcrf; auMjcdkufU,fgb/ymifvlifauMj [Awf;udkef;c.efjcdkufUcFrfU? wDjykifbyMbcFrforfU auMy.ifumefymifyB.; [Awf;ymifw.yfbvdufjugmrf;=U w.ifjxmrfulef;cOfj=rfjyB.;yDrfgbwB;ugmrf;xmrf 25 acMj tcUcFifbuefnOfol;_'mif@Oef@? yM;ugmrf;xmrfrdlefeifb qOfjZMUwB;nefe.ef;tz;q.rf;n.ifbomef; yAefqOfjvfg?vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif vlif;vBm;rdkOf; Oef;vldefyDvfg? edkifjw.ifbrD;vBmysM; qdlOf;eBU/ ulef;xOfjulef;tubcOfqlrf;oldOf; u.yfj[Awf;{j ulef;ekrfb=Ucdkef;ydkef;ydkefUvif wMjcDjvAuf;orfUrD;v.ifj[BmUqMUudlwfbcdkefj/ r.ufj,mrf; 20;30 rlif;qOfjeMjwDjrmefjcOfcfgjqAOf;[efaowAuf;qfgUyB.b=if;ZB;rdefwdefuM,fgbtvj yB.bcdkefj 20-30 OM;ulpf; cdkef;wluf;ofgbokrfUwmif;cBm [Awf;

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12 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L

rdlOfjOef;xd 17_11_09 qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB; (SWAN) [Awf;ymifqFifjcmOfb uAOfbv.ifj[Awf;n.ufbydkeftzjyyfU ]vufUv.rfwlpf;qdkifjwB;} nefyAef yyfUuFrfrdkOf;wmif;vdlufjnFOfbvAyfjrdlif;wB; 4 zMoM wB;?xB;? rmefj? nif;udwfU wDjvFefvdefwDjedkifj?ulef;cOfj=rfj 30 yBm/ =OfacMjvlifefg;yyfUrD;1U zFefwDjoyf;vFif;te n.ifjwDjefg;yyfU2U olawugMbwmif;vfg 3U a[MqOfjZMUwB;4U clif;omifjoMoeMykwfUx 5U oOfvuf;wDjrBmw.if; 6U wmif;[mifjvDodifbOFwfUv.rfUvlUvFOf 7U c.ufjcif qdlOf;eBU/

vdlOfaoeefU rD;=OfacMj,B.j,Frf; tvj[mifjxBmbudkuf;q.rf;wif;erf rdlefeifb- qmifjugMbnFOfbvBjwDjvfgefg;rldif;wB;? odkuf;rmefj nrfbcfgj{julef;e.ufjrldif;[efoif? urf@qMwMa[Mcrf;wB; r.wfbydkef;wB;qmifj[Bm? v.ifjzAOfjrlpfUZdifjtijtvjydkef;? v.ifj,MUvFOf a[MvlifuAif;wkif? wifjqfgyB.b[mrf;- a[MvlifoDbayMU?vkufUwDja[Mvlif yAefrM; ]+ifjtecdlifjclOf;

oMoeM} a[Mvlif,.if=pfj? a[MvlifoFefODwDjyuf;oOf;wyfUodkuf;rmefj yD,mOf;cmOf;[dkif?ulef;rldif;t[UuifjclOf;c.ifudkuf;ydkef;? a[Mau;oD;?a[MvBm;cMj? cdkef;yluf;wifj a[Mcrf;rmefj?[kefb[mifjckefa[Mcrf;y,defbe.ifb OAif;wMjcDjvAuf;? wlefjrBU,mif; udkuf;qdkOfjnv.if;z,M;?qdkOfjeBUy.ifboif? clif;omifj oMoeMykwfUx?Zmif[mifjnMbeMb? xmwfjaq@wD@iBm;rdlef]olpfbwulifb}? [kefb[mifjYzM;qkuf; OAif;uAif;wkif? tr;ukrf;xmwfjaOMbuldOf? v.ifj,MUvFOfaq@WD@ tvjOwfUOM; efg;qdkifjwB;? wmif;[mifjvDrldif;wB; nefqmifjvkvFOfawMbqlOfj?ZBmbvifzuf;wlvlif c.ufjuAif;wkif-qdlOf;eBU/

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qkrf;uyf;omef v.ifjemif;,dif;wB;(SWAN) eBU auMbwifjrdlOfj 28_03_1999wlifUedkifefg;rldif;xB;tvj q.rf;vFefvdefwB;-xB;/ [Awf;umefq.rf;efg;wlifbOlif;ulef; tvjq.rf;iOf;vBm;umefrldif;vFufjvBmj? clefU[MuAyf;acMjrkef;tvjolef;wkrf ydlOfjwMb{j,dif;qBm;rD;v.ifjzAifbyAif;tvjq.rf;xrf;YwM;/ nAef;nmef;ydlOfjwMbwdkuf;olef;{jrD;v.ifjokefbvBjemif;,dif; tvjvkufjn.efb? omefcwf;v.ifj[Awf;[BmUqMUedlOfemif;,dif;tvj vkufjn.efb?=rfjrdkOf;[Awf;omifjv.ifjirf;,Aeftvjv.ifj[mifbxmifjefg;wlifbOlif;ulef;? urfU[Fif;emif;,dif;wMbrD;rM;qlOfjymefvDw.ef;vdlOfuOfb? [ufU+rfrFwfbyFif;yfgUyM; odifbOFwfUv.rfU/

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INDEPENDENCE

twbOef;xd 18-25_11_09 cmOf;wmif; 6-7 Oef; rldif;vlpf rdlif;,mif; tvj,mif;u.ifj 3 wDj qwf;[Awf;ymifyB.;ugBm;qlef;([dkOf) ymiftcUuBgm;awM;q.rf;eifb Zdifjxkif;[dwfj+B;uOfbtub nef[Awf;rM;ymefodkyfbymefeyfUymufbyD/ Oef;udkef;cdkufU,fgbokwf;yAefOef;xd 20 tvjOef;xd 25_11_09 / ymifyB.;eBUefg;OAif;rldif;,mif; 11 y.ufU tvj efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,mif; 4 ndlifb wMb 50 OmefjyBm (yBbyM;OmefjedlOfvB.) ugMbcOfj=rfjuljOmefj/ uljyDz.if;udkef;rD;ulef;cOfj=rfj r.ufjrdkefbyBm awMb o.ifrkdefb? yDeBUvmrf;OMjrD;r.ufj 5-6 [Aifulpf;/

ymiftcUcFifbugBm;qlef;eBU uBgm;wlOfawM;ayUydlefjoAifj qmifjvBjidkef;ol;_'mif@Oef@900 ,gef xd 2 vBj 700 ,gef uljy.ufjqfgUidkef;uOfbyef'mif@Oef@? ydkefUwDjeMjvdefqdlOf;eBUqfgUidkef;uOfbtvj idkef;,geftcburfjerf? qfgUidkef;rmefjurfjanb/

yB.;ugBm;qlef;eBU rD;ydkef;udkuf;rM;qArfrdkefU

ymifugBm;qlef;rdlif;vlpfrldif;,mif; vBj,Awfjr.efikdef;odkef;u.efb? twb[Awf;rdlif;vlpf odkyfbugMbrldif;,mif; qifbugMbuB.yBmwDj,mif;u.ifj/ twb[Awf;wDjrdlif;vlpfn.efwmif;eefU ,.efUwDjrldif;vlpfrD;xrfjugBm;cOfoFif/ ulef;rldif;,krfb,rfOMj-ayM;nrfbvBj[Awf;yB.;ugBm;qlef; rmufbcOfjwOfjerfUnrfbvD? ZMUZlef[FifjvFifU/

Oef;tcUcFifbugBm;awM;eefU vdlufjnOfuBgm;cFefb_ugBm;imef efg;y.ufU,.rfb_Omefj_ndlifbzfgref;cOfjymifugBm;qlef;/ xdkifcmOf;tcUcFifbawM;,OfU qOfjugBm;qkifugBm;ugMbefg;ymif ,lbwmif;+ifbwmif;qmef;ZBmbwlOfwlOf? qOfjugBm;ywfhvOfjao nOfvOfjwdkuf;ugBm;,OfU olef;{juBgm;awM;uef? ugBm;auMjvFefjavMbawM;uef/ nefvmufbvBm;qrfU ugBm;qdlOf;vAifUOBU wMbtcUawM;eefU urfjerfzfgwuf;nrfbvBjcDb? ayM;cDbqmifjumefUydlefj? vdlOfaougBm;rmwfbqAyf; yAefvdlwfjwluf;,mifwFufbeefU nefawM;uefwBmvlrfUnrfbvkufUvBjqdlOf;eBh nrfbw.efhrD;/ nefvmufbvBm;xFifjydlifedkifjqrfU- rldif;wB;ywf;ydkefh

ymifugBm;qlef; rD;y.wf;eBUwDjvAOf/ydlOfjwMbvBj[Awf;yB.;uBgm;qlef;? {jxmifb

[mifj[Awf;vBjugmifjcgmifvDimrf;eBU ulef;Omefjulef;rldif; vBjuAyf;idkef;uef 5-6 oFef ,Awfjr.efwDjzlju.ef;tqjOAif; (r,u nkufUux)?vkrf;u.ef;tqjOAif; (r,u) tvjvkrf;yvdufj?zlju.ef;tqjOAif;rldif;,mif; nl;usDbrsdefU vBjq.rfbx.if; wDjanbokwf;nrfb,.rf; 2-3oFef/ vdlOfaoeefU qOfjeMjwDjZBmbrlwf;ofg?ZBmbz.if;irf; OmefjndlifbcOforfU uAyf;idkef;uMjv.uf;cBmwmif;cBm+yfj+yfjymifyB.; wif;rlwf;138 v.uf; edkifjv.uf;edkifjokrfUvfg 8b000-10b000 ysM;? e.ufjaoeefU edkifjOef;orfUuAyf;xFifjedkifj[mefUvfg 1b000 ysM;/ ymifugBm;qlef;eBU rD;ymifv.if;q.rf;? (u.yfjqOfjeMjwDjrmefj[efcmOfbrldif;vB.n.ufbv.ifjeBUtvj xkdifrM; 23_11_09 qdoifb[kyfjydufhyB.;uBgm;qlef;/zlju.ef;okduf;eMjvdeforfU nrfbvBjudefikdef;tvj qdoifbydufhyFwfj-OMjeB) eB,OfU/

ZB;rBjumwfbvlifrldif;vM; yAeferfhrdkOf;odkuf;rmefjrdlOfjOef;xd 03_11_09 wAifjcdkef;qBmU

3 rlif;umifefg ZB;rBjumwfbvlifrldif;vM; eMjwmif;wluf;? wFOf;[mefUcBmclOf;ekifj 7-8 +ifj?vkokrf;ugMbr.ufj 3-4 oFef,gef/ qOfjeMjwDjrldif;vM;cOfxwf;omifOMj- wdkef;yAeferfhrdkOf;odkuf;rmefj[Awf;-OMjeB/

Oef;xd 28_10_09 nefqkrf;rldif;vM;?ugMbuAif;wkif nkyfbv.ifj,.rf;[yfhvuf;umefrmefj?ulpf;uMj yBbqmifjvFufjvBmjurf;vAOfwif;ydkuf;eefh rldOf;+ifhymifukrfoyf;vFif;te zljrD;qefhzlju.ef;odkuf;qefUumifcOf/ urfjerfnrfbcfgj[yfUcfgjz.rfU? xdkifwDjurfjz.ifjayM;cDcDiOfiOf?qfgwluf;qfg=ifj? urfjz.ifjauMj wdkef;vmwfjwFufbvFif;OMj- [Awf;[dkOfauMjnrfbz.rfU? cfgjnOfvBm;vDvBm;[BmUauMjnOf/ v.ifjZB;rBjumwfbeBU,krfb,rfOMjyAeferfUrdkOf;odkuf;rmefj- eB,OfU/

ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lb[Awf;umefrldif;vM;

wif;oAifj ,mrfjrD;r.ufj 700-800 auMU?qkrf;rldif;vM;xAwfjxwf;wdp.yf;awMUwmifbnOfolifbugMbx.ufbclOferfUydif; qfgUy.ufjcdkef;wmif;uAif;wkif/ ,lb 2-3 Oef; n.efuefv.rfvFrfcOfjcdkef;rldif;vM;? ,mrf;vAOfrD;r.ufj400-500 / ,krfb,rfOMj-efg;eefhqmifjyM;oBmvyfU_oBmq.yfbcmOfbodkuf;rmefj? wif;qldOf;yfgUulefb,MUvkuOf;vFOf qdlOf;eBUauMj clef;cOf;q.rf;-OMjeB/

vBm;rmefjzMbxFufbqFufbwwf; qkrf;rldif;vM;ao ,.ef;oBmrBmulef;u.ifj rdlOfjOef;xd09_11_09 odkuf;rmefj,.ef;oBmrBmulef;_u.ifjulef;nMb,k 50 cdkefjedlOf qdlOf;awudkwf;vdkOfjumefodkuf; wDjqkrf;rldif;vM;? {jolifbyef/orfUqFufbtzqkrf;rldif;vM; yAef 3 ZBmbao,.ef;/ okduf;rmefjqFufbnOfeMjvdefovdkOf;cOfjyM;efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,mif;? erfUymef; cOfj

yM;efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,.if;? rldif;vM; yAeftqjOAif;ulpf;ref;/ u.yfjeef ydOfb[Mbrl;rldif;cmufb,.ef;ugMboBmrBmwyfhqkrf; 369 ovkdOf;? ydOfb[Mbrl; rldif;,.if; ,.ef;oBmrBmwyfUqkrf; 911erfUymef;? rldif;vM;twU Oef;xd 09_11_09wmrfwlOfzlju.ef;+ifjumef G-1 efg;vkrf;wdlif;odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;wkif) qOfjodkuf;vlifwmef;xkwfUwAif; yM;qkrf;qdlOf;vkufje.ifU 7-8 auMU aougMb,.ef;/

nefwmef;xkwfhwAif; ugMb,.ef;eBh ndifedlOfugmrf;q.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefU vmwfjOBU wmif;rldif;vM;auMjw.yfbOMj- yBbqmifjyef? rdlOfjvAOfzljrD;qefUodkuf;[Of;urfjerf ,if;yBbz.rfU?[Of;auMj,if;yBbwlOfjwef;? awvBjqfgUcmOf;,mrf;xFifj-OMjeB/

14 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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(1) wMbcdkef;tr;auMbomifj v.ifjcdkef;vDuefefg;qdlOfUqmwfj qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfrldif;rmefjeBh wuf;vBjclefhcdkef; vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif?okefbvBjefg;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif 9 acMjeefUwFufbvFif;,lb,OfU/ qmOf;cdlOf;vDvBjclefUcdkef;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif[if;zfg[if;ref;? nOfacMjudefuFefb 9 acMjnkyfbuefcdkef;? vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlifeBU qmOf;cdlOf;vrfbv.ifjvdlOfydlefj? ayM;yFwfjvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlifauMj yef[MneftujrM;wdkef;nrfbxdkifwDjxdkifwmif;/

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INDEPENDENCE

qOf;ab,ok yAefzl;vfG(rBm 1)

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,5b;yh]G;yowt xxytd:oyrg-k vo6PK9yhxoysy>hs;yr-kh ]wh-;yhxkr9C,yhv:dyj ,:dyj]K9yhxoyxuho:'yt9wr ]:'yh0;yhgpjl6c]h s;yrckh,5j06,yrlklok-ib0yt ,ur9K'yr-:xyh0y.py.jpy.jo,yo,y?

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16 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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OMbwqldOfhzef; Racism efg;rldif;rmefj;kj905b;ytzoyr ]whm6dyj0y.T96b;yr,kr

c]h 96bdyT0y.T96b;yrp5joy.r]wK]wK,5b'yr? ;kj905b;ytzoyrowt d6b'yjxG'yrdoy9'yr 0oytxwKrxPkj?gxkr;kh ;kj905b;ytzoyr xGoy;kj9-;yhx5b'ym,yrI9kr9K'yrdKoy,krgdkh sG9yrsy>h9K'yj,5j;5'yrp:,yj (community) p5jpKxyj? ,5b'yr,KoyhxGoy,5b'yrx69ytm l:oysy>hsdyTd5oyr c]hsdyTl9yr? d5Pyrdkh v,yjgxkr]K9yh]:'yh 05b;ytlwK'5boyh-5b;yr?

z5hv:oys^;y,Koyh9'yro,y v,yjsxyt]wh]dyrdKoyzG'yjxG'yrdoy (Equality principle)]:dyrx5b'y,5b'yrs^,yh96,y06boyh0K'yj (FederalSystem) ? z5b;yjg9p6dyTp:'yh]dyrdKoy06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,yooyt -;y0bcor ]dyrdKoy06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y voysh9CdyjpwKh ow]5rd:oyj?

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gxkr]K9yh9'yrl6b;yhgdkh g9]wh;kh

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INDEPENDENCE

zljn.ef=OfqldOf;vkwBmugMbeefh

yldefj,.ifja,M;qldOfh[dkOf

zljn.ef=OfqldOf;vkwBmugMb

yldefj,.ifja,M;qldOfh[dkOfxuo6b'yhp;ytxuo6b'yh 05b;yrs;yr voysG9yr

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p:otyooy 05;yhd5oyrxKoyd;yj-;y xwj]6swK9wK0:,yrmC'yhowT s;yr]uv:oydoysk-wh0y.]wKrx5b;yh9kj09yrxK'yv6xyjv5;yr -whcodoy;kh -6dyr0y.]wh ]:'yhgdkTvoy]6swK9wKd.kjooyt05b;yts6b;y? gxkrp;ytgdkh ]u]wh,dyr,wK9C,yh;wTxGoyz6boy/ gxkrooy0'yjx6boyrg9v,yj0K'yhswK?

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18 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L]Goyhp5jsb,yrooyt;kh Jc,hs;yr]kh]uh;kh/c,hs;yrl6b;yt;wt-oy *Q d5Pyr/ -khs^Tp5j" owc]h d5oyr9'yro,yv:oydoy-5;y? ;wKrx5boyh,5b;yrp;ty xkhl6 0'yjpdyr]b,yj-k]6dyh,oyrgl;khSJ,5b;yhd;yv6xyj-Cdyjp5j ,y.r-y.h0b,ysG9yrl'y",oyr0wKr-6boyr9:xyj;kh J-:'yc,hs;yr -y.h]Coyx5boyh]5r" ?

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;wKrooytv,yjs6b'y dkrl]6oyr Z]59ytdG'yX,oyr0;yhdw:? ]6dyho:'yt,oyr gd\kj0G'yj -9yr0y.c,r05b;yts6b;ygdkhv,yj]whgl ]K9yh;kh g9]whv;yd.kjc,r9K'yj9uh? 9Cdytd95;yjgoj;boyr-6b'ydxyra^oyr05rd5oyrs^T0dyr v;ydkr,krsxyt?,oyr0;yhgdkhv,yjxoysh]6dyh]Koygxkr]whs^T0dyr ]:'yhdkhd:oyjx5oytgl-6dyrm5xyrp5b'yh0:,yr?

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]K9yh,5boyS9C,yhzy.,oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9yh9wrSpeak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival

vb'yo5b;ys^;yg-kh ]K9yh,5boy 9C,yhzy.,oyr gl ]5bdyhskmw:hd.K,yrmwr05b;yr0K'yhv;y0y.T96b;yr ,5boydoy05b;yrooyt coTo,yrl6bxyj,6b9yhcoz5hvKoyjs;yr,krgdkh]whl:'yxuxwK? gxkr-wh-6boyrgdkh 0G,y,5b;yh #QQ$ ,kr?

Column ]bdyhowtgdkh xGoy,kr]wK]:'yh9K'yrsG9yjz^oy,oyr?

]bdyh9wrs;yr v,yjxGoy9uhp:,yrsxyt9K'yrdKoy (official) c]h d5oyr0y.T96b;yr]GdyTgdjgvj,K'y,kr? voy-9yr0y.l:oy]bdyh9wrxoydoyx5b'y]G;ygl csTd'yh]bdyhx5boyhv5,yv6boyooytgdkh ,5boylujob;yt95,yr #Q s5r 05b;yto'yj 0;yhdKoyrp:9yh pK,yh;kh?

gxkr96,yt95b;yt]bdyhgdkh 96,yt95b;ytxkrd.K,yr]K9yhd.K,yr0k? p:oyt]bdyhx5boyhd.K,yrx5boyhxGoy9K'yrdKoy (official) c]h d.K,yrs;yrgdkh]whm6dyjxKdyhv:dyjoGxyr0:dyTpK'yh-kj oy.rcdhdK'yd5oyro,y?

gxkr05rv;ylwKcdro,yt (current) voyxGoyp5jpK,yr]G;y06b'y ]bdyh9wrd.K,yr9wr0K'yhswK? ]bdyh9wrd.K,yr9wr0K'yhswKgdkh s^T-5b;yr9wr0K'yh9wK?p:oytooy 9dyr]whsk]wKrd5hx5b'yx5b'ygl 9'yhsxyt (defensive) lwKcdro,tyd.K,yrx5boyh]bdyhx5boyhd5Pyr,;yjdkr/ 9dyr]wh0y.T96b;yr]wKrs6dyT-;yh (of-fensive) 0:,yrd:oyj 0'yjg90K'yh,C9yjxC'yr05b;yt-5b;yr9wr/ x5b'y]5'y,oyr 9wr]5'ysy>hp5jpK;yrp6boyr]wh?

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oy.rdkh -5b;yr9wrs;yr9'yr]wKowt voy,ur9uh9'yh,oyh]5'y d.K,yrx5boyh]bdyhx5boyhv,yj0K'yh-;yhv6boy]whooyt ,ur,5b'yrmwrxGoy9uh9'yh,oyh]5'y/,ur,5b'yr]K;yr xGoy9uh9'yh,oyhv:oyj? ,5b'yr]K;yrxGoy9uh9'yh,oyhv:oyj/ p:oytx5b;yh xGdyTl,yt;kh xGoy,5b'yrd:oyrg-k ,ur]bdyh]K;yrd.K,yr]K;yrxGoy]bdyhd.K,yr9K'yrdKoy (official language) gl9kT gxkrdG;yjdxyrmw:hd.K,yr (vocabulary) ,kr p'yr]whx6b'yhvb'y9'yr,5b'yrmwr?

mC'yhx5b'yo6b'yhSoy.rd.K,yr9wr]5'ys;yr voy-5b;yr9wr9K'yj9uhs

20 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

Barons and princes style themselives The little oneTo remind themselves of their dependence upon the lowly

Tao Te Ching, Chapter 39Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

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INDEPENDENCE

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22 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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24 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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30 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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AdkvfrSL;}uD; cGefOuUm RFA 28/9/2009


INDEPENDENCE

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32 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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34 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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independence vol. 26 no. 261 nov 2009

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