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241
Abel, 146comparison with Boris and Gleb, 139
Achaeans, 1Agapetos, deacon, 183Agathias, historian, 39
Histories, 38Agathonikos, St
depiction on seals, 155Alamanni, 38Alexander the Great, 40
comparison with Byzantine emperors, 157
depictions in friezes, 186, 194in minor arts, 157, 159
Alexander, Byzantine emperor coins, 118
Alexandra, legendary Persian empress, 21Alexios I, Byzantine emperor, 111, 198
coins, 118, 172Alexios III, Byzantine emperor
coins, 118seals, 117
Alexios Angelos Komnenos, grandson of Alexios I
seals, 198All Souls’ Day, 60Alta, river, 153
Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 152Amasea, city in Asia Minor, 27Ambrose, St, 37Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 34Anastasia, St
depiction in frescoes, 129
Anastasios I, Byzantine emperor, 42Anastasios the Persian, St
miracles of, 23–4Andreev, city in Rus, 176Andrew Bogoliubskii, prince of Vladimir, 179,
183, 184, 185, 197career, 168comparisons
with Andrew, 181with Boris and Gleb, 181, 182with King David, 181with King Solomon, 181
murder of, 181–3religious innovations, 168, 170residence, 168, 178–9Tale of the Victory over the Volga Bulgars,
180, 181texts by and about, 180veneration
of Boris and Gleb, 181–2, 184of Christ, 179–80, 181of Mother of God, 181, 211of Theodore, 180–1
Andrew, St, 182comparison with Andrew Bogoliubskii, 181depiction on seals, 115
Andronikos Komnenos, son of Alexios I, 172Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Strategy, The,
see Syrianos Magistros: De re strategicaAntioch, 32, 59Antony, St
church dedications, 120Apamea, city in Syria, 38Apostles, 60
Index
All ancient and medieval people are listed by first name. Princes of Rus in the generations up to and including Boris and Gleb are listed by first name only, while princes in subsequent generations are listed by first name and patronymic or epithet (e.g. Dolgorukii). Princes are generally identified by the city which they ruled last, unless an earlier city was particularly important for their career. Emperors up to and including Constantine I are identified as ‘Roman’, subsequent emperors as ‘Byzantine’. Emperors are listed by first name and number, not surname or epithet.
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Arab invasions, 28, 49Arabs, 14, 22, 29, 60, 69, 107, 108Arethas, St, 79, 81
depiction in ivory carvings, 78Arkadii, archbishop of Novgorod
liturgical office to Boris and Gleb, 144, 145Arkadios, archbishop of Cyprus
homily to George, 23, 24Armenia, 32Arrianos, military author
Taktikon, 42Asia Minor, 173Avars, 45Avar-Slav invasions, 14, 18, 71
Baghdad, 95Balkans, 5, 25Baltic Sea, 124Barbara, St
church in Soğanlı, 83comparison with Boris, 139
Bardas Phokas, rebel, 89Bardas Skleros, rebel, 89Bartholomew, St
depiction in minor arts, 160Basil I, Byzantine emperor, 51, 65, 66, 67, 78, 121
anonymous poem to, 65campaigns, 32church-building activities, 66, 72, 121comparisons
with Constantine I, 65with King David, 65with King Solomon, 65
murder of Michael III, 121veneration
of Diomedes, 66of Elijah, 65
Basil II, Byzantine emperor, 32, 59, 64, 85, 89, 94, 203
campaigns, 32veneration
of military saints, 89–91of Mother of God, 89
Basil the Great, St, 78church in Vyshgorod, 151depiction on seals, 115, 154vision of, 141
Basil the Parakoimomenos, 85Basil the Younger, St
Life, 86–7Beirut, 32Belarus, 94Belisarios, general, 37, 40Bible, 52, 54, 113Black Sea, 73
Bogoliubovo, town in Rus, 168, 179citizens of, 182
Boris, prince of Rostov, see also Boris, prince of Rostov and Gleb, prince of Murom
‘The Appearance of Boris’, 143comparisons
with Barbara, 139with Niketas, 139with Romanos the Melode, 139with Václav, 139
depiction on seals, 115relics, 153, 154, 182, 183, 184
Boris, prince of Rostov and Gleb, prince of Murom, 4, 6, 7, 132, 139, 167, 179, 180, 181, 184, 186, 193, 199
accounts in Primary Chronicle, 134–5, 137, 142, 143, 146, 147
association with Demetrios, 140–1, 142with George, 140, 142with Merkourios, 142with military saints, 3, 4, 6, 93, 131, 132–3,
134, 142–5, 147–8, 155–66, 187–90, 199–200, 201–2, 204
with Nicholas, 139–40category of sainthood, 135–7cathedral in Chernigov, 152church dedications, 120churches
in Grodno, 153in Kideksha, 178in Kiev, 149in Novgorod, 153in Novogrudok, 153in Polotsk, 153in Riazan, 153in Vyshgorod, 151–2, 178on Alta River, 152
comparisons with Abel, 139with Andrew Bogoliubskii, 181, 182with Joseph and Benjamin, 138
cultural significance of, 133death of, 135–6depictions
in frescoes, 163–4, 165–6in friezes, 187–90, 193in minor arts, 158–63, 164–6, 201on seals, 154–6, 165–6
earthly lives of, 134–5, 143entries
in First Redaction of prolog, 145, 179in minei, 145–6
Lesson, 135, 136, 137, 138–40, 141, 143, 154liturgical offices, 143–5
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monastery on Smiadyn River, 152, 179paremeinik readings, 146–7, 183, 184relics, 151–2, 175, 179sources, 7, 8–9, 133–4, 137–8, see also works
by title, medium or genreTale, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140–1, 142, 143, 146, 147Tale of the Miracles, 137, 139–40, 151, 152,
153, 175veneration
by house of Suzdal, 168–9, 170, 178, 179, 181–2, 184, 187–90, 199–200, 201–2
by Iaroslav, 142, 147by Riurikids, 142, 145–6, 148–62
Borisov, city in Rus, 176Borisov-Glebov, city in Rus, 176British Museum, 81Bulgaria, 32, 61, 87, 104Bulgarians, 56, 61Bulgars, 95Byzantine Commonwealth, 157Byzantine emperors, see emperors, dynasties or
periods by nameByzantine Empire, 3, 4, 8, 61, 62, 63, 92, 93, 94,
95, 97, 102, 121, 122, 130, 131, 132, 144, 150, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 165, 171, 177, 185, 186, 195, 203, 204, 205
trade with Varangians, 94–5Byzantines, 38, 39, 45, 54, 56, 62, 87, 96, 200,
204Byzantium, see Byzantine Empire
Cain, 146comparison with Sviatopolk, 139, 141
Campaign Organization and Tactics, see De re militari
Cappadocia, 13, 25, 173, 174churches
Cistern church, 82–3of the Cross, 83of Nikephoros II, 81, 83
Caucasus, 45, 94, 95Chaldaeans, see PersiansChernigov, city in Rus
Cathedral of Sts Boris and Gleb, 152Christ, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 103, 106, 139, 145, 180
anguish at sins of people, 69baptism of
depiction on seals, 115church dedications, 120comparison with Byzantine emperors, 157Crucifixion
depiction in minor arts, 123death of, 136depictions
on coins, 118, 172
in frescoes, 128, 173in minor arts, 127, 156, 157, 159, 160, 196, 197on seals, 116, 117, 198
as example to soldiers, 54icons of, 14, 38, 40, 108intercession in war, 64, 89, 197Pantokrator
monastery in Constantinople, 192Transfiguration
church in Polotsk, 130depiction on seals, 117
veneration by Andew Bogoliubskii, 179–80, 181in vision of Basil the Great, 141
Christendom, 46Christianity, 42, 45, 62, 79, 101, 121Christians, 41, 56, 58, 59, 136
Nestorian, 39non-Chalcedonian, 45in Roman army, 1, 34
persecution of, 1, 6, 13, 35of Thessalonika, 15
Christina, St depiction in frescoes, 129
Chronicon Paschale, 37–8, 45, 46, 47–8Chrysippos of Jerusalem, 30
miracle stories about Theodore Teron, 28Chud, tribe, 111, 175church dedications
Byzantine, 120–1Rus, 119–20, 151–3
Clement of Alexandria, St church dedications, 120depiction in ivory carvings, 81
Clement of Ohrid, St enkomion to Demetrios, 101–2lessons
in honour of Demetrios, 101–2in honour of George, 101
coins Byzantine, 118, 171–2Rus, 118–19
Constantine I, Roman emperor, 37, 47, 50, 178church in Constantinople, 121comparison with Basil I, 65decree of religious toleration by, 2depictions
on coins, 118in friezes, 187in minor arts, 157on seals, 115, 116
Life, 35–6rehabilitation of victims of persecution, 40religious leadership of army, 2, 35–6, 42veneration by Iurii Dolgorukii, 177war with Licinius, 36
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Constantine V, Byzantine emperor, 28, 46, 50Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor, 51, 57,
61, 77Book of Ceremonies, 69, 78campaigns, 32military orations, 58veneration of military saints, 78–80What Should be Observed When the…, 50–1,
57–8, 78Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor
seals, 111Constantinople, 15, 17, 29, 44, 47, 49, 50, 65,
70, 77, 82, 85, 87, 97, 100, 102, 107, 110, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 180, 185, 192, 196
attacks by Rus, 86–7, 96Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom, 37Chapel of Archangel Michael, 121churches
of Archangel Michael, 121of St Constantine, 121of St Demetrios, 66, 67, 71, 72of St George, 22, 107of St Peter, 69of St Theodore Teron, 30, 87of St Theophano, 121of St Zoe, 121
citizens of, 71monasteries
of the Pantokrator, 192of St Diomedes, 65
prayer for protection of, 57protection by Mother of God, 45, 84relics, 58siege of 626, 45, 46
Constantius II, Byzantine emperor, 37, 38Crimea, 173Crusades, 61Cyprus, 32Cyril and Methodios, Sts, see also Methodios,
Stveneration of Demetrios, 99–100
Cyril of Alexandria, St church in Kiev, 130
frescoes, 165Cyril, bishop of Turov, 108Cyrus and John, Sts
depiction in ivory carvings, 81hymns to, 145
Dadianos, legendary Persian emperor, 21Danube, 185David Sviatoslavich, prince of Chernigov
Cathedral of Sts Boris and Gleb, 152veneration of Gleb, 153
David, king of Israel, 45, 151, 159comparisons
with Andrew Bogoliubskii, 181with Basil I, 65with Byzantine emperors, 157with Gleb, 138
depictions in minor arts, 157on seals, 115
David, St, see Gleb, prince of MuromDavydova bozhenka, city in Rus, 176De re militari, 52De rebus bellicis, 42Delehaye, Hippolyte, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 27, 73Demetrios, St, 4, 6, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 26, 30, 32,
33, 64, 66, 70, 72, 73, 77, 78, 96, 102, 108, 119, 177, 198, 199
anonymous collection of miracle stories, 7, 18
association with Boris and Gleb, 140–1, 142Byzantine artistic sources, 13, 19–21, 25,
see also works by category or mediumByzantine textual sources, 12, 25, 75,
see also works by titlecathedrals
in Thessalonika 17, 19, 24, 190in Vladimir, 185, 192
churches in Constantinople, 66, 67, 71, 72in Dmitrov, 185in Kiev, 128
depictions on coins, 118, 172in frescoes, 84in friezes, 187, 190, 194, 195in ivory carvings, 78, 84in manuscript illuminations, 90, 91in minor arts, 82, 85, 124, 125, 127, 128, 157,
158–9, 161, 173, 185–6, 192, 201in mosaics, 82, 130on seals, 115, 116, 117, 125, 186, 198
enkomia by Clement of Ohrid, 101–2by Gregory the Deacon, 71by John, 18
entries in First Redaction of prolog, 106in Menologion of Basil II, 71, 74in Metaphrastic Menologion, 71in minei, 102in Second Redaction of prolog, 108–9in Synaxarion of Constantinople, 71–2
epigrams by John Geometros, 85, 86failure to aid Thessalonika in 904, 70
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grave covering, 173, 190–3homilies by Leo VI, 68–9, 71hymn by Leo VI, 69icons of, 20kanones
by George Skylitzes, 173by Methodios, 100–1, 102
lessons by Clement of Ohrid, 101–2miracle stories by John, 7, 16–18, 20, 101–2,
140–1myron, 173, 192Passio altera, 18–19, 68, 71, 192Passio prima, 15–16, 19, 20, 67, 68as protector of Thessalonika, 16, 18, 25, 31,
71–2, 101ranks and titles, 18–19relics, 16–17, 70, 127, 190, 192sticheron, 144, 145third collection of miracle stories, 173–4veneration
by Basil II, 89–90by Cyril and Methodios, 99–100by Justinian II, 17, 31by Leo VI, 66–9, 70, 100by Manuel I, 192–3by Slavs, 101, 102by Vsevolod Iurevich, 185–6, 190–2
Diocletian, Roman emperor, 1, 22, 107Diomedes, St
monastery in Constantinople, 65veneration by Basil I, 65–6
Dmitrov, city in Rus, 174, 177, 185Church of St Demetrios, 185
Dmitrov Kievskii, city in Rus, 176Dnieper, river, 95Domitianos, bishop of Martyropolis, 39, 43Domnitziolos, nephew of Phokas
veneration of George, 23, 24, 31Dorostolon, city in Bulgaria, 88
renaming of, 87–8
East Slavs, 10, 118, see also Rus (people)Edessa, Persian siege of 38Egypt, 25Eine griechische Schrift über Seekrieg,
see Syrianos Magistros, military author: Naumachiae
Elijah, prophet, 78church dedications, 120veneration
by Basil I, 65by Leo VI, 66
Euchaita, city in Asia Minor, 13, 26, 27, 28, 30, 72, 75, 106
Church of St Theodore Teron, 30citizens of, 28renaming of, 89
Euchaneia, town near Euchaita, 72, 73renaming of, 88, 89
Eupatios, St church dedications, 120
Europe, 94, 96, 133Eusebios, archbishop of Thessalonika, 16Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, 37, 40
Life of Constantine, 35–6Eustathios, St, 14, 79
depictions in frescoes, 83, 130in friezes, 187in ivory carvings, 78, 80, 81, 131in minor arts, 125, 128
enkomion by Niketas the Paphlagonian, 73Eustratios, St, 79
depictions in frescoes, 83in ivory carvings, 78, 81
enkomion by Niketas the Paphlagonian, 73
Euthemios Protasecretis, author, 73hagiography of Theodore Stratelates, 73
Evagrios, church historian, 64Ecclesiastical History, 38, 39, 40
Evfrosiniia, princess of Polotsk altar cross, 127
Ezra, city in Syria Church of St George, 22
Feodosii, St veneration by Sviatopolk Iziaslavich, 149
Feriale Duranum, 34Finland, 94First World War, 205Forty martyrs of Sebasteia
depictions in frescoes, 83in ivory carvings, 81
frescoes and mosaics Byzantine, 128–9Rus, 128–30
friezes, Rus, 186–90, 193–7, 198–200
Gabriel, Archangel depictions
in minor arts, 160on seals, 115
icons of, 14, 108Genesis, Book of, 139George, Metropolitan of Kiev, 153
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George, St, 4, 6, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 32, 33, 64, 70, 72, 76, 77, 103, 175, 177, 198
association with Boris and Gleb, 140, 142Byzantine artistic sources, 13, 25, 26, 31, 77,
see also works by category or mediumByzantine textual sources, 7, 12, 25–6, 76,
77, see also works by titlecathedrals
in Iurev-Polskoi, 193in Novgorod, 130
chapel in Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom, Kiev, 129–30
churches in Constantinople, 22, 107in Ezra, 22in Jerusalem, 22in Kiev, 107in Lydda, 22in Rome, 22in Staraia Ladoga, 130
depictions on coins, 118, 172in frescoes, 83, 84, 130, 173in friezes, 187, 194, 195in ivory carvings, 78, 80, 81, 84in manuscript illuminations, 91in minor arts, 82, 85, 123, 125–6, 127, 128,
131, 158–9, 161, 201in mosaics, 82in posters, 205on seals, 115, 116, 117, 125, 198
dragon-slaying miracle, 14, 30, 128, 130entries
in First Redaction of prolog, 107in Metaphrastic Menologion, 75–6in minei, 103, 104in Synaxarion of Constantinople, 75, 77,
88, 107hagiography
by Niketas the Paphlagonian, 75by Theodore Daphnopates, 75
homily by Arkadios, 23, 24inscriptions, 23Iur’ev den’, 107kanon by George Skylitzes, 173lesson by Clement of Ohrid, 101miracle stories, 22, 24
Paphlagonian collection, 76passiones, 21–2sticheron, 144, 145veneration
by Basil II, 90by Domnitziolos, 23, 24, 31by Iaroslav, 111–12by John I, 88
George Kedrenos, historian Synopsis historion, 88–9
George of Pisidia, poet works, 46, 48
George Skylitzes, court official kanones
to Demetrios, 173to George, 173
Gerontios, father of George, 21Géza II, king of Hungary, 170Gildo, pagan count, 37Gleb Iurevich, prince of Kiev, 168Gleb Sviatoslavich, prince of
Tmutarakan, 153Gleb, prince of Murom, 143, see also Boris,
prince of Rostov and Gleb, prince of Murom
comparisons with King David 138with Zechariah, 138
depictions in minor arts, 153, 154on seals, 115
relics, 153veneration
by David Sviatoslavich, 153by Sviatoslav Iaroslavich, 153
Glebl, city in Rus, 176Glebov, city in Rus, 176gods, Greco-Roman, 1Goliath, 45Göreme, town in Cappadocia
chuch of Mother of God, 83Goriaser, murderer of Gleb, 182Gorodishche, town in Rus, 95Gospels, 49, 54, 68Goths, 38Greece
inscriptions about Theodore Teron, 30Greeks, see ByzantinesGregory of Nyssa, St, 27, 30
enkomion to Theodore Teron, 26–7Gregory the Deacon
enkomion to Demetrios, 71Grodno, city in Rus
Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 153
Herakleios, Byzantine emperor, 33, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 61, 65
dispatches, 47–8letter to Kavadh II, 46military theories, 44, 49, 51religious propaganda, 44–5, 48–9rise to power, 44wars with Persia, 44
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Hercules depiction in friezes, 187
Hermitage, 80Hermogenes, rhetorician, 54Hieron, St
depiction in frescoes, 83holy war, inapplicability to Byzantium, 61–2Holy Wisdom
cathedrals in Constantinople, 37in Kiev, 129, 149in Novgorod, 127
church dedications, 120Homer, 1house of Suzdal, 98, 166, 169, see also princes
by nameveneration
of Boris and Gleb, 168–9, 170, 179, 201–2of military saints, 168–9, 170, 184, 201–2
Hungarians, 56, 173Hyakinthos, St
depiction on seals, 117Hypatian Chronicle, 149, 179, 180, 181, 182
Ianin, V. L., 112, 113, 114Iaroslav, prince of Kiev, 129, 135, 138, 142, 148,
149, 151, 152, 169, 183, 184churches
of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151, 178of St George, 107
coins, 118foundation of cities, 111, 175seals, 111, 115veneration
of Boris and Gleb, 142, 147of George, 111–12
war with Sviatopolk, 135, 142, 146, 147, 148, 183Iaroslav Vladimirovich, prince of Novgorod
Church of the Saviour (Nereditsa), 130Iaroslav Vsevolodovich, prince of Vladimir
helmet, 124Iconoclasm, 2, 12, 14, 28, 29, 51, 91
used to rally army, 50Iconoclast emperors, 51, see also emperors by
nameIgnatios, St
depiction on seals, 155Igor, prince of Kiev, 95, 96Ioachim and Anna, Sts
church dedications, 120Irene, Byzantine empress, 50Isaac I, Byzantine emperor, 172
coins, 171–2Isaac II, Byzantine emperor
coins, 118
Isaac Komnenos, son of Alexios I, 172Isaurian emperors. 51, see also emperors by
nameIslam, 62Ismael, descendants of, 59Italy, 38Iurev (Tartu), city in Rus, 177
foundation, 175Iurev, city in Rus, 177
foundation, 111, 175Iurev-Polskoi, city in Rus, 174, 177
Cathedral of St George, 193friezes, 193–7, 198–200
Iurii Dolgorukii, prince of Suzdal, 168, 170, 171, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 193, 202
career, 167–8Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 178foundation of cities, 174, 177–8, 185relations with Byzantine empire, 170–1veneration
of Boris and Gleb, 178of Constantine, 177of military saints, 177–8
ivory carvings, Byzantine, 78–81, 84–5Iziaslav Davydovich, prince of Chernigov
veneration of Archangel Michael, 197of Mother of God, 197
Iziaslav Iaroslavich, prince of Kiev, 128, 151, 152
Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151, 152Iziaslav Mstislavich, prince of Kiev, 170Iziaslav Vladimirovich, prince of Polotsk,
175Iziaslavl, city in Rus, 175
foundation, 175
Jacob, Old Testament patriarch, 138James, St
depiction in minor arts, 160Jerusalem, 38, 45, 46, 108
churches of St George, 22of St Theodore Teron, 30
jihad, 61, 62John I, Byzantine emperor, 81, 85, 198
campaigns, 87Church of St Theodore Stratelates, 88, 89renaming of cities, 87–9veneration
of George, 88of Theodore Stratelates, 87–9, 111
John II, Byzantine emperor, 172coins, 118, 172
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John, archbishop of Thessalonika, 18enkomion to Demetrios, 18miracle stories about Demetrios, 16–18, 20,
101–2, 140–1John, metropolitan of Kiev
liturgical office of Boris and Gleb, 144–5
John Chrysostom, St, 104, 182, 183John Geometros, poet, 85
works about military saints, 85–6John Kaminiates, Thessalonian
De Expugnatione Thessalonicae, 69–70John Komnenos, father of Alexios I
seals, 111John Malalas, historian
Chronicle, 141John Skylitzes, historian, 88, 173
Synopsis historiarum, 88, 89–90John the Baptist, St
depictions in minor arts, 160on seals, 115, 154
John the Theologian, St depiction on seals, 115, 154
John the Warrior, St depiction in frescoes, 130, 131
John Zonaras, historian Epitomae historiarum, 89
Jordan inscriptions about Theodore Teron, 30
Joseph and Benjamin, sons of Jacob comparison with Boris and Gleb, 138
Judaism, 79Julian, Byzantine emperor, 28, 141
comparison with Sviatopolk, 141killing
by Merkourios, 14, 141by Thekla, 141by Theodore, 141
Julius Caesar, Roman emperor, 34, 50Justin I, Byzantine emperor, 23Justin II, Byzantine emperor
veneration of Mother of God, 39Justinian I, Byzantine emperor, 16, 37
conquest of North Africa, 38Justinian II, Byzantine emperor
coins, 118veneration of Demetrios, 17, 31
Justinian, general, 39, 43, 49
Kavadh II, Persian emperor, 44, 47, 48letter from Herakleios, 46
Kekaumenos, military author works, 52
Khazar Empire, 95
Kideksha, town in Rus, 179Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 178
Kiev, 95, 96, 128, 135, 143, 150, 151, 152, 161, 167, 168, 170, 178, 179, 180, 187, 196, 197
cathedrals of Archangel Michael, 130of the Holy Wisdom, 129, 149
Caves Monastery, 149Cathedral of the Dormition, 149Paterik, 197
Chapel of St George, 129–30churches
of Sts Boris and Gleb, 149of St Cyril of Alexandria, 130, 165of St Demetrios, 128of St George, 107Tithe Church, 149
Kievan Rus, see RusKomnenoi emperors, 174, see also emperors
by nameveneration of military saints, 92,
171–3Kosmas and Damian, Sts
depictions in friezes, 199in minor arts, 157on seals, 115, 154
veneration by Leo VI, 66Ksniatin on the Sula, city in Rus, 176, 177Ksniatin, city in Rus, 174, 177Kyrion, St
depiction in ivory carvings, 81
Lamech, Old Testament patriarch comparison with Sviatopolk, 139, 141
Last Judgement, 186Laurentian Chronicle, 149, 175, 180, 181, 182, 183,
185, 190, 197Lemerle, Paul, 7, 18, 19, 20Lent, 100Leo IV, Byzantine emperor, 50Leo VI, Byzantine emperor, 50, 55, 57, 61, 65,
70, 71, 72, 78, 101campaigns, 32church-building activities, 121coins, 118homilies to Demetrios, 68–9, 71hymn to Demetrios, 69Problemata, 55Tactical Constitutions, 55–7veneration
of Demetrios, 66–9, 70, 100of Elijah, 66of Kosmas and Damian, 66
Leo the Deacon, 88, 198
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History, 87–8Leontios, eparch of Illyricum, 15, 192Licinius, Roman emperor
decree of religious toleration by, 2persecution of Christians, 40war with Constantine I, 36
liturgical texts, military-related, 60–1Longinos, St
inscription, 30Louvre, 80Luke, St
Monastery of (Hosios Loukas) mosaics, 82
Lyaeus, gladiator, 15, 103Lydda, city in Palestine, 13, 77
church of St George, 22
Macedonian dynasty, see Macedonian emperors
Macedonian emperors, 4, 13, 15, 21, 26, 33, 34, 50, 51, 171, see also emperors by name
military successes, 32veneration of military saints, 13, 33, 64–5,
77–80, 86–91, 94, 202–3Magnentios, usurper, 38Manuel I, Byzantine emperor, 170, 171, 173, 181,
185, 192, 193, 198coins, 118, 172depiction in frescoes, 172–3seals, 116veneration of Demetrios, 192–3
Marcellinus, historian Chronicle of Marcellinus, 37, 64
continuation of, 37Mark, St
depiction in minor arts, 157relics, 30
martyr-generals, see military saintsMartyropolis, siege of, 39martyrs
Byzantine strategists’ fascination with, 49–50, 53
exhortations to soldiers to emulate, 49, 51, 54, 56, 57–8, 59–61, 63, 77
martyr-warrior ideal, 4, 77, 102, 127, 131, 132, 134, 150, 171, 193, 199
Mary, St, see Mother of GodMascezel, brother of Gildo, 37Maurice, Byzantine emperor, 16, 44, 46, 47, 54
campaigns, 39Strategikon, 43–4, 47, 55, 56, 59
Maximian, Roman emperor, 15Mediterranean, 94Melias, general, 81Melissa, 183
Melitene, city in Armenia, 32menaia, see minei, RusMenander, historian, 39
History, 39Menas, St
depiction in ivory carvings, 81Menologion of Basil II, 90, 104, 106
entries for Demetrios, 71, 74for Theodore Stratelates, 74for Theodore Teron, 74
illuminations, 90opening poem, 90, 91
Merkourios, St, 4, 14, 24, 103, 108, 141association with Boris and Gleb, 142depictions
in friezes, 187in ivory carvings, 81in manuscript illuminations, 91in minor arts, 128in mosaics, 82on seals, 115
entries in First Redaction of prolog, 107in minei, 103
killing of Julian, 14, 141Methodios, St, 101, 102, 103, see also Cyril and
Methodios, Stskanon to Demetrios, 100–1, 102
Michael III, Byzantine emperor, 51, 121murder by Basil I, 121
Michael IV, Byzantine emperor coins, 118seals, 111
Michael, Archangel, 11, 12cathedral in Kiev, 130chapel in Constantinople, 121churches in Constantinople, 121depictions
on coins, 118in minor arts, 160on seals, 115, 154, 155
icons of, 14, 108military role, 11name used as password, 57veneration by Iziaslav Davydovich, 197
Michael Autoreianos, patriarch of Constantinople, 62
Middle East, 94Mikhailov, city in Rus, 176Mikhalko Iurevich, prince of Vladimir
veneration of Boris and Gleb, 149–50of Mother of God, 149–50
Mikulin, city in Rus, 176
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military handbooks, see military writings, Byzantine
military saints, see also saints by namealliance with Mother of God, 11, 84, 87,
197–8Byzantine sources, 7–8, 9–11, 77–8,
see also works by title, medium or genreByzantine terms for, 3as Christian equivalent of ancient gods, 1depictions
in frescoes, 163–4, 173in minor arts, 157on seals, 154, 173
état-major, 4, 5, 6, 13, 78historical reliability of texts, 12as models for Boris and Gleb, 3, 4, 6, 93,
131, 132–3, 134, 142–5, 147–8, 155–66, 187–90, 199–200, 201–2, 204
modern terms for, 3names used as passwords, 57, 78Rus sources, 8–11, 98, 110, see also works by
title, medium or genrescholarship about, 7, 99veneration
as group, 3, 6, 77–84, 89–91by house of Suzdal, 168–9, 170, 177–8,
184, 187–90, 194–6, 197, 198–200, 201–2by Komnenoi emperors, 92, 171–3by Macedonian emperors, 13, 33, 64–5,
77–80, 86–91, 94, 202–3as martyrs, 3, 5, 15, 65, 78–84, 90–1by Riurikids, 2, 92, 109–11, 122, 203–4
military treatises, see military writings, Byzantine
military writings, Byzantine, 10Iconoclast, 50–1, see also works by titlelate antique, 40–4, see also works by titlemiddle Byzantine, 49–61, see also works by
titleminei, Rus, 100–1, 102–4, 105, 109
entries for Boris and Gleb, 145–6for Demetrios, 102for George, 103, 104for Merkourios, 103for Nestor, 103for Theodore Stratelates, 103–4
minor arts Byzantine, 82, 85, 156–7, 196Georgian, 157–8Rus, 122–8, 156, 158–62
Mithraism in Roman army, 34
Mother of God, 11, 12, 43, 48, 49, 59, 60, 87, 88, 151, 180, 196, 197
alliance with military saints, 11, 84, 87, 197–8
Annunciation depiction on seals, 115
church dedications, 119, 120church in Göreme, 83depictions
on coins, 118, 172on enkolpia, 123in frescoes, 128, 163–4, 172–3in friezes, 194, 195in ivory carvings, 84in minor arts, 84, 156, 157, 160, 197on seals, 116, 117, 198
Dormition Cathedral in Caves Monastery, 149
icons of, 11, 88, 89, 127Intercession, 179intercession in war, 197military role, 11, 39–40, 64, 89name used as password, 57protection of Constantinople, 45, 84relics, 11veneration
by emperors, 39, 89by Riurikids, 149–50, 179–80, 181, 195–6,
197Mstislav Iurevich, prince of Novgorod, 177
exile in Byzantine empire, 185Mstislav Rostislavich, prince of Novgorod
veneration of Boris and Gleb, 150Mstislav Vladimirovich, prince of Kiev
commissioning of enamels, 161veneration of Boris and Gleb, 161
Murom, city in Rus, 135Muslims, 28, 62
Najran, city in Arabia, 79Narses, general, 38Naslav, scribe, 161
journey to Constantinople, 161Nektarios, archbishop of Constantinople
homily to Theodore Teron, 28Nestor, monk, 136
Lesson, 135, 136, 137, 138–40, 141, 143, 154Nestor, St, 14, 15, 103
depictions in friezes, 187, 194in minor arts, 128in mosaics, 82
entry in minei, 103Nicholas, St, 140
association with Boris and Gleb, 139–40depictions
in frescoes, 172–3
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in minor arts, 125, 140, 163on seals, 115, 117
Nicholas Mystikos, patriarch of Constantinople, 70
sermon on sack of Thessalonika, 69Nikephoros I, Byzantine emperor, 61
invasion of Bulgaria, 61Nikephoros II, Byzantine emperor, 85
akolouthia commemorating, 61church in Cappadocia, 81, 83De velitatione bellica, 58, 59–60petition of Patriarch Polyeuktos, 60Praecepta militaria, 58–9
Nikephoros, patriarch of Constantinople Short History, 46
Nikephoros Ouranos, governor of Antioch, 90hagiography of Theodore Teron, 74–5, 90Taktika, 59, 74
Niketas, St comparison with Boris, 139depictions
in minor arts, 127on seals, 155
Niketas Choniates, historian, 198Niketas the Paphlagonian, scholar, 72, 73
enkomia to Eustathios, 73to Eustratios, 73to Prokopios, 73to Theodore Stratelates, 72–3
hagiography of George, 75Nisibis, Persian siege of, 37North Africa, 37Novgorod, city in Rus, 95, 112, 114, 135, 147,
168, 201cathedrals
of St George, 130of the Holy Wisdom, 127
churches of Sts Boris and Gleb, 153of the Saviour (Nereditsa), 129, 163–4
Novgorod First Chronicle, 152, 185Novgorodians, 183, 201Novogrudok, city in Rus
Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 153
Old Testament, 52, 54, 138, 139, 146, 181use in paremeinik, 146
Oleg, Varangian prince attack on Constantinople, 96
Oleg Sviatoslavich, prince of Chernigov Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151, 152
Olga, princess of Kiev, 96conversion to Christianity, 97
Orthodoxy, 51, 203
Otskalan, region in Byzantine empire, 185Ottoman conquests, 5
Palestine, 22, 40inscriptions about Theodore Teron, 30
Panteleemon, St depiction on seals, 115relics, 127
Paphlagonia, region in Asia Minor, 76Parekbolai, 52Paul, St, see also Peter and Paul, Sts
Letter to the Romans, 183–4Pchela, 183Pechenegs, tribe, 143Pereslavl, city in Rus, 152, 167, 168Pereslavl-Zalesskii, city in Rus, 127Persia, 45, 49, 137
trade with Varangians, 94Persians, 23, 29, 39, 45, 76, 173Peter, bishop of Euchaita, 27Peter, bishop of Thessalonika, 20Peter, St, see also Peter and Paul, Sts
church in Constantinople, 69depictions
on coins, 118on seals, 115
Peter and Paul, Sts, see also Peter, St; Paul, Stdepictions
in minor arts, 128, 160on seals, 154
hymns to, 144Phokas, Byzantine emperor, 23, 44Photios, patriarch of Constantinople, 65
Bibliotheca, 68Photios of Thessalonika, St
enkomion to, 90Polotsk, city in Rus
churches of Sts Boris and Gleb, 153of the Transfiguration, 130
Polovtsy, tribe, 174, 180Poluainos, military author, 52Polyeuktos, patriarch of Constantinople, 60pre-Mongol Rus, see RusPrimary Chronicle, 95, 96, 149, 174, 175
accounts about Boris and Gleb, 134–5, 137, 142, 143, 146, 147
Procopius of Caesarea, 38, 40History of the Wars, 38
Prokopios, St, 4, 14, 107depictions
in frescoes, 83in friezes, 187, 194in ivory carvings, 78, 81in manuscript illuminations, 91
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in minor arts, 82, 128in mosaics, 82on seals, 115
enkomion by Niketas the Paphlagonian, 73entry in First Redaction of prolog, 107–8sticheron, 144, 145
prolog, Slavonic, 104, 105, 109First Redaction, 104–6, 108
entries for Boris and Gleb, 145, 179entries for George, 107entry for Demetrios, 106entry for Merkourios, 107entry for Prokopios, 107–8entry for Theodore Stratelates, 106entry for Theodore Teron, 106
Second Redaction, 105, 108entry for Demetrios, 108–9
Slavonic Synaxarion, 104, 108Psalms, 47Psalter of Basil II, 90
frontispiece, 91opening poem, 91
Ravenna Church of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, 20
Riazan, city in Rus, 124, 163Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 153
Riurik, prince of Novgorod, 95Riurik Rostislavich, prince of Kiev
veneration of Boris and Gleb, 150Riurikids, 2, 95, 96, 99, 110, 122, 132, 156, 166,
see also princes by namededication of churches, 119, 120naming system, 113seals, 111–13, 114–16, 117–18succession system, 96veneration
of Boris and Gleb, 142, 145–6, 148–62of military saints, 2, 92, 109–11, 122,
203–4Roman army, pre-Constantine I, 1
Christianity in, 5religious observances in, 34–5
Roman emperors, post-Constantine I, see Byzantine emperors
Roman Empire, pre-Constantine I, 13Roman, St., see Boris, prince of RostovRomanos I, Byzantine emperor, 89
campaigns, 32Romanos II, Byzantine emperor, 86
campaigns, 32Romanos III, Byzantine emperor
seals, 111Romanos the Melode, St, 151
comparison with Boris, 139Romans, post-Constantine I, see ByzantinesRome
churches of Santa Maria Antiqua, 20of St George, 22of St Theodore Teron, 30
Palazzo Venezia, 78Rostislav Iurevich, prince of Pereslavl, 177Rostov, city in Rus, 135, 167Rus, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 102,
103, 107, 109, 121, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 149, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 177, 178, 179, 183, 185, 186, 190, 196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205
earliest history of, 94–5official conversion to Christianity, 2, 94,
97, 135princely clan of, see Riurikids
Rus (people), 86, 87, 89, 90, 95, 96, see also East Slavs
attacks on Constantinople, 87, 96Russia, 94Russian Empire, 205Russians, 205
Sabbas the Warrior, St depiction in frescoes, 130
Saracens, see ArabsSaviour
church outside Novgorod (Nereditsa), 129frescoes, 163–4
Scandinavians, see VarangiansScythians, 26, 27, 87, 173seals
Byzantine, 116–17, 173Rus, 111–13, 114–16, 117–18
Second World War, 127Serbia, 104Sergiopolis, city in Syria, 40, 64Shapur II, Persian emperor, 37Symeon,
depiction on seals, 154Sinai, Mt, 197Skirmishing, see Nikephoros II: De velitatione
bellicaSlavs, 102, 144
attacks on Thessalonika, 71veneration of Demetrios, 101, 102
Smiadyn, river, 153Monastery of Sts Boris and Gleb, 152, 179
Smolensk, city in Rus, 135, 152Soğanlı, valley in Cappadocia
Church of St Barbara, 83
Prokopios, St (cont.)
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Solachon, battle of, 40Solomon, king of Israel
comparisons with Andrew Bogoliubskii, 181with Basil I, 65
Staraia Ladoga, city in Rus Church of St George, 130
Stephen, St, 139depiction in ivory carvings, 81relics, 127
Suzdal, city in Rus, 98, 168, 178, 193, 201Sviatopolch, city in Rus
foundation, 174–5Sviatopolk, prince of Kiev, 143
baptism, 135coins, 118–19comparisons
with Cain, 139, 141with Julian, 141with Lamech, 139, 141
death of, 141, 142murder of Boris and Gleb, 135war with Iaroslav, 135, 142, 146, 147,
148, 183Sviatopolk Iziaslavich, prince of Kiev, 151
foundation of cities, 174–5veneration
of Feodosii, 149of Mother of God, 149
Sviatoslav Iaroslavich, prince of Kiev, 151, 152Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151veneration of Gleb, 153
Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich, prince of Iurev-Polskoi, 179, 193
Cathedral of St George, 193friezes, 193–7, 198–200
veneration of Boris and Gleb, 199–200of military saints, 194–6, 197,
198–200of Mother of God, 195–6, 197
Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich, prince of Kiev
veneration of Boris and Gleb, 150Sviatoslavichi, see princes by nameSylloge tacticorum, 57Symeon Metaphrastes, 19, 74, 75
Menologion entry for Demetrios, 71entry for George, 75–6entry for Theodore Stratelates, 73entry for Theodore Teron, 73, 74
Synaxarion of Constantinople, 106commemoration of soldiers massacred in
811, 61
entries for Demetrios, 71–2for George, 75, 107for George and Theodore, 77, 88for Theodore Stratelates, 73–4for Theodore Teron, 74
Syria, 32inscriptions about Theodore Teron, 30
Syrianos Magistros, military author, 53–5, 56authorship of works, 53date, 53De re strategica, 53, 54Naumachiae, 53, 54Rhetorica militaris, 53, 54
tagmata, 57, 69Tbilisi, 84Theagenes, St, 27Thekla, St
killing of Julian, 141themata, 57Theodore, St, 6, 13, 14, 33, 64, 77, 161, 181,
182, 184, 194, 198, see also Theodore Stratelates, St; Theodore Teron, St
Byzantine artistic sources, 13, see also works by category or medium
Byzantine textual sources, 12, 75, see also works by title
depictions on coins, 118, 172in frescoes, 83, 173in friezes, 187, 194, 195in ivory carvings, 84in minor arts, 82, 85, 124, 125, 128on seals, 115, 116, 117, 125, 154
disambiguation, 6dragon-slaying miracle, 14, 128entry in Synaxarion of Constantinople, 77, 88killing of Julian, 141poems by John Geometros, 85, 86relics, 197veneration by Andrew Bogoliubskii,
180–1Theodore Daphnopates, author
hagiography of George, 75Theodore of Sykeon, St
Church of St George, 23Life, 23, 24
Theodore Stratelates, St, 4, 72, 73, 74, 90–1, 107, 198, see also Theodore, St
appearance of, 72churches
built by John I, 88, 89in Constantinople, 87
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depictions in ivory carvings, 78, 79, 80, 81, 131in manuscript illuminations, 90, 91in minor arts, 84, 125, 197in mosaics, 82on seals, 115, 125
dragon-slaying miracle, 72, 73enkomion by Niketas the Paphlagonian, 72–3entries
in First Redaction of prolog, 106in Menologion of Basil II, 74in Metaphrastic Menologion, 73in minei, 103–4in Synaxarion of Constantinople, 73–4
hagiography by Euthemios Protasecretis, 73intercessions in battles against the Rus,
86–9passio, 72relics, 72veneration
by Basil II, 90, 91by John I, 87–9, 111
Theodore Teron, St, 4, 13, 24, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 64, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 88, see also Theodore, St
Byzantine artistic sources, 30–1, see also works by title
churches in Constantinople, 30in Euchaita, 30in Jerusalem, 30in Rome, 30in Venice, 30
depictions in frescoes, 172–3in ivory carvings, 78, 80in manuscript illuminations, 90, 91in minor arts, 84, 125, 197in mosaics, 82on seals, 115, 125
dragon-slaying miracle, 27, 29–30, 74, 75, 106
earliest passio, 27early military associations, 26, 30enkomion by Gregory of Nyssa, 26–7entries
in First Redaction of prolog, 106in Menologion of Basil II, 74in Metaphrastic Menologion, 73, 74in Synaxarion of Constantinople, 74
hagiography by Nikephoros Ouranos, 74–5, 90
homily by Nektarios, 28inscriptions, 30
Life and Education of Theodore Teron, 27Life, Education and Miracles of St Theodore
Teron, 7, 28–30miracle stories by Chrysippos of Jerusalem, 28poems by John Geometros, 85veneration by Basil II, 90
Theodoropolis, see Dorostolon, Euchaita or Euchaneia
Theophanes Confessor, historian, 51Chronicle of Theophanes, 47, 48–9, 61
Theophano, Byzantine empress, 67church in Constantinople, 121Life, 67
Theophilos, Byzantine emperor, 19, 95Theophylaktos Simokattes, historian, 44, 49
History, 39–40, 44Thessalonians, 16, 17, 18, 20, 69, 70, 71, 101Thessalonika, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 66, 67, 68, 69,
70, 71, 89, 100, 102, 106, 108, 140, 174, 185, 190, 192
Cathedral of St Demetrios, 17, 19, 173comparison with Vyshgorod, 146protection by Demetrios, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19,
25, 31, 66sack of 904, 70seventh-century attacks on, 16, 71
Tiberios Constantine, Byzantine emperor, 39toponomy, Rus, 174–6Trojans, 1True Cross, 44, 45, 46Tryphon, St
depiction in minor arts, 157Turks, 173, see also Hungarians
Ukraine 94Urbikios, military author
Epitedeuma, 42Taktikon, 42
Václav, prince of Bohemia, 136, 137comparison with Boris, 139
Varangians, 95, 135trade conducted by, 94–5
Vasilev, city in Rus foundation, 175
Vasilev Galitskii, city in Rus, 176Vasilko Iurevich, prince of Porose
exile in Byzantine Empire, 185Vatican City
Museo Sacro, 80Vegetius, military author, 53
Epitome of Military Science, 41–2Venice
Church of St Theodore Teron, 30Vespers, 146
Theodore Stratelates, St (cont.)
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Virgin Mary, see Mother of GodVladimir, city in Rus, 98, 175, 179
Cathedral of St Demetrios, 185, 192friezes, 186–90
citizens of, 182Vladimir, prince of Kiev, 96, 111, 138, 143
coins, 118–19conversion to Christianity, 97, 99, 102, 135death of, 135foundation of cities, 175wives, 134
Vladimir Monomakh, prince of Kiev, 152, 167Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 152Testament, 149, 153, 176veneration
of Boris, 149, 153–4of Boris and Gleb, 152of Mother of God, 149
Vladimir Mstislavich, prince of Kiev, 149Vladimirko Volodarevich, prince of Galich, 170Vladimir-Suzdal, principality, 134, 168, 170,
201, 202, 204Volga, 95Vsevolod Iaroslavich, prince of Kiev, 151, 152
Church of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151Vsevolod Iurevich, prince of Vladimir, 168, 177,
179, 184, 193, 194, 199career, 184–5Cathedral of St Demetrios
friezes, 186–90church-building activities, 185eulogy to, 183seals, 186veneration
of Boris and Gleb, 149–50, 187–90of Demetrios, 185–6, 190–2of military saints, 187–90of Mother of God, 149–50
Vyshgorod, town in Rus, 135, 139, 147, 151, 152, 153, 178, 179, 182, 187
churches of St Basil, 151of Sts Boris and Gleb, 151–2, 178
comparison with Thessalonika, 140, 146Vytecheva, hill, 175
Walter, Christopher, 4, 5, 9, 12, 19, 25What Should Be Observed When the
Emperor …, 50
Xusro II, Persian emperor, 39, 44, 46, 47, 48
Zechariah, prophet comparison with Gleb, 138
Zelve, town in Cappadocia Church no. 3, 84
Zoe, St church in Constantinople, 121
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