CONTENTSr. No.Topic Page No.1Introduction012 Components of a cooling tower02Frame and casing02Fill02Cold-water basin03Drift eliminators04Air inlet04Louver 04Nozzles05Fans 053Tower materials07Frame and casing 07Fill 08Nozzles 08Fans084Classification of cooling tower 095The psychrometrics of evaporation166Cooling Tower Fundamentals 18Heat Transfer18Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)18Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)18Relative Humidity (RH) 187Cooling Tower Performance19Range 19Approach19Cooling tower effectiveness 19Cooling capacity19Evaporation loss19Cycles of concentration (C.O.C) 20Blow down loss20Liquid/Gas (L/G)208Technical specification219Data from psychometric chart and steam table2210 Design calculation22Cooling tower approach (CTA)22Cooling tower range (CTR)22

Heat loss by water (HL)22Volume of air required (V) 23Heat gain by air (HG)23Mass of air required (Ma)23The quantity of make-up water (Mmak)23

Velocity of water inside the water pipe (Vw)23

Length of water pipe required (L)24Number of turns required (N)2411Cooling tower characteristic24Efficiency of cooling tower() 26Effectiveness of cooling tower() 26Different types of losses2612Tower Characteristics2813Generalized Equation for Cooling Tower Supply2914Air Side Pressure Drop3015Option checklist3116Reference32

LIST OF FIGURESSr No.FigurePage No.1 cooling tower system 012 Splash type fill: wood splash bars023 Splash type fill: plastic splash bars034 Film type fill035 Cold water Basin046 Drift eliminators047 Air inlet louvers058 Nozzles059 Cut-view of fan0610 Cutview of parts of cooling tower0611 Casing 0712 Spray Nozzles 0813 Fan 0814 Classification of Cooling tower0915 Atmospheric spray tower1016 (a) Cross flow and (b) counter flow natural draft cooling tower1117 Forced draft, counter flow, blower fan tower1218 Induced draft, crossflow, propeller fan tower1219 Types of Draft type cooling Tower 1320 Multi-cell, field-erected, cross flow cooling tower with enclosed stairway andExtended fan deck to enclose pipingand hot water basins1421 Round Mechanical Draft (RMD), crossflow cooling tower 1422 Octagonal Mechanical Draft, counterflow cooling tower1523 Multi-cell factory-assembled tower1524 Mechanically aspirated psychrometer16

LIST OF GRPHSSr NoGraphPage No.25 Psychrometric chart with air-water temperature pursuit curve superimposed17

26 Range and Approach19

27 Temperature Enthalpy Diagram of Air Water System27

28 Charts for Merkel Number29

29 pressure drop across drift eliminator30

30 pressure drop across inlet louvers30