i

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF

PV SYSTEM

A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by

CH. VIJAYA VANI (11VV1A0257)

V. MAMATHA PRASOONA (11VV1A0208)

G. CHANDRA SEKHAR (11VV1A0207)

N. TRINADH (11VV1A0244)

S. RAVI TEJA (11VV1A0210)

Under the esteemed guidance

of

Sri Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIZIANAGARAM

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

VIZIANAGARAM-535003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

APRIL, 2015

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIZIANAGARAM

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

VIZIANAGARAM-535003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

APRIL-2015

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF PV SYSTEM is the bonafide work of

CHELLUBOINA VIJAYAVANI (11VV1A0257), VANGALAPUDI MAMATHA

PRASOONA (11VV1A0208), GUNDA CHANDRA SEKHAR (11VV1A0207)

NANDHIKA TRINADH (11VV1A0244) AND SANKURI RAVITEJA

(11VV1A0210) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

degree in Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during the

year 2014-15.

(Dr. G. SARASWATHI) SRI.Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU

PROFESSOR ASST.PROFESSOR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT GUIDE

iii

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, we wish to thank and to convey our sincere gratitude to Prof. G.

YESURATNAM, Principal for providing us excellent lab facilities. We would like to

express our heartiest gratitude and sincere thanks to Prof.G.SARASWATHI Head Of

the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and our project guide

Sri.Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU, Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical &

Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada-

University College of Engineering Vizianagaram for providing us the necessary guidance

to carry out our project work. We would like to take this opportunity to thank him for his

constant support and encouragement and guiding us throughout our work which would

not have been possible without his guidance, support and motivation.

Further, we would like to thank all the laboratory and administrative staff members of

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for their humble cooperation and

support. We would also take this opportunity to give thanks to all others who have helped

us throughout our project and study at our institute.

Project Associates-

Ch.VijayaVani (11VV1A0257)

V.Mamatha Prasoona (11VVIA0208)

G.Chandra Sekhar (11VV1A0207)

N.Trinadh (11VV1A0244)

S.RaviTeja (11VV1A0210)

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INDEX

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT viii

NOMENCLATURE ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FLOW CHARTS xi

Chapter1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1Introduction about the project 2

1.2 Organization of Thesis 3

Chapter2. INTRODUCTION OF PV SYSTEM 4

2.1 Introduction of Photovoltaic cell 5

2.2 Series connection of PV cells 7

2.3 Parallel connection of PV cells 7

2.4 Photovoltaic module 8

2.5 Components of PV system 9

Chapter3. PV MODULE DESIGNING 10

3.1 Single diode model 11

3.2 Modelling of PV module by MATLAB/SIMULINK 13

Chapter4. CUK CONVERTER DESIGN 24

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4.1 Basic operation of Cuk converter 25

4.2 Mechanism of load matching 27

4.3 Components selection 29

Chapter5. MPPT TECHNIQUES 34

5.1 Methods of control of MPP at optimal point 37

5.2 Maximum power point techniques 37

5.2.1 Perturb and observe method 37

5.2.2 Incremental conductance method 38

5.2.3 Constant voltage control method 38

5.2.4 Constant current control method 38

5.2.5 Parasitic capacitances 39

5.3 Soft computing techniques 39

5.3.1 Guiding principles 39

5.3.2 Principle techniques 39

Chapter6. INCREMENTAL ALGORITHM 40

6.1 Flow chart 44

6.2 Implementation of code in MATLAB/SIMULINK 45

Chapter7. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER 48

7.1 General block diagram 49

7.2 Fuzzification 50

7.3 Inference method 51

7.4 Defuzzification 52

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Chapter8. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES 53

OF PV SYSTEM

Chapter9. MATLAB AND SIMULINK MODELLING OF MPPT TECHNIQUES 55

Chapter10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE 63

REFERENCES

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PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF

PV SYSTEM

viii

ABSTRACT

With increasing concerns about fossil fuel deficit, and increasing fuel prices, global

warming and environmental problems, the promising incentives to develop alternative

energy resources with high efficiency and low emission are of great importance. Among

all the renewable energy resources, the solar energy through the photoelectric effect can

be considered as the most essential and prerequisite sustainable resources because of its

free of cost, huge abundance and sustainability of solar radiant energy and it is easy to

install and maintenance free. The main drawback of the Photovoltaic module is its low

energy conversion efficiency. In order to overcome this problem enormous amount of

work has been carried out to improve the solar cell fabrication technologies and to get

maximum possible efficiency from the PV module. Another alternative for improving the

conversion efficiency is applying MPPT to the PV module. The performance of PV

module is analyzed from I-V characteristics. These I-V characteristics varies with

temperature, insolation and shading resulting in the variation of maximum power point.

As the solar power is relatively expensive it is important to operate panel at maximum

power conditions. For a particular load the maximum power transfers when the load

resistance is equal to thevinins equivalent resistance of the panel. This is achieved by

employing a dc-dc converters. The maximum power point is maintained by varying the

duty cycles of the dc-dc converter. This is accomplished by applying soft computing

techniques. This project proposes design and simulation along with comparison of

INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE method and FUZZY LOGIC controller to study the

performance of MPPT in order to improve energy conversion efficiency.

NOTE: - Software Required: MATLAB/SIMULINK

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NOMENCLATURE

SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION UNIT

Iph Photon current A

Isc Short circuit current A

Vpv Output voltage PV module V

Ipv Output current of PV module A

Voc Open circuit voltage V

T PV cell operating temperature K

K Boltzmann constant J/K

I0 Reverse saturation current A

G Value of irradiation w/m2

Q Charge of electron C

Vd Diode across voltage V

F Frequency Hz

D Duty cycle Degree

L Inductor H

C Capacitor F

VMPP Voltage of PV at MPP V

IMPP Current of PV at MPP A

PMAX Maximum power W

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

No

Description Page No

2.1 PV cell 6

2.2 PV Module and Array 6

2.3 PV module series connection 7

2.4 PV module parallel connection 7

2.5 V-I characteristics of series of PV cells 8

2.6 Components of photovoltaic system 9

3.1 Single diode model of PV cell 11

3.2(a) Short circuit of PV cell 11

3.2(b) Open circuit voltage of PV cell 11

3.3 Equivalent circuit of PV cell used in the MATLAB 14

3.4 V-I and P-V relationships of PV module 16

3.5 Conversion of temperature from centigrade to kelvin 17

3.6 Photon current 17

3.7 Reverse saturation current and saturation current 18

3.8 Product of NSKAT 19

3.9 Output current of PV module 19

3.10 Final model of PV module 20

3.11 P-V characteristics of PV module 21

3.12 I-V characteristics of PV module 21

3.13 I-V and P-V characteristics of PV module with varying

temperatures

22

4.1 Circuit diagram of Cuk converter 25

4.4 Basic block diagram of Cuk converter 28

4.5 Cuk converter design in MATLAB/SIMULINK 31

4.6 Output voltage waveform of Cuk converter 32

xi

4.7 Output current waveform of Cuk converter 32

4.8 Output power waveform of Cuk converter 33

5.1 Location of MPP with varying resistive loads 35

5.2 I-V curves for various irradiations and temperatures 36

7.1 General block diagram of fuzzy logic controller 49

7.2 Membership functions for input and output 51

9.1 Final block diagram with INC algorithm 56

9.2 Output voltage waveform with INC algorithm 57

9.3 Output current waveform with INC algorithm 57

9.4 Output power waveform with INC algorithm 58

9.5 Final block diagram with FUZZY LOGIC controller 59

9.6 Output power and current waveforms with FUZZY technique 60

9.7 Output voltage waveform with FUZZY technique 61

9.8 Comparison of waveforms with INC and FUZZY techniques 61

LIST OF TABLES

S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

3.1 Electrical characteristics data of PV module 13

4.1 Cuk converter specification 30

7.1 Fuzzy rule table 52

8.1 Comparison of INC algorithm and FUZZY LOGIC 54

9.1 Conversion efficiency of INC algorithm and FUZZY LOGIC 62

LIST OF FLOW CHARTS

S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE.NO

6.1 Flow chart for incremental conductance algorithm 44