Index

Aden 29, 159 Adolphus, Gustavus 188 adversarial partnership 13, 15 Aegis air defence system 171-2 Afghanistan 9,28,32,47,51,98,

101, 122, 123, 125-6, 159, 169-70, 196

Africa 14,29,52,90,91, 107, 137 North Africa 192 southern Africa 30, 100, 102, 127 sub-Saharan 92

Afro-Asian states 94 Agreement between the USA and the

USSR on Measures to Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of Nuclear War 1971 124

Agreement between the USA and USSR on the Prevention of Nuclear War, 1973 125

AIDS 106 Airbus 34 AirLand Battle 20 I Airpower

aerial penetration 163 Afghanistan 169-70 air superiority 157, 161, 173 air supremacy 157, 164, 165, 168 Aral>-Israeli conflict 165-9 arms control and confidence

building 172, 174 European theatre 155-65 First Gulf War 170-2 future 176-8 Middle East 165-9 nature of 152-5 Second Gulf War 174-5

AI-Mashat, A. M. 113 Albania 127 Alexander, M. 205

Alford, J. 206 Algeria 29, 159 alliances 21, 78-89

ad hoc 85 burden-sharing 79,87 and deterrence 80, 82, 83, 84-5,

87 expedients 79 future of 83-5 and technology 85-9

Allison, G. 131 Allison, R. 43, 132 Alomogordo, New Mexico 26 Alsace 184, 190 alternative defence 15 American Civil War (1861-65) 20,

189,200 Andreski 186, 191,205 Angola 29, 33, 127, 137 Antarctic Treaty 1959 42 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM)

(1972) 45-6, 125 anti-ballistic defence (BMO) 57,

60,62 protocol 1974 45

Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) 211, 213,214,218,222,224

Anti-tank weapons 194-5 ANZUS 82 Arabs 35, 102, 142, 166-9

Aral>-Israeli conflict 165-9 Arab League 49, 102

Argentina 11,32,42,63,67,96,97, 104, 106, 133, 183-4,226

Arias, O. 112 Armenia 94 Armitage 178 armoured personnel carrier 192-3 arms control 14,39,61,62,69,73,

229

230 Index

anns control - collti1/ued 75,172-4,225

'build-down' 52 chemical anns control 48-9 comparison with disannament

39-42,49-50 definition 40-2 evolution of anns control 49-51 history of anns control 42-51 nuclear anns control 44-8 regional 176 stability as goal 40,41,49,50,52,

54,62 synthesis of anns control and

disannament 51-4 verification/inspection 47-8, 53

anns race(s) 61-2, 78, 98, 101-2, 105, 125

artillery 193-4 ASEAN 102 Asia 25,90,91, 110 Assyrians 187-8 Australia 162,226 Austria-Hungary 21, 23 Ayoob, M. 99. 102, 112, 113 Azar, E. 113 Azerbaijan 94

B-1 bomber 51 B-2 173 B-29 160-1 B-52 153, 154, 173 Baker, J. 107 balance of power 4, 21, 39, 40, 41,

51,52,72,84,85,214 delicate balance of terror 63-4 deterrent balance 58, 60, 62, 76 naval 214

Baldwin, David 19 Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) 57,

60,62 ballistic missiles 152-3

ballistic missile technology transfer 104

ballistic missile dcvelopment -Third World 104-5

Ballic Republics II, 94 Bangladesh 14,97, 105 Barber, N. 151 Barnaby. F. 206

Battle of the Atlantic 25 Bazanov, General P. 164, 178 Beirut 141 Belgium 21, 29, 30 Bell, Coral 117,130,131 Bennett, A. Leroy 38 Berlin blockade 27,55, 160

Berlin Wall 120, 122, 159 Bhogal, P. 112 Bhutan 101 Biafra 32 'Big Bertha' 194 Bismarck 79 Black Sea 221 Blainey, Geoffrey 122, 131 Blair 117, 121-2, 123, 130, 131 Blitzkrieg 192,200,201,203 Bloed Arie 132 Blowpipe 195 Blue Streak 88 Boer War 142, 145 Bokhari 113 Bolivia 138 Bond, B. 205 Booth, Ken 7, 17, 19, Ill, 113, 131,

222-3 Boulding, Kenneth 8, 18, 130 Bradley APC 193 Brady plan 107 Brazil 42.95, 96. 104. 107.226 Brest-Litovsk 23 Brezhnev, L. 60 Britain 7, 10,24,34,44,45,68,75,

79,88, 107, 137, 174, 185, 189, 191,194,195,197,226

and Falklands 11,32,63,64,67, 133, 183-4, 199

and nuclear weapons 44-5, 65-6 and postwar period 27-30, 158-60 and seapower 207-14 and World Wars 21,25-6,74,

156-8 Battle of Britain 157 SAS 141 Ulster 16, 141

Brooke, Rupert 22 Brown, Neville Ill, 114 Bruck, H. W. 18 BruneiILabuan 159 Brzoska, M. III

Index 231

Bull, Hedley 17, 54 Bulmer-Thomas, V. 112 Bundy, McGeorge 77 Burke, Captain, J. C. 156, 177 Burton,John 37,38 Bush, George 47, 172 Buzan, Barry 18, 38,225

Cable, Sir James 222, 224 Calvert, P. 112 Camp David 127 Canada 127, 226 Caribbean 90 Carr, E. H. 4, 17 Carter, J., President 199 Carver, Field-Marshal Lord 199,206 Castro, Fidel 137 Central America 90,98, 100, 152 CENTO 82, 102 Chad 102 Charter of Economic Rights and

Duties of States 94-5 Chile 97 China 91, 137,200 China, People's Republic of 26,27,

43,44,51,52,92, 102, 109, 14S, 150,180,226

Chobham armour 192 Churchill, Winston S Clarke, M. 206 Clausewitz, Carl von 137, 146, 155,

179, ISS-9, 191 Cohen, Bernard 9, 18 Cohen, S. 113 Colburn, F. D. 112 collective security 75 Collins, Michael 139 command of the air 157,176 command of the sea 209-10 common security 14-15, 19,96, 105,

110 Concept of Maritime Operations

(CONMAROPS) 215 Concorde 34 Condor project 96, III Conference on Disarmament in Europe

(CDE) 1984 128 Conference on Security and

Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) I, 75, 127-9

Paris, 1990 12S-9, 173 Confidence and Security Building

Measures (CSBMs) 15,41-3 (CBMs) 128, 172-4,225

Vienna document, 1990 128 conflict and cooperation 31-8 conflict and politics 2-3, 115-16,

ISO Conflict Theory 36 Congo 29,98 Contras 101, 123 Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)

treaty, 1990 II, 15, 17,43,44, 12S, 172-3,225

Coral Sea 25 Corbell, Sir Julian 208,209-10,217,

218,219 Cornia, C. 114 Costa Rica 10 1 counter-insurgency 141-2 crisis

bargaining power 118, 119-20 definition 116-17 type of crisis

'adversary crisis' 117 'brinkmanship' 117 'justification of hostilities' 117 'international crisis' 117 'spinoff' 117

crisis management 115-30, 117-23, 136

'conventions of' 11S-19 crisis 'slide' 131 'Fad' 120-3 manipulation of risk 118, 146

crisis prevention 15, 115-30 European development 127-9 norms and rules 126-7 rise of 123-6 'regime' 126-7

Cross 142, 151 Crowl, Philip 205 Cruise missile 69,87 Cuba 42, 100, 103, 104, 120, 137,

200 Cuban missile crisis, 1962 28, 32,

43,6S, 118-22, 124, 129, 130 Cyprus 29, 32, 33, 137, 159 Czechoslovakia 23, 27, 28, 55, 83,

120, 122, 159

232 Index

Dalton, D. 112 Dawes Plan 1925 24 debt crisis 90,95, 106--8, 110, 123 decolonisation 29 defensive defence 201 de Franco, S. 112 de Gaulle 60, 189 dependence 6, 37 Desert Shield 221 Desert Stonn 221, 222, 223 detente 28,50,52, 127 deterrence 13,26,28,29,31-2,36,

39,40-1,55-77,86,87,136, 146, 149, 162, 165, 172, 182, 190,205,208,213,214,215,216

and alliances 80, 82, 83, 84-5 and defence 149 beyond the cold war 74-7 British and French 65~ capabilities 60-1,63,67 communication 63,64,67,76 compellance 71, 76 core theory 55~2 criticisms 59~ credibility and 59~O, 61, 64, 67 extended or active 63, 64-5, 75,

76,85 intra-war deterrence 54, 60, 64 Mutual Assured Destruction

(MAD) 64,69-70,71,83,88, 121, 122, 172

non-military 67 punishment 69-74 purposes and requirements 62~ risk-taking 60,65 Soviet view 71-3

Deutsch, Karl 7, 15, 18 Diesing, Paul 116, 117, 130, 131 Digby, J. 206 diplomacy of violence 13 Directed Energy Weapons

(DEW) 204 disannament 39,40,61

comparisons with anns control 39-42, 49-50

definition 39-40 synthesis with anns control 51-4

Doner, I. I, 89 Dossier, P. 113

Douhet 24 Drell, S. 77 • dropshot' 71 duality of purpose 12, 115, 117-18,

127, 129, 180 Dunkerly, James 112 DUll, S. 112

East Asian Tigers 93 East of Suez 214 Easton, David 2, 17 Eccles, H. 205 ecology 108-9 Edmonds, Martin 206 Egypt 96, 103, 123, 165-8 Eisenhower, President Dwight 59,

60, 161 Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) 203 Elint 203 EI Salvador 100-1 EI Sayed Said, M. 113 Emerging Technology (ET) 202-5 energy security 5 entente 53 Environment 90,95, 106, 108-9,

110, 123 EOKA 137 Erickson, J. 77 Ethiopia 30,91, 105 European Coal and Steel Community

(ECSC) 16, 30 European Community (EC) (EEC) 7,

16,30,34, 134 Exclusive economic zones 225

FI-ll 173 F-4 171,219 F-14 171 F-15 168, 173 F-15E 154 F-16 81,89,153,154,168,170,173 F-18s 219 F·1I7s 173 Falklands 9, 11,32,63,64,67, 106,

133,183-4,196,199,204,222 Fanon, Franz 183 Far East 65 Farley, P. 77 Fidler 114

Index 233

Fitzgerald, F. Scott 24 Flexible response 55,56,69,75,86,

147, 172, 2~1, 215, 220 FLN 142 Flowerree, Charles C. 54 Foch, Marshal 188 Follow-on Forces Attack

(FOFA) 201 Forbes, I. 113 forward defence 64,75,201,215 Fox, William, T. R. 5,17 France 7, 10,34,45,79, 137, 156,

171, 189, 190, 194, 195,200 and alliances 79-81, 83 and postwar period 26,29,30 and seapower 208, 224, 226 and terrorism 142, 144-5 and World Wars 21,23,25

Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) 20 Franco-Soviet treaty on accidental or

unauthorised use of nuclear weapons 43

Frederick the Great 188 Free South Molucca Movement 142,

144 Freedman, L. 77 Frei, Daniel, L. 131 French Indo-China 29 French independent deterrent 65 Frey, General 157 Friedman, Norman 219,221 Fuller, J. F. C. 189, 192. 193 Fullerton, J. C. 155 Fussell, Paul 38

Gaddis, John Lewis 8, 18,89, 132 Galtieri, President 106 Galtung, Johan 17, 134, 150 Gandhi, Rajiv 144 Garnett, John 13, 17, 18 Garthoff, R. 77 Gatt 134 Gazala 192 Geddes, Sir Eric 23 Geneva 49 Geneva Protocol, 1925 48, 181 George, A. 77, 117, 130 George, Susan Ill, 114 Germany 29,30,34,36,64,75,76,

87, 107, 159, 160, 161, 163, 174, 184, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200,201

and seapower 210,212,215,220, 226

and unification 84 and World Wars 21,23, 24, 25~,

55, 156, 157-8, 189-90 Gibraltar 34 Girondists 142 Glaser, C. 77 glasnost 29, 53, 123 Glover, M. 205 Golan Heights 166, 167 Goldblat, Josef Ill, 131, 132 Gorbachev, Mikhail 28,29,43,47,

48,52-3,72,123, 172 Gorshkhov, Admiral 214,216,218 Gotha 156 Gottfried, K. 117,121-2,123,130,

131 Guadalcanal 25 Guevara, Che 137, 138, 150 Gray, Colin 77, 117, 118, 119, 131 Great Depression 24 Great Patriotic War 1941-45 25 Greece 27, 32, 142 Greeks 187-8 Greenland-Iceland-UK 'Gap'

(GIUK) 215 Grey, Lord 10 Group of 77 93 Guatemala 97, 101 Guderian, Colonel 189, 190, 197 Guerrilla warfare 136-40, 141,

169-70,186,200,201 urban guerrilla warfare 140-1

Guernica 25 guerre de course 209,211,215 Gulf, Persian 102, 171, 174,220,

222 Gulf Cooperation Council 102 Gulf crisis and war 9, 16,82,85,

105, 115, 116-17, 123, 129-30, 143, 145, 150, 153, 156, 164, 173, 174-6, 181,222,226

Gunboat diplomacy 222-3, 224

Hall, David K. 130

234 Index

Hall, J. 112 Halperin, Morton 41, 54 Harh, O. A. G. 113 Harrier 182 Harris, Elisa 54 Hayward, Admiral Thomas 215-16 Heath, E. 50 helicopters 195-6 Helsinki 'Final Act', 1975 43, 127

first basket 128 Henry VIII 185 Hermann, Charles I 16, 130 Herz, John 10, 18 Hill 114 Hiroshima 8,26, 155, 160, 190 Hitler, Adolf 24,26,64, 180, 191 Hobbes(ian) 3, 4, 5, 8, 17, 78, 94 Hoffman, M. 113 Holbraad, C. 1 I 1 Holloway, D. 17 Holsti, O. R. 38 Honduras 101 Horn, R. 113 Horn, the 102, 103-4, 138 'Hot-Line' Agreement, 1963 32,42,

124 Howard, Michael 3, 17, 17, 205 Howlett, Darryl ) 10, 1))

Hufford, L. 112 Huhne, W. 114 Hune, S. 113 Hungary 27, 83, 142, 159 Huntington, S. P. 212 Hurley, A. F. 117 Hussein, Saddam 174-5 HUlie,. tactic 200

Iceland 34 Inchon 213 Incidents at Sea agreement 225 India 32,44,76,92,96 101-2, 104,

106, 109, 144,222,226 Indo-China 159 Indo-Pakistan War 222 Indonesia 102 interdependence 5,6, 12, 15,24,31,

34, 37, 90, 134 Interim Agreement on Strategic

Offensive Arms 1972 46

Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) (1987) 28,40,43-4,47,48,87, 109, 126

International Court of Justice 95 international law 182-3,225 International Monetary Fund 94, 95,

105, 107, 109 international organisations 33-5 IRA 142, 143

old 138 Iran 99, 102, 104, 105, 170-2,222 Iran-Iraq war 9,32,48, 104, 147,

170-2,196,220,222,223,226 Iraq 11,32,48,76,85,95,96, 104,

105, 116, 129, 143, ISO, 153, 156, 164, 168, 169, 170-2, 173, 174-5, 180, 181, 184,203,222, 226

Islam 37 Israel 29,76, 102, 103, 104, lOS,

123, 142, 165-9, 175, 198 I ~serson 189 Italy 24, 30, 34, 184, 226 Iwo Jima 25

Jackson, R. H. 111 Jaguar 34 Jahn, E. 17 Jamaica 105 Japan 24,25-6,30,36,63,91,158,

184,190,211,220-1,226 Jenkins, Peter 89 Jolly, R. 114 Jomini 188 Jones, R. J. Barry 38 Jordan 165-6

Kahn, Herman 131 Kamchatcha 221 Kampuchea 98 Kant, Emmanuel 180 Kapur, A. 1I2 Kashmir 101 Kaufmann, William 12, 18, 130 Keegan, J. 206 Kellogg-Briand Pact 1925 24 Kende, Istvan 97, 112 Kennan, G. 17

Index 235

Kenya 29, 109, 159 Keohane, Robert O. 6,17,19, 131 Kennedy, President John 60, 120 Kennedy, Paul 207 Khomeini, Ayatollah 171 Khrushchev, N. 60,68,72, 161 Kidron, M. 97, 112 Kim, Sam 38 Kissinger, Henry I, 17, 18,60 Kitchener, Lord 142 Knorr, Klaus 19 Korean War 55,56, 145, 147, 148,

149-50, 158, 159,213 Krasner, Stephen D. 131 Kuomintang 137 Kurdish question 116 Kursk 192 Kuwait II, 76, 85, 116, 150, 174-5,

180, 181, 184,214

land warfare 179-206 command and control 197 dialectic of war 184-92 future of 202-5 future of combined

operations 184-6 ground warfare 185, 192-205 logistics 196 military doctrine and operational

art 199-202 organisation and

management 198-9 politics and war 179-81 primacy of war 181-4 weapons and equipment 192-6

Latin America 33,42,90,91,92,94, 98, 110, 137, 138

law of the sea 93 Lawrence, T. E. 137, 139 League of Nations 22, 23, 24, 32, 96 Lebanon 168. 169 Lebow, Richard Ned 117, 123, 131 Lee, R. 206 Leebart, D. 77 Lemaitre, P. 17 Lenin, V. I. 6.24, 137, 189 Leonard, James 54 Lever, H. 114 Libya 223

Liddell Hart, Captain Basil 189, 193 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1963 44 limited war 56,68, 85, 115, 133,

145-50,213,222 and deterrence 56,68, 146, 149 and policy 149-50 escalation 146-50 limitations 148 limited nuclear war 70, 71

Lincoln, George 10 Liska, G. 78, 89 Little, Richard 17 Locke(ian) 3, 4, 17 London, 1991 1

bombings 144 London bombing in First World

War 156 London Conference on Saving the

Ozone Layer, 1989 109 London Naval Conference, 1930 24 Lorraine 184 Love, I. L. 1 \0 low-intensity warfare 133-6 Luxembourg 30

MacArthur, General Douglas 149 Mackinder, Halford 207 Macmillan, H. 60 Macpherson, C. B. 17 Maginot Line 189-90 Mahan, Admiral 185.207,208-9,

210 Makeig, D. 112 Malaya 29.30, 159

the Emergency 141 Maldives 10 I, \08 Malvinas see Falklands Mandelbaum, M. 77 Mangold, Peter 13, 19 manipulation of risk 118 Mann. M. 112 Mansingh. S. 112 Mao Tse-Tung 137, 138, 150 maritime strategy 208,216-19,221.

225 Marlborough. Duke of 188 Marshall, Aid 27 Martin, L. 77, 206 Marx, Karl 6

236 Index

Mason, T. D. 112, 178 massive retaliation 55, 56, 86,

146-7, 200 Mayne, Richard 18 McGall, G. 110 Mcinnes, C. 205 McNamara, Robert 69,77 Me-109s 173 Mearsheimer, John J. 7,8, 18,89,

206,217 Memorandum of Understanding

between USA and the USSR Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Link 1963 124

Metcalf, M. 206 Meuse River 197 Mexico 107 Middle East 9, 23, 32, 35, 52, 62, 83,

90, 100, 102, lOS, 120, 122, 123, 127, 137, 138, 158, 165, 174, 187,221,222

June 1967 War 166 October War 166-8

Midway Island 25 MiG 21 171 Milan 195 military incidents at sea agreement,

1972 43 military-industrial complex 62 Millar, T. B. III Miller, J. D. B. 17 'missile gap' 58 Missile Technology Control

Regime 95-6 Mitchell, Billy 24 Moi, President 109 MOnlgomery, Field-Marshal Bernard

L. 197 Montreal Protocol, 1987 108 Moon, Chung-in 113 Morgenthau, Hans 4, 17 Morocco 107 Morse, Edward 38 Mozambique 29 mujaheddin 169-70 Mullins 98, 111, 112 Muni, s. D. 102, 1l0, 1l2, 113 Munich, 1938 157 Murachevik,1. 112

Musail, Alexander 178 Mutual and Balanced Force

Reductions (MBFR) (1973-89), 43-4

MX missile 51,71 Myanmar (Burma) 79 Myers, N. 114 Mylae 185

Nagasaki 8,26, ISS, 160, 190 Napoleonic 57, 155, 188, 191,200 Napoleon Bonaparte 188 Nasser 165 nationalism 20, 23 nature of power and security 13, 14 Navias, M. III Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact,

1939 25 Nazi 180 Nepal 101 Netherlands 29,30,226 Neuhold, Hanspeter 124, 131 neutrality 78 'new cold war' 28 Nicaragua 95, 100, 101, 123 Nigeria 29, 32, 98 Nisbet, R. 205 Nitze, Paul 224 Nixon, R. 60 non-alignment 101, 104 non-aligned movement 93, 104 Noel-Baker, P. 18 Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 44,

50,96 horizontal 45, 49, 103-4 proliferation 62, tl2 vertical 45

non-provocative defence 15 non-violent contlict 2 North 93,95,103,104,107,109,

110,134 North Africa 192 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

(NATO) 1,27,34,49,50,51, 52,53,79,80,81,82,83,84,85, 86,87,200-1,212

aircraft 154 airpower 158,159,161,165,172,

173, 174 burden-sharing 79, 87

Index 237

North Atlantic Treaty - continued deterrence 55,56,57,64,71,

73-4, 7'5, 76 fleet 212 flex ible response 51, 56, 86, 200,

214 Lisbon Goals 159 London Declaration I, 82 massive retaliation 86 Nuclear Planning Group 86 rapid reinforcement 220 sea power 214,215,217,218,219,

220,221,225,226 North Korea 150 Northern Ireland 32, 141, 143-4 Norway 161,215,218

Norwegian Sea 215 Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Regime 104 non-proliferation 95-6, 103-4, 112

Nuclear Risk Reduction Centres 126 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 28 Nuremburg 180 Nye, Joseph 2,6, 17, 19.89, 131

Ohlson, T. III Okinawa 25 OPEC 93, 105 Operational Manoeuvre Groups

(OMGs) 189,201 Ophelimities 18~7

Optimism 7-9 Organisation of African Unity

(OAU) 102 Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) 34

Osgood, Robert 18 Outer Space Treaty 1967 42 Owen, Wilfred 22 ozone layer 108-9

Paarlberg 113 Pacific 90, 211 Pakistan 32,76,92, 101-2, 103, 106,

161, 170,222 Palestinian Liberation Organisation

(PLO) 142, 144-5, 168 Palestinians 35, 145, 168 Palme Commission 15, 19

Paracel Island 226 Paret, P. 205 Parkinson. R. 205, 206 Payne, K. 77 PD-59 71 peace researchers 36 peaceful coexistence 68, 99 Pearl Harbor, 1941 25,73, 157 Peloponnesian War 68, 78 perceptions 9-11, 13, 84, 115, 120,

157 Pershing, General 87 perestroika 29, 123 pessimism 7-9 Petain, Marshal 189 Petropavolsk 221 Poland 23,25, 163, 180, 184, 190 Polaris 40-1. 67 Porczecanski, A. C. 150 Portugal 29, 30 Powers, Gary 161, 166 Precision Guided Missiles

(PGMs) 202-3 Prevention of Incidents on the High

Seas, 1972 125 Projector Infantry Anti-Tank

(PlAT) 194 Prussia 21 Pu, Liu Ming 109

Rahman 113 Rationalists 4, 23 Ray, A. K. III, 113 Reagan, Ronald 28,47,50,57,60,

62,88, 172 realist 3, 4, 93, 109

• doctrinal' realists 5 • empirical' realists 5 new realism 5

Reiss, Mitchell 126, 131 revolution of rising expectations 135 Reykjavik, 1986 47 Reynolds, Philip 2-3, 17 Romania 91 Romans 187-8 Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin 190,

197 Rosberg, C. G. III Rotterdam 157 Royal Air Force 68, 156, 162,213

238 Index Royal Marines 141, 213 Royal Navy 68, 183, 213 Russell, S. K. 112 Russia 21,23,79 Russo-Japanese War 189

Saar 184 Salamis 185 Salazar 29 Salmon, Trevor 131 Sandinista 10 1 Sapin, Burton 18 Sarajevo 123 Saravanamuttu, P. 93, 110, Ill, 112,

113 Sassoon, Siegfried 22 Saudi Arabia 173, 174-5 Schelling, Thomas C. 13, 18,41,49,

54, 116, 118, 119, 130, 131 Schmidt 60 Schuman, Robert 18 Scuds 169, 175 Seabed Treaty, 1971 42 sea lines of communication

(SLOCs) 209,213,216,220 Sea of Ohkotsk 221 seapower 184-5,207-28

sea control 215 sea denial 215

SEATO 102 'Second' Cold War 1979-86 43, 126 security community 7, 15 security dilemma vii, 10, 14, 40, 115

security and development 105-6 Segal, R. 97, 112 Seth, S. P. 113 Seymour, W. 205 Shah of Iran 171 Shauman, T. 112 Sheehan, Michael 54 Sheffield, G. 205 Sheik, A. 113 Shinto 37 showing the flag 224 Shy, J. 205 Simons, William 130 Simpkin, R. 205 Simpson, J. lll, 113 Sinai 166 Singapore 30

Singer, J. David 10, 18 Singham, S. W. 113 Siessor, Sir John 146, 151 Sluys 185 Smith, Adam 207 Smith, G. 77 Smith, Michael 17 Smoke, R. 77 Snyder, Glenn 116, 117, 130, 131 Snyder, Richard 18 Somalia 94 Somme, 1916 193 Sopiee, Noordin 113 Sound Surveillance System

(SOSUS) 213 South 91,95, 103, 104, 107, 110,

134 South Africa 134, 137, 142 South Asia 100, 101, 102, 112 South Asian Association for Regional

Cooperation (SAARC) 102 South East Asia 52, 100, 102, 158,

159, 168 South Korea 30, 150 Soviet Union 11,24,25,26,27,28,

29,30,31,32,33,80,82,83,86, 87, 136, 138, 142, 146, 149

and anns control 41,43,44,45, 46,47,48,51,52,53

and airpower 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 167, 169-70, 172, 173, 174

and crisis managemenl/ prevention 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129

and deterrence 55,58-9,60,61, 63,65,66,68,69,70,71-3, 74, 76

and landpower 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 197, 198-9,200-1, 203,204

and seapower 207-8,212,214, 215,216,217,218-19,220, 221,222,225,226

and Third World 91,94,98,99, 100, WI, 103, 104, lOS, 109, 115

Spain 25,34,226 Spanish Civil War 25

Index 239

Spanier, John 17,77 Spector, Leonard III spheres of influence 83 Sprailey Island 226 Sputnik 58,86, 146 Sri Lanka 29, 32, 101 Stalin, J. 24,68, 161, 189 Standing Consultative

Commission 125 Standing Naval Force Atlantic

(SNFL) 214 Stealth bomber 154 Stewart, F. 114 Stinger missile 170 Stockholm, 1986 43-4, 48, 53

1984 128 STOVL (short take-off vertical­

landing) 214 Strange, S. III Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

(SALT) 28,32,45-6,47,50, 71, 125

SALT I (1972) 28,45-6,51,125 SALT II (1979) 28,39,45-7,51,

125 SALT III 47 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty,

1972 125 Interim Agreement on Strategic

Offensive Arms 1972 46, 125 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

(START) 47 Strategic Defense Initiative 14, 57,

60,62,69,77,88,172,204 structuralism 5, 6 sub-Saharan Africa 92 submarines 211-13 Sudan 30, \07 Suez 80, 158, 159, 167, 195,213 Super Etendard 171 Switzerland 190 Syria 165-6, 167, 168

Taber, R. 150 tanks 192, 200 terrorism 33, 142-5, 152 Thatcher, Margaret 199 Third World 90-114,134,176-7,

201 definition of 90-6

global challenges 100-1 global perspective 103-5 intra-state problems 92, 96-9 regional challenges 99-103 security in Third World 90-114

Thomas, Alan 110 Thomas, Caroline 5, 16, 19, 110-11,

112-13 Thomas, Raju 113 Thompson, R. G. 151 Thorton, T. B. 113 Thrace 221 threats 9-11, 32 Threshold Test Ban Treaty, 1974 44 Thucydides 68, 78 Tibet 180, 184 Tito 137 Tlatelolco, treaty of, 1967 42 Tornado 34, 153, 154 Trenchard Air Marshal 24 Triandafillov 189 Trident 5 I, 66, 70, 71 Tripoli 204 Tu-22 Backfire 154, 173 TU-I60 Blackjack 173 Tuchman, Barbara 205 Tucker, R. E. 18 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail 189,201 Tupermaros 137, 141 Turkey 23, 161 Tumer, Admiral Stansfield 214 Tuwaitha nuclear facility 168

U-2 161 U-boat 210,211,212 USS STark 171 USS Vincennes 171-2 Uganda 29, 98 Ulster 16 UNCT AD 93, 96 Union of European Football

Associations (UEFA) 34 UNITA 137 United Nations II, 27, 29, 32, 80,

99, 116, 143, 148, 149-50, 156, 164,174-5,226

Economic and Social Council 27 General Assembly 27 Security Council 27 Trusteeship 27

240 Index

United Nations - continued United Nations Committee on

Disarmament (Geneva) (1968) 48

United Nations Declaration on Human Rights 180

United States 22,23,24,25-6,27, 28,30,32,33.36.91.98. 100. 101. 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, lIS, 136, 138, 142. 143, 146, 149, 150, 182, 184, 190,191, 193, 197, 199,201. 202,203,204

and airpower 152, 153, 157, 159, 167, 169-70, 171, 173, 174

and alliances 80,81,82,83,85, 86,87

and arms control 40-1,44,45,46, 47.50,51,53

and crisis management/ prevention 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129-30

and deterrence 55, 57, 58-9, 60, 63,64-5.68,69,70,71,72, 73, 74. 75, 76

and seapower 207,209,210-11, 212-13,214,217,220,221, 222,223,225

US Anny Air Corps Tactical School 156

US Commander-in-Chief 199 US Congress 199,216 US Joint Chiefs of Staff 159-60, 199 US Naval War College 214,216 US Navy 171 US President 199 US Sixth Fleet 212,221 US Strategic Air Command 173 US-Soviet Treaty on measures to

reduce the risk of outbreak of nuclear war, 1971 43

Uruguay 137, 141 utility of military power 11-13 Utopian 3,4

Venetians 185 Venezuela 107 Vienna Convention for the Protection

of the Ozone Layer, 1985 108 Vienna document, 1990 128 Viet Cong 32, 170 Vietnam 28, 32, 92, 98, 103, 106,

123, 138, 169, 170, 182, 184, 196, 198,200,218.223

Vladivostok Accord, 1974 131 von Richtofen 162

Wade, R. 111 Wallerstein, Immanuel 17.38 Wall Street 24 Warsaw 157 Warsaw Treaty Organisation (WTO)

(1955) I, 27, 43, 49, 50, 52, 56, 75,76,80,81,82,83,84,85,86, 87,123,159,162-5,172-3,174, 200,215

Washington Naval Treaty 1922 24 Watkins, Admiral, 1. S. 126-7 Weaver, D. 17 Weh,.macht 184, 190,200 Wells, H. G. 24, 153, 154 West Africa 107 West Bank 166 Western Sahara 102 Westmoreland, General 202 White, G. III Whitehead, L. 112 Williams, Marc 103, 112 Williams, P. 113, 131 Wilson, A. J. 112 Wilson, Woodrow 22 Wohlstetter, A. 77, 121. 131 Wohlstetter, R. 121, 131 Wolf-Phillips, L. 110 Wolfe, T. W. 77 Wolfers, Arnold 13, 19 World Bank 92 World Order Models Project 37,38 World War, First 4. 10.21-3.24.31.

34,57, 118, 121, 123, 137, 156, 162, 184, 189, 192, 193-4,200, 208,2\0

World War, Second 22,23,25-6,55, 57. 74,79, 103, 133, 157, 158, 160, 162, 167, 168, 172, 180. 182,184,189,190,193,194, 197,200,201,210

Worsley, P. 110 Wright 114 Wright brothers 22, 153, 155 Wright, Quincy 17

Yalu River 148

Index

Young, Oran 116, 130 Ypres,1917 193 Yugoslavia 23, 137

Zaire 106 Zuberi, M. 113

241