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INDIAN

CORPORATE

WOMEN

AND

THE GENDER

GLASS CEILING 

-  SHASHANK JOGANI, 28 

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INDEX 

Sr.

No.

TOPIC PAGE

NO.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 32. GENDER GLASS CEILING 43. EKTA KAPOOR 6

4. KIRAN MAZUMDAR SHAW 85. SHAHNAZ HUSAIN 106. SIMONE TATA 117. CHANDA KOCHHAR 138. CONCLUSION 149. BIBLIOGRAPHY 15

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken a lot of efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible

without the kind support and help of many individuals and others. I would like to extendmy sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to H.R College and the teaching faculty for their guidance and

constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the

project and also for their support in completing the project.

I would like to express our gratitude towards my parents, fellow friends and the teacher

Ms. Meena Desai for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in

completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also goes to all those who have in some ways helped me

in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with theirabilities.

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GENDER GLASS CEILING

The term glass ceiling refers to "the unseen, yet unbreachable barrier that

keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporateladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements." Initially, themetaphor applied to barriers in the careers of women but was quicklyextended to refer to obstacles hindering the advancement of minority men,as well as women.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling) 

The general-case glass ceiling hypothesis states that not only is it moredifficult for women than for men to be promoted up levels of authorityhierarchies within workplaces but also that the obstacles women face

relative to men become greater as they move up the hierarchy. Gender-based discrimination in promotions is not simply present across levels ofhierarchy but is more intense at higher levels. Empirically, this implies thatthe relative rates of women being promoted to higher levels compared tomen should decline with the level of the hierarchy.

The “glass ceiling” is one of the most compelling metaphors for analyzing

inequalities between men and women in the workplace. The expressionhas been used widely in the popular media as well as in official governmentreports and academic

Publications.

(Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration 1994; Catalyst 1990; Garland1991; Scandura 1992; State of Wisconsin Task Force on the Glass CeilingInitiative 1993; U.S. Department of Labor 1991).

The image suggests that although itmay nowbe the case thatwomen areable to get through the front door ofmanagerial hierarchies, at some

point they hit an invisible barrier thatblocks any further upwardmovement. As one of the earlywriters who used the metaphorcommented, the glass ceiling is “a

transparent barrier that kept women

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from rising above a certain level in corporations. It applies to women as agroup who are kept from advancing higher because they are women”

(Morrison et al. 1987, 13).

In India also Gender Glass Barrier has being taking place . however overthe past years , Indian women have climbed the Corporate ladder and areat peak positions . Some of them are:

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EKTA KAPOOR

Ekta Kapoor, one of the mostrenowned Bollywood producers,has carved out a special nichefor herself in Indian televisionand Cinema. Ekta Kapoor wasborn on 7th June in the year1975. She is the creative headof the famous televisionproduction Balaji Telefilms. Herfather is famous Indian actor

Jeetendra. She is the sister ofactor Tusshar Kapoor and sister

of television and film producer Sharan Kapoor. Thus, she comes from anabsolute flourished family background of Indian film industry.

Ekta Kapoor is considered to be one of the most vibrant and innovativebusinessperson of India. She is rightly called the "ruling queen of Indiantelevision industry". The serials made by her production house BalajiTelefilms are smashing hits in all across India. These daily soaps produced

by Ekta Kapoor dominate all the major television shows in various channelsin India. Her serials have not only caught the imagination of the crowds butalso their heart. Ekta Kapoor has not only produced but she co-produced anumber of soaps, opus, television series and movies with co-operationswith her mother Shobha Kapoor.

Ekta Kapoor not only produced a number of serials, but also produced fiveBollywood films. This includes films like 'Kyaa Kool Hai Hum', which castsher brother Tusshar. After this film, she co-produced another film named"Shootout At Lokhandwala" with the White Feather Films.

Ekta Kapoor won the "Hall of Fame award" at the 6th Indian Telly Awardsin 2006 due to her immense contribution to the television industry of India.

http://sitagita.com/bollywood/producers/ekta.html

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she stands like a colossus in the television entertainment segment andwithin a very short span,

http://www.slideshare.net/kitturashmikittu/presentation-on-ekta-kapoor

In the male dominated television industry of India, Ekta Kapoor has brokenall shackles and risen to be a true visionary giving Indian television analtogether new direction and dawning a new era upon the Indian televisionindustry.

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KIRAN MAZUMDAR SHAW

Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is an entrepreneurwho has tasted success in a fieldtraditionally not associated with women. APostgraduate in Malting and Brewingfrom Ballarat College, MelbourneUniversity, Australia she followed herfather's footsteps into the masculinedomain of brewing and was the firstExpert Brew Master of India.

Not one to rest on her laurels, Kiranexplored the new field of biotechnologyand set up Biocon India to work with

enzymes. After training from the parent company in Ireland, she set up herRs.75 crore manufacturing unit in Bangalore, India. "My career wasoriginally in brewing. The science of fermentation accidentally kindled myinterest in enzyme technology. I began with two products vital to thebrewing industry. This kindled an interest in other aspects of biotechnology

and motivated me to establish this business," says Kiran.Kiran is a multifaceted woman- she is a member of the Board of Trusteesof Karnataka Chitrakala Parishad, Chairman of All India Art Exhibition,Member CII, Member Advisory Committee and the Indo-AmericanChamber of Commerce .

'I have never had to compromise or set aside my principles whether it wasdealing with government, banks or international organisations. I've neverstooped to corruption as I have handled matters directly with the concerned

officials," says Kiran as she describes her business ethics.

http://sitagita.com/working-women/women-achievers/kiran-mazumdar-shaw-in-the-musculine-domain-of-brewing.html

Equal opportunity to all, hard work and a driving force to achieve dreamsand goals combined with a sense of commitment to society mark her as an

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extraordinary woman. Combining technology and a woman's sensitivity,she is a role model for many women and certainly one of the very fewIndian businesswomen to have defied the gender glass ceiling issue.

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SHAHNAZ HUSAIN

Born into a conservative family, Shahnazhad to comply with existing traditions and

was married at the tender age of 15, andbecame a mother by the time she was 16.She trained for ten years in cosmetictherapy and cosmetic chemistry, atleading institutions of the West, likeHelena Rubinstein, Swarzkopf, ChristineValmy, Lancome and Lean ofCopenhagen. Adopting the principle of

"Care and Cure," she set up her own herbal clinic, at her residence, with

very little capital investment (less than US$1000), formulating products forskin, hair and body care, based on the Ayurvedic system and devisingclinical treatments for specific problems. Her formulations and treatmentshave become breakthroughs in natural beauty care.

In fact, Shahnaz was the first Asian to enter Galeries Lafayette in Paris in herbalcare and the first Asian to be featured in the 18-foot shop window of the famousParis store. Hers is the first Indian herbal cosmetic company to have featured inHarods and Selfridges.Shahnaz is also the pioneer of vocational training in beauty in India. More than

25 years ago, when only apprenticeship training was available, Shahnaz startedher beauty institute, Woman's World International, to provide comprehensivetraining in beauty. Today, students come from all over the world to acquiretraining in Ayurvedic treatments and receive the coveted Shahnaz HusainDiploma

In 1993, she started Men's World International, to cater to the demand fortrained personnel in Men's Salons. She recently became the first Indian to open abeauty training institute in London. Shahnaz translated her spiritual values intoreality by opening Shamute, a free beauty training institute for the speech andhearing impaired.

http://www.ibscdc.org/executive-interviews/Shahnaz_Hussain.html

 A woman who grew up in a conservative Indian family to change the faces ofwomen all over India and the world. Indeed a woman who has challenged thetraditions and risen above the gender glass ceiling.

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SIMONE TATA

Simone Tata, currently the Chairperson ofthe Trent Limited, is an Indian

businesswoman. French by birth andeducated in Switzerland, she came toIndia in 1955, and joined Lakmé asManaging Director in 1961, rising tobecome its Chairperson in 1982. Thesmall subsidiary of  Tata Oil Mills went onto become one of the leading cosmeticcompanies of India. As the Chairperson ofLakmé, she was referred in the Indian

media as the Cosmetic Czarina of India. She was appointed to the boardof  Tata Industries in 1989.

Eyeing growth in the retails sector, in 1996 Tata sold off Lakméto Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), and created Trent from the money itmade through the sale. All shareholders of Lakmé were given, equivalentshare in Trent. The Westside brand and stores belongs to Trent.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Tata She was recently honoured by the Indore Management Association with its

'lifetime achievement award for 2005. 

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow/2351326.cms

Mrs. Simone Tata, chairman of Westside, was awarded the Visionary of the Year recently held Images Fashion Awards. She has worked out an uncomplicated equensure the success of Westside, the chain of lifestyle stores the company set up

http://www.tata.com/company/releases/inside.aspx?artid=/tqGwSxOpv8=. 

Glass ceilings and male-dominated corporate enclaves could not stop Trentchairperson Simone N Tata from making a distinct mark on the Indianbusiness landscape. Her pioneering contribution to the cosmetic businessin India is reflected in the enduring appeal of Lakme that changed the faceof Indian fashion and cosmetics forever. Lakme is no longer in her care, butSimone Tata continues to display her innovative brand of leadership withTrent, the company that owns and operates the highly successful Westside

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chain of lifestyle stores and proves to be a source of inspiration for all thosewomen who 1 day aspire to be world famous entrepreneurs.

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CHANDA KOCCHAR

Chanda Kochhar (born November 17, 1961) iscurrently the Managing Director (MD) of  ICICI

Bank and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). ICICIBank is India's largest private bank and overallsecond largest bank in the country. She alsoheads the Corporate Centre of ICICI Bank.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Kochhar

ICICI Bank had named Chanda Kochhar as thesuccessor of K V Kamath to the post of CEOand Managing Director; Born in Jaipur, she wasinstrumental in setting up and scaling up theretail business for ICICI bank.

http://www.ibscdc.org/Case_Studies/HRM/HRM0060.html

Under Kochhar's leadership, ICICI Bank won the “Best Retail Bank in India”award in 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and “Excellence in Retail Banking

 Award” in 2002; both awards were given by The Asian Banker. Kochharhas also consistently figured in Fortune's list of "Most Powerful Women in

Business" since 2005. In 2009, she debuted at number 20 inthe Forbes"World's 100 Most Powerful Women list",[14] and climbed to the10th spot in 2010.[15] Kochhar is honoured with Padma Bhushan Award,the third highest civilian honour by the Government of India for the year2010 for her services to banking sector .[18]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Kochhar

The male-dominated world of Indian financial institutions, are women at thehelm still a rarity? At the dawn of the new millennium, India celebrates the

remarkable progress of women in business. Mrs. Chanda Kochhar is thefinest example of this. She left behind all male counterparts to become theCEO of ICICI and is giving the ICICI name a new status altogether makingit reach unforeseen heights.

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REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration. 1994. The glass ceiling: Illusoryor real? Canberra, Australia: Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration.

  Morrison, Ann M., R. P. White, E. Van Velsor, and the Center for CreativeLeadership. 1987. Breaking the glass ceiling. New York: Addison-Wesley.

  Wright, Erik Olin. 1989. The comparative project on class structure andclass consciousness: An overview.Acta Sociologica Spring 32 (1): 3-22.

  Shambora, Jessica; Kowitt, Beth (2008-10-16). "50 Most Powerful Women2008: #1". CNN .http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0809/gallery.women_mostpowerful.fortune/index.html. Retrieved 2009-09-22. 

  Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/wealth/power-women

  http://sitagita.com/bollywood/producers/ekta.html  http://www.slideshare.net/kitturashmikittu/presentation-on-ekta-kapoor  http://sitagita.com/working-women/women-achievers/kiran-mazumdar-

shaw-in-the-musculine-domain-of-brewing.html  http://www.ibscdc.org/executive-interviews/Shahnaz_Hussain.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Tata  http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow/2351326.cms  http://www.tata.com/company/releases/inside.aspx?artid=/tqGwSxOpv8=.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Kochhar

  http://www.ibscdc.org/Case_Studies/HRM/HRM0060.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanda_Kochhar