india art and architecture ppt(1)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hindu Art and
Architecture
Sarah Modi, Sarah Mupo, Katie Murphy, Mary Petersen
IB World Religions: Blue 4
![Page 2: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Art
![Page 3: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“The man who knows nothing of music,
literature, or art is no better than a beast.”
•Warning of ancient Hindu wisdom
•Hindus think highly of art
•Art = the key to salvation of the ultimate release sought by all good Hindus
•Art is a unity of many forms and artistic experiences very holistic
![Page 4: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Yoga
•Indian art in its purest form
•A disciplined style of self-restraint and worship
•India’s oldest indigenous “science”
•spiritual exercise leading to the beatific vision
-also a psychological process of drawing oneself into the dynamics which control the universe
-and to ready oneself for all kinds of mental and physical activity
![Page 5: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Yoga and Artists
• give the craftsman his creative skill
• inspire the artist, poet, and musician who sought spiritual enlightenment
![Page 6: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Art• Hindu/ Indian artists have celebrated/
immortalized the beauty of human bodies in bronze and stone for more than 5,000 yrs
• Art is most often associated with Hindu religion and philosophy
-difficult to appreciate fully unless one has knowledge of Hindu ideals
-religious urge, a looking beyond -attempt to bring down the beauty of
the things above
![Page 7: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Art Con’t• Art is essentially idealistic, mystic,
symbolic, and transcendental - Mere bodily strength and
mundane perfections of form are never glorified in Indian art.
• Artist is both priest and poet • Only by meditating on the Ultimate
Perfection could the artist perceive the beauty of the Godhead
![Page 8: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•Hindu poetry, art, and mythology, depict the sublime
nature of the Himalayas-regarded as special revelation of divine beauty -seen as fitting shrine for all the gods
The Himalayas
![Page 9: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Hindu philosophy recognizes the impossibility of human art capturing the form of God
• Creates in Indian painting and sculpture a symbolical representation of milder, humanized (but still superhuman), divine appearances which mortal eyes can bear
Philosophy of Art
![Page 10: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Purpose of Art• To suggest divine attributes to Indian
people is the purpose of Hindu art
• True Indian art is stripped of the superfluities and vulgarities which delight the uneducated eye
- believe that Hindu art requires a higher degree of artistic understanding
![Page 11: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bhakti• the moving spirit of
all great religious art
• keeps Indian art alive
• Indians believe lack of it Bhakti is what makes modern Western art so lifeless
![Page 12: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ganesha• the Lord of success
and destroyer of evils and obstacles
• worshipped as the god of education, knowledge, wisdom and wealth
• one of the five prime Hindu deities
![Page 14: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Shiva• The “Great God” of
yogic practice
• Visually represented as “King of Dance”
• most remarkable single symbol of divine powers
![Page 15: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Lotus
Brahma on the lotus flower which sprang from Vishnu’s naval
•Even in earliest art, lotus is fashioned as a seat or as a pedestal on which divine or sacred beings rest in a sitting or standing posture
•Symbol of divinity of major Hindu gods
![Page 16: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Snakes• important images in
Hindu art
• Sacred to Hindus
• seen as protectors and often featured in Hindu art as wrapped around a god
![Page 17: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Architecture
![Page 18: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Overview• Not meant for
congregational worship
• Concentrate on religious and spiritual
• Made from rock• Conservative
![Page 19: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Overview Cont’d• Vimana• Shikhara • Garba-griba• Sanctum
sanctorum• Mandapa • Ardh-mandapa• Mandala
![Page 20: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Temple Architecture• Religious
– Astronomy – Sacred geometry
• Representation of macrocosm and microcosm
• Has an inner sanctum: garba girha• Sanctum crowned by a shikara
– Distinguishes the Nagra and Dravida styles
![Page 21: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
North Indian Styles
![Page 22: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
North Indian Styles• Nagara style• From Himalayas to the Deccan• Shikhara – beehive shaped
– Capotas and gavakas– amalaka
• Shrine is square at center• Bell-shaped structure on main
shrine
![Page 23: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lingaraja Temple
Rajarani Temple
Jagannath Temple
![Page 24: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
South Indian Styles
![Page 25: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
South Indian Style• Dravida Style• Shikhara – pyramid shaped• Have different: ground plan;
position of stone deities; decorative elements
• Walls around whole building• Different types: Pallava, Chola,
Pandya, Vijayanagar, Nayak
![Page 26: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pallava – Shore Temple
Chola - Brihdiswa
ra Temple
Pandya - Chidambaram
Nayak – Rameswaram Temple
![Page 27: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Historical Development
• The earliest worship centers– Abu Simpbel– Elephanta– Ellora
• Horse shoe shaped window• Originally inspired by the Buddhist
Stupa• The Great Stupa
![Page 28: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Historical Development cont’d
• The Stupa– Addition to the temple from Buddism
• Shilpa Shastra– Point of reference for architects
• Hindu temples– Large temples vs. mandirs:
![Page 29: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Historical Development cont’d
• Shwe Dagon temple • Temples Today
– Fundamentally the same as the 6th century
– Richly decorated
![Page 30: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Works Cited"Art and Architecture" http://hinduism.iskcon.com/index.htm. The Heart of
Hinduism Project. 2004. 1 section. 3 Nov 2006. ISKCON Educational Services <http://hinduism.iskcon.com/lifestyle/805.htm>
"Architectural Mosaic" http://www.hinduonline.com/. The Hindu. 12 May 2002. 5 sections. 2002 1 Nov 2006 <http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/05/12/stories/2002051200450800.htm>
Batchelor, Anthony. “Indian Temple Architecture.” TempleNet. 13 Nov. 2006. <http://www.indiantemples.com/temparc.html>
“Ganesha: The Elephant God.” About. 13 November 2006. <http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/aa083000a.htm>.
Havell, Ernest Binfield. The Art heritage of India. Dutton, 1911.
Hindu Architecture. Indiasite.com. 10 November 2006. <http://www.indiasite.com/architecture/hindu.html>.
![Page 31: India art and architecture ppt(1)](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/55664b3dd8b42ab75e8b497a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Works Cited Con’t"Hindu Architecture" 10 Aug 2004, 7 paragraphs. Project India. 11 Nov 2006 <
http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/student_work/global_programme/indiaweb/PI2/hindu_architecture.html>.
Hindu Art. 15 August 2006. Hindu Wisdom. 13 November 2006. <http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Hindu_Art.htm#h%20i%20n%20d%20u%20%20%20%20a%20r%20t>.
Hindu Temple Architecture. Answers Corporation. 15 November 2006. <http://www.answers.com/topic/hindu-temple-architecture>.
Kumar, Nitin. “The Hindu Temple: Where Man Becomes God.” May 2006. Exotic India. 12 Nov. 2006. <http://www.exoticindiaart.com/read/hindu_temple.htm>.
Nangia, Ashish. “Poetry in Stone: Crystallization of the Hindu Temple.” 15 Nov. 2001. Boloji.com. 13 Nov. 2006. <http://www.boloji.com/architecture/00006.htm>.
Temples. Indian Heritage. 10 Nov. 2006. <http://www.saigan.com/heritage/tindex.html>.