INDIAN INDEPENDENCEIndia Lesson 2

OBJECTIVES

Explain the origin & impact of British rule in India.

Describe the path to independence.

WARM UP

What role does reincarnation play in the Hindu religion and Indian way of life?

Soul is reborn (several times) in effort to be released (moksha) to join universal soul (Brahman). Karma determines lot (caste) of soul in next life, so be good in this one!

HISTORY BRITISH RULE

1000-1500s Islam introduced Mughal Dynasty balances

tension

1600 British East India Company est. trade Encourage rivalries Outlaw Hindu practices High taxes on farmers Treaties expand power

1857 Sepoy Rebellion Becomes direct rule colony

IMPACT BRITISH RULE

Drawbacks Industry declines, cash crops = less

food, dependence on GB

Positives Language, railroad & telegraph

system, health care & sanitation, education, form of government

INDIAN NATIONALISM

1885: Indian National Congress Shared governance

1906: Muslim League Muhammad Ali Jinnah

1919: Amritsar Massacre Public gathering Sikh

temple

20s & 30s tension b/t religions grows Jawaharlal Nehru

GANDHI Takes Over INC

Home Rule (1920s)

“Satyagraha” – Civil Disobedience

Boycotts Great Salt March (1930)

1939 “Quit India” Mvmt

No help WW2 w/o independence

THE PARTITION

8-15-1947 Indian Independence Act Hindu India (PM

Jawaharlal Nehru) Muslim Pakistan - E &

W (Mohammed Ali Jinnah)

Explosion of violence & mass migration

1948 Gandhi assassinated

Jinnah

CONFLICT BETWEEN INDIA & PAKISTAN

1947 Partition India E & W Pakistan

First Kashmir War Prince Hindu v.

Population Muslim (backed by Pak)

India helps put down rebellion (Oct ‘47)

Pakistan declares war (47-49).

Karachi Agreement Line of Control, Plebiscite Azad vs. Jammu Kashmir

Second Kashmir War 1965 Pak crosses Line,

India launched invasion. Ceasefire – UN

monitored, arms buildup on Line

Border conflicts still occurring!

1971 India helps East Pakistan in fight against West Pakistan Creation of

Bangladesh

INDIA’S GOVERNMENT

1949 Constitution Parliament (Prime

Minister) & President

Jawaharlal Nehru INC 1947-1964 Modernization

(Industry & Agriculture)

Indira Gandhi INC 1966-77, 80- 84 Assassinated 1984

Rajiv Gandhi INC 1984 – 1991

(assassinated)

BJP-led coalition govt 1990s. Atal Vajpayee 98-04

Manmohan Singh INC 2004 – 2014

Narendra Modi BJP 2014 - Present

INDIA TODAY READING JIGSAW

A Tale of 2 India’s

India at a Crossroads

India’s Raucous Rise

Read & Answer Questions

Share main ideas from each article.

CLOSURE

Why didn’t the partition of India bring a lasting peace?