indian agriculture after independence
TRANSCRIPT
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Good Morning
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Indian Agriculture After
Independence
Presented by:-
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Introduction Agriculture
Policy in India Green Revolution Export And
Import Problems Conclusion
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Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of
economic development of India. Besides providingfood to nation, agriculture releases labour, providessaving, contributes to market of industrial goodsand earns foreign exchange.
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From food shortages and import
to self-sufficiency and exports.
From subsistence farming
to intensive and technology led cultivation.
Today , India is the front ranking
producer of many crops in the world.
Ushered in through the
green, white, blue and yellow revolutions.
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Indian Agriculture India is regarded as the 3rd largest country in the agricultural
sector after China and canada.
Indian agriculture contributes almost 25% to the GDP afterthe independence.
It provide employment to almost 60% of the rural
population.
The agricultural sector of India has occupied almost 43percent of India's geographical area.
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AGRICULTURE POLICY IN INDIA
First phase considered from 1947 to mid sixties,
Second phase considered period from mid-sixties to 1980,
Third phase included period from 1980 to 1991,
Forth phase includes period from 1991/92
onwards.
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First phase (1947-60s)
Development of major irrigation project
Strengthens of cooperative creditInstitution
Giving land titles to the actual cultivators
Abolition of intermediaries
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Second Phase (1960-1980)
High-yielding varieties of crops
Multiple croppingThe package approach
Modern farm practices
Spread of irrigation facilities
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Third Phase (1980-1991)
The next phase in Indian agriculture began in early
1980s. This period started witnessing process of
diversification which resulted into fast growth in non- food
grains output like milk, fishery, poultry, vegetables, fruits
etc which accelerated growth in agricultural GDP during
the 1980s.
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Fourth Phase (1991 onwards)
The fourth phase of agricultural policy started
after initiation of economic reform process in
1991. Economic reforms process involved
deregulation, reduced government participation in
economic activities, and liberalization.
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The Green Revolution is referred to the periodbetween 1967 to 1978.The population was growingfaster than the rate of food grain production atthat period. The government realized the need fordramatic improvement in food grain production.
This resulted in the Green Revolution.
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Continuous Increase Of Farming Areas.
Double Cropping Existing Farmland.
Using genetically modified seeds Provision Irrigation facilities
Use of insecticides and pesticides
Agricultural credit system
Opening of Agricultural Universities and ResearchCenters
Rural electrification
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The agriculture sector has been playing a key in the
composition of Indian exports. The share of agriculturalexports, which constituted more than 30 percent of the
total exports from the country during 1970-71 and
1980-81.The list of major destinations to which Indian
agricultural products are exported includes
Netherlands. Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, UAE,
Pakistan,Uk etc.
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In 1990-91 agricultural exports constituted about 18percent of the total exports which in 2000-01 went downto 14 percent. In 2003-04 agricultural exports constitutedonly 12.4 percent of all exports.
Not only the share of agricultural exports in the totalmerchandise exports has come down steadily over the
years but the share of agricultural exports in agricultural
GDP has also declined from 7.6 percent in 1995-96 to 6.3percent in 2001-02 and recovered to 6.9 percent in 2003-04 .
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The StatisticsExports (in 2010) $465 billion
Exported goods Rice
Pulses
Fruits
Milk and ProductsEdible Oils
Sugar
Cereals etc.
Main Export Partners:
(in 2010)
Netherlands
Bangladesh
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
UAE
Pakistan,
Uk etc.
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IMPORT
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Indias agricultural imports have displayed extremefluctuations, with sudden surge in imports during the mid 90s.
The percentage share of agricultural imports in total importsalso has shown very high volatility, having moved in therange of 28 per cent to less than 2 per cent during the sameperiod.
In recent years agricultural imports have grown at a relatively
high rate of about 23, 22 and 27 per cent in 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 respectively.
In recent years, imports of only two items, namely, pulsesand edible oils have recorded consistently high volumes.There has also been a sharp increase in imports of cotton,raw wool and rubber.
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The Statistics
Imports (in 2010) $286 billion
Imported goods TeaCoffee
Fruits and NutsEdible Oils
Sugar
Roots and Tuber etc.
Main Import Partners:(in 2010)
NepalBangladeshSri LankaUSAPakistan,China etc.
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The contributions of agriculture sector in the Indian GDP
are as follows:-
1990-91 32%
2007 20%
2008 19.5%
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More emphasize of government policies on industrial
growth.
The service sector is blooming and contributing almost
50% to the GDP. Because of the growth of Indian IT and
Banking services.
Agricultural land is decreasing.
Lack of agro-biotechnology in India.
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Fragmentation of land
Low Technology Inputs
Unsustainable Water Management
Poor Infrastructure
Low value addition
Inappropriate Research
Expensive Credit.
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Provide incentives.
Support the private sectors.
Implement the food law.
Targeted Foreign buyers.
PublicPrivate partnerships.
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Agriculture occupies a prominent position in Indian
policy-making not only because of its contribution toGDP but also because of the large proportion of the
population that is dependent on the sector for its
livelihood.
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