indian astronomy in vedic times

7/23/2019 Indian Astronomy in Vedic Times

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4

_fkknmjtfo Gmtnlgmtfomh Mstr`j`gy k`ls j`t rlo`bjfzl „Knruvm‖ ms m vfsfehl stmr

dfxlk mt tnl J`rtn Olhlstfmh p`hl*

Eut EUMNGMJKM( TF_NJ\ $ @[NLU Q\UMJM_ klsorfel Knruvm ms m vfsfehl stmr

mt tnl ljk `d m o`jstlhhmtf`j wftn =; stmrs ij`wj ms _nfsnugmrm tnmt fs mj mjfgmh

dfburl hfil Bnmrfmh/Q`rp`fsl/Rnmhl

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Hfil tnl hugp `d ohmy fj tnl gfkkhl `d tnl p`ttlr‖s wnllh g`vls sh`why sfttfjb mt

tnl jmvlh( Knruvm r`tmtls* Knruvm g`vls fj ofrohls kmy mjk jfbnt o`jsfstfjb `d

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t` el r`tmtfjb tnlrl ftslhd*

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siy* Tlrfhy( nl r`tmtls tnl suj( tnl g``j mjk tnl phmjlts o`jtfjuùshy* [nl

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6

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fs .fj& tnl stmrry œ f řugčrm* [nfs œ f řugčrm snùhk el ij`wj ey fts snmpl mjk

kfvfsf`js*

utt čjmpčkmstmsy čtnm vfcýlymn s`ttmr č nmjun |ymcý`knmrmstu vfcýly` knmrg` gũrknčjmgčřrftmn ||

nr kf jčr čymj mn sčkny` mřvfjù pũrvm pčkmy`n |vmruj mřomrymgčomfvm pmřofgl tmsym smitnfjĩ ||řf řjmg smgvmtsmrmstmsym gftrmřompčjmgčsrftmn |

puoonl mbjf řomgmnljkrmřom gčr ĩ omn imřymp` knruvmn ||t črmi čn řfsugčrmsym jčstmg y čtf omtuřt mymg ||

mbjĩ jkrm imřympčjmg t` omrmg`‖smu knruvmn sgr tmn ||.On 5? v*=15'=12&

Nfs . œf řugčrm‖s& upplr cmw snùhk el ujklrst``k ms \tt čjmpčkm*

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d`rl hlbs wnfhl Tmrujm mjk Mrymgč mrl mt tnl nfjk hlbs*

_mgvmtsmrm fs tnl bljftmh mjk Gftrm òoupfls tnl slmt* Fj tnl tmfh

mrl Mbjf( Gmnljkrm( G čr ĩ om'Imřympm mjk Knruvm* [nl .prlvfùs&

dùr stmrs `d tnl œf řugčrm jlvlr slt* Knruvm fs rlglgelrlk ms

tnl hmst ̀ jl mdtlr M jf Fjkrm mjk Imř m m*



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pũrvmpčk čvmtrfrgmknymg gftr čvmruj mvmpmrmpmkmu mbjfn puoonmsym prmtnmgmg i čj k mg tmtm fjkrmstmtn prmc č pmtfrmenmymg

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enũt čjčgmknfpmtfrmsf tvmg enũt čjčgřrls t n`‖sf tv čg

enũt čjyupmpmry čvmrtmjtl……řf řuiugčr čym jmgmn ||

…*Knmrgm fs tnl nlmk ( Ermngm fs tnl upplr cmw ( Vmcým fs tnl

h`wlr cmw( Tfs j u fs tnl nlmrt ( _mgvmtsmrm fs tnl bljftmh ( Mřvfjs

mrl tnl d`rl hlbs( Mtrf fs tnl oljtlr ( Gftrm mjk Tmruj m mrl tnl nfjkhlbs* Mbjf fs tnl dfrst stlg `d tnl tmfh ( tnlj Fjkrm( tnlj Qrmc č pmtf

mjk Menmymg fs tnl dùrtn* [nfs fs tnl snfjfjb olhlstfmh

œ f řugčrm……*Vù mrl Knruvm( yù mrl tnl phmol `d

Knruvm……Vù mrl tnl H`rk `d tnl Elfjbs .Enũt čn &9 yù mrl tnl

elst mg`jb tnlg* Elfjbs b` mrùjk yù ……



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Fj mj`tnlr Tlkfo mooljtlk tlxt Li čbjf'i čj k m mhs`

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mkkrlssfjb Knruvm fs

knruvmis ftfn knruvmy`jfn knruvmgmsf

knruvmtmstnftmg | tvmg jmis mtr čj čg gltnymsf sm

gčg pčnf pr tmjymtmn || .F*6&

Nlrl tnl qumhfty `d Knruvm ms m stmr fs smfk t` el dfxlk*

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tflk s` tnmt tnly k` j`t strmy mwmy*



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=2

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=>

wl blt tnl kmtl `d ν'Krmo`jfs elfjb tnl Q`hl _tmr ms

?511'5;11 EOL* Fj tnfs h`jb plrf`k( tnl klohfjmtf`j `d

tnfs stmr vmrflk dr`g >21 <4‖ t` >21?4‖( rlmonfjb >61<?‖ fj

5>?1 EOL*

[nl jmgfjb `d tnl Tlkfo stmr Menmym .J`'dlmr& ms

Knruvm .Dfxlk( Olrtmfj& fj tnl œf řugčrm snùhk nmvl

nmppljlk kurfjb tnfs plrf`k( wnfon bfvls m er`mk

rlhmtfvl onr`j`h`by*

Ey =611 EOL tnl slpmrmtf`j `d Knruvm dr`g JOQ

fjorlmslk t` <1 mjk tnl ofrougp`hmr jmturl `d tnl stmr wùhk nmvl ellj lvfkljt t` èslrvlrs `d tnl jfbnt siy*

[nus( m o`jslrvmtfvl h`wlr lstfgmtl d`r tnl j`rtn stmr t`

nmvl moqufrlk tnl jmgl Knruvm wùhk el o 5;11 EOL*



=6

Gmftrmymjf Mrmjymim`d tnl Vmcurvlkm9

G`vlglj

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Rl nmvl

sllj tnmt

tnfs tlxt

elh`jbs t`=>11 EOL

emslk `j

tnl wfjtlr

s`hstfol mt

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51

[nl klohfjmtf`j onmjblk t` jlmrhy >51 ey =<11 EOL mjk

tnl krfdt `d tnl stmr mwmy dr`g tnl JOQ sn`uhk nmvl

ellj bhmrfjbhy lvfkljt d`r `eslrvlrs fj Fjkfm*

Fj tnl Gmftr čymj ĩ .Gmftr ĩ & \pmjfs mt .F*;& `jl `d tnlfgp`rtmjt qulstf`j p`slk ey Ifjb Er nmkrmtnm t` _mbl

œčičymjym wms(

wny Knruvm krfdts( wny tnl mfr strfjbs n`hkfjb tnl

olhlstfmh e`kfls kfp 0

.ifg…**knruvmsym prmomhmjmg…v čtmrmcc ũjčgjfgmccmjmg&*

Fgphfomtf`j3 tnl J`rtn _tmr ujklrst``k ey us ms dfxlk nms

onmjblk fts p`sftf`j9 mj ujgfstmimehl rldlrljol t` tnl

lddlot `d prlolssf`j ms j`tlk ey Ifjb Er nmkrmtnm



5=

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55

Rnftjly wr`tl ‘…*mjy stmr j`t t`` kfstmjt dr`g tnl p`hl wùhk nmvl

smtfsdflk e`tn tnl jlwhy wlkklk w`gmj mjk tnl lxnfeft`r9 tnlrl fs j`

jllk `d mssugfjb tnmt tnl oust`g fs `jl nmjklk k`wj dr`g tnl rlg`tl

plrf`k wnlj ν'Krmo`jfs wms rlmhhy vlry oh`sl t` tnl p`hl( mor`ss mj

fjtlrvmh `d tw` ̀ r tnrll tnùsmjk ylmrs kurfjb wnfon tnlrl fs j` gljtf`j

`d p`hl'stmr( lftnlr fj Tlkm `r fj Er čngmjm*‗

Uld3 YR*K* Rnftjly .=>6<& @j m rloljt mttlgpt ey Cmoèf mjk [fhmi t` kltlrgfjl `j

Mstr`j`gfomh Lvfkljol tnl Kmtl `d tnl lmrhflst Tlkfo Qlrf`k ms ;111 EO* [nl Fjkfmj

Mjtfqumry( 5;( ?4='?46W

Ilftn( o`ggljtlk `j tnl Nfjku gmrrfmbl rftumh

‘…tnl mrbugljt dr`g tnl p`hl stmr mssugls mj moourmoy fj tnl klgmjks `d tnl

prfgftfvl Fjkfmj wlkkfjb rftumh wnfon fs wn`hhy ujjmturmh*‗ Nl o`jtfjulk ‘…**m

pmssmbl wnfon o`jsfsts `d d``hfsn rlms`js d`r prldlrrfjb `jl `r `tnlr `d tnl

Jmismtrms9 wl mrl fj tnl smgl rlbf`j `d p`puhmr elhfld ms wnlj fj tnl _utrmhftlrmturl tnl lxfstljol `d Knruvm( m dfxlk p`hmr stmr( fs mhhlblk*‗ Nl mkklk m

d``t j`tl( ms tnùbn j`t smtfsdflk wftn nfs mrbugljts .p 26&9 ‘[nl p`hl stmr(

Knruvm( mpplmrs fj tnl Brnym _utrms `jhy*‗

Uld3 YE*Ilftn .=65<& [nl Ulhfbf`j mjk Qnfh`s`pny `d tnl Tlkm mjk \pmjfsnmksNmrvmrk

\jfv* Qrlss( \_M*W



5?

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m

siy pfoturl `d m K h̀pnfj/Bnmrfmh hfil dfburl wftn dùrtllj

stmrs(

tnl hmst stmr `j tnl tmfh h`ìfjb dfxlk wftnùt mjyèslrvmehl g`tf`j wftn rlsplot t` `tnlr stmrs(

s`gl tfgl fj ?511'5>11'5;11 EOL

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5;

Ermngmjkm purmjm

enmis črtnmg mgr tmg s`gmn p`urj mgčsy čg upčsmtl |

li čg r čtr ĩ g surmfn smrvmfn pftr enfn smrs fenfn smnm ||

s`gmsym ir s j m'pmis čkmu enčsimr čenfguinmsym tu |

prmis ĩ ymjtl pftr 'klvmfn pĩ ymgčjčn imh č'irmgčt

trmym řom trfg řmtm řomfvm trmymn 'trfg řmt tmtnmfvm om |

trmym řom trf'smnmsr čřom klv čn s`gmg pfemjtf vmf ||ftyltmfn pĩ ymgčjmsym ir s j č vmrknmjtf vmf imh čn |

is mymjtf tmsgčt řuih čřom ir s j č č py čymymjtf om || .F' 5?*44'46&

G``j fs mppr`monlk ey mhh tnl klftfls( gmjls mjk r s fs d`r m jfbnt `j Duhh g``j( d`r

pmrtmifjb mgr tm* Dr`g tnl elbfjjfjb `d tnl kmri d`rtjfbnt( pmrts `d g``j dmofjb suj(

klorlmsl elfjb kruji ey pftr 'klvmt čs kfbft ey kfbft*

[nrll nujkrlk mjk tnrll( tnlj tnfrty'tnrll mjk mbmfj tnrll tn`usmjk mjk tnrll b`kskrfji s`gm* .??)?1?)?11?7???6& Elfjb kruji tnfs wmy( tnl kmri kfbfts fjorlmsl wftn

o`rrlsp`jkfjb klorlmsl fj tnl erfbnt kfbfts*

[nl me`vl jugelr fs tnl jugelr `d Tfsnvlklvmn .Mhh'b`ks& `d tnl Ufbvlkm - [nlsl

mrl fgp`rtmjt fj rftumhs o`jjlotlk wftn mjolstrmh rftls*

[nl rftumhfstfo o`rrlhmtf`j eltwllj g``j mjk pftrs fs wlhhij`wj eut tnl mstr`j`gfom

hfji fs fjtrfbufjb-



5<

[nl oùjt stmrtlk `j m Duhh G``j t` pròllk tfhh mgčv čsym mjk

st`pplk tfhh tnl jlxt Duhh G``j( t` rlplmt mbmfj fj tnl smgl dmsnf`j

wftn bmps fj tnl erfbnt d`rtjfbnt*

[nfs jugelr fs tnl oùjt `d tftnf s fj tnl kmri d`rtjfbnts sugglk up ms

???6 slquljtfmhhy d`r m splofmh purp`sl*

Fd e`tn tnl d`rtjfbnts wlrl t` el fjohuklk( tnfs oùjt wùhk el

???6x57442> tftnf s*

442>/?1 7 555*4 hujmtf`js( wnfon fj rùjk dfburls fs tnl lohfpsl oyohl

`d 55? syj`kfo g`jtns*

Tlkfo g`jtns wlrl hujmr eut tnl ylmr wms s`hmr* Ft fs ij`wj dr`g tnl

Tlkčŋbm Cy`tfs m `jl s`hmr ylmr wms tmilj t` nmvl ?2= tftnf s*

???6x57442>7 ?2=x=>

Nljol ???6 fs m pr`xy d`r tnl => ylmr lohfpsl plrf`k*



54

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_@GM FJ [NL MKNFKMFTM GLMJFJB F_ [NL G@@J

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p`urj mgčsyčgmenfs uj vmjtf .œm* Er* ==*=*<*?&

.V ā_IM‖_ JFU\I[M ==*;'<&

mtnm mknfkmfvmtmg|

s`gmg ymg ermngčj ̀ vfkun omjkrmgmsmg jm tmsym m řjčtf

im řomjm klvm ftf||s`g` r ũ pmvf řls mfn `s mknfn omjkrmgč v č



52

Kmrsnm'purjmgčsm Fsntf mhs` omhhlk KQ'Vmbm nms kfrlot mstr`j`gfomh o`jjlotf`j

wftn tnl G``j*

Kmrsnm7Jlw G``j

Qurjmgčsm7Duhh G``j

[nl rftumh fs `rkmfjlk t` el `eslrvlk ujklr tnl _nrmutm systlg wnfon fs vlry wlhh

rlo`rklk fj tnl Tlkfo Imhpm tlxts*

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KQ V āBM FJ QU@BUL__

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56

[NL KQ'TLKF F_ OMHHLK MJ[MUTLKF FJ [NL _NU@\[M QUMV@BM @U QUMO[FOMH E@@I_

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pmrtfouhmrhy wnlj jugelrs mrl mhs` mssòfmtlk wftn tnl olhlstfmh kfvfjftfls* Fj tnfs tmhi F pr`p`slt` o`jsfklr tw` suon siy g`klhs mpplmrfjb fj tnl Tlkms mjk tnl Qur čj ms*

f& [nl o`jstlhhmtf`j œfřugčrm wftn dùrtllj b`ks gljtf`jlk fj tnl [mfttfr ĩ ym ārmj ymim wnfon

omrrflk Knruvm tnl Q`hl _tmr mt fts tmfh ms tnl hmst glgelr* [nl èslrvmtf`j `d tnl ujonmjbfjbKnruvm mt tnl ljk `d tnl œfřugčrm .g`klrj Krmo`& fs kmtlmehl t` tnl plrf`k ?511'5>11 EOL*

ff& Oùjt `d ???6 klftfls fj tnl Ubvlkm wn` krfji g``j `jhy fj tnl kmri d`rtjfbnts* [nl hujmr jugelr .???6x57442>& wms tnl `rfbfjmh lohfpsl oyohl `d =>'ylmrs wftn ?2= tftnfs plr ylmr* [nfs

h`jb oùjt wms g`st hfilhy tnl emsfs `d tnl Tlkmjbm Cy`tfsnm dfvl ylmr oyohl `d ?44 s`hmr kmys

plr ylmr* [nl me`vl tw` g`klhs mrl wlhh prlslrvlk fj tnl Ermngčj k m Qur čj m wftn g`rl kltmfhs*

fff& Fd tfgl plrgfts F wfhh tmhi meùt vfsfefhfty jugelrs `d phmjlts mjk o`glts fj tnl _mgnftč tlxt`d Qmr čřmrm ij`wj t` Tmr čnmgfnfrm mjk nfs o`ggljtmt`r \tpmhm* Nl rlo`rks mj èslrvmtf`jmh

trmkftf`j tnmt susplotlk Mbmstym .Omj`pus& t` el m phmjlt* Nl plrnmps kfrlothy èslrvlk tnmt tnl

rfsl mjk slttfjb `d Mbmstym wms hfjilk t` stmrs nmstm mjk r`nfj ĩ rlsplotfvlhy elfjb oh`sl t` _uj*

Mhh tnl me`vl tnrll lxmgphls nmvl hldt tnlfr str`jb d``tprfjts fj tnl gmtnlgmtfomh mstr`j`gy `d

tnl hmtlr sfkknčjtms*

Uldlrljols

=* U*J* Fyljbmr .51==& Knruvm tnl Mjofljt Fjkfmj Q`hl _tmr3 Dfxfty( U`tmtf`j mjk G`vlgljt*

Fjk*C Nfst* _of*( ;4*=9 pp 5?'?6*

5*U*J*Fyljbmr $ TN_ Iugmr .51=5& Mronml`mstr`j`gfomh _fbjfdfomjol `d tnl

Kmr řmpũrj mgč sm mhtmr * Fjk* C Nfst* _of*( ;2*? 9 pp<=?'<=6*

?* U* J* Fyljbmr .511>& Mromnmfo Mstr`j`gy `d Qmr čřmrm mjk Tr kknm Bmrbm* Fjk* C* Nfst* _of*(

;?*=9 pp* ='52*

indian astronomy in vedic times

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