indian institute of management, lucknow 1. quick appraisal of nregs in uttar pradesh
TRANSCRIPT
Indian Institute of Management, LucknowIndian Institute of Management, Lucknow 1
Quick Appraisal of NREGS Quick Appraisal of NREGS in in
Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh
Indian Institute of Management, LucknowIndian Institute of Management, Lucknow 3
IIM Lucknow was entrusted with undertaking
Quick Appraisal of NREGS in five districts of
Uttar Pradesh:
Sl. District1 Bareilly
2 Jalaun3 Jhansi
4 Gorakhpur5 Kushinagar
Indian Institute of Management, LucknowIndian Institute of Management, Lucknow 4
Quick Appraisal ReportQuick Appraisal Report
Structure of Report:1. Introduction2. Sample Selection & Research
Methodology3. Overall Findings & Analysis: 5
Selected Districts
1. Impact of NREGS2. Implementation of NREGS
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Quick Appraisal ReportQuick Appraisal Report
Structure of Report (Contd...):
4. District-wise Findings & Analysis5. Inferences6. Recommendations7. Annexure
1. Survey Tools:1. Beneficiary Schedule2. Non-Beneficiary Schedule
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Quick AppraisalQuick Appraisal
District Selection Criteria:
The Districts for Quick Appraisal of NREGS were selected in consultation with the State Government
based on following criteria :
– Districts which have experienced significant positive impact under NREGA.
– Districts which have experienced constraints to the optimal performance of the scheme.
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Quick AppraisalQuick Appraisal
S.No.
District Phase Year
A. Good Performing Districts
1. Jalaun I 2006-07
2. Kushinagar I 2006-07
3. Jhansi II 2007-08
B. Poor Performing Districts
4. Gorakhpur I 2006-07
5. Bareilly III 2008-09
Sample Selection:
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Quick AppraisalQuick Appraisal
Sample Size:
Districts Blocks
Villages Beneficiaries Non-Beneficiaries
Bareilly 2 8 80 80
Jalaun 2 8 80 80
Jhansi 2 8 80 80
Gorakhpur 2 8 80 80
Kushinagar
2 8 80 80
Total 10 40 400 400
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District
Block- A Block- B
GP-IOngoing Work
GP-IVCompleted Work
GP-IIIOngoing Work
GP-IIOngoing Work
10 Beneficiary 10 Non-Beneficiary
Sampling Design:
Quick AppraisalQuick Appraisal
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Specific Issues for Appraisal:
– Impact of NREGS:
Supplementing Employment and Livelihood Opportunities
Economic and Social Empowerment of Women through equal wages, greater work opportunities
Increase in Income and wages
Inclusive Growth particularly for disadvantaged groups- BPL/SC/ST/disabled
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
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Specific Issues for Appraisal:
– Impact of NREGS:
Financial Inclusion-Bringing the marginalized into the formal banking system
Creation of Durable & Productive assets & Effective Convergence practices
Regeneration of natural resource base through plantation, afforestation, water conservation and other activities
Stemming of Migration (at the level of the village, district and/or state)
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
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Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Specific Issues for Appraisal:
– Impact of NREGS:
Strengthening of Panchayati Raj Institutions
Ensuring transparency & accountability
Building social capital
Other Multiplier effects of NREGA
Any innovation/ best practice/ case studies/ beneficiary narratives
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Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Specific Issues for Appraisal:
– Implementation of NREGS:
Awareness Generation through information Education & Communication
Registration & Job Card
Application for Employment
Work Process• Planning• Execution
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Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Specific Issues for Appraisal:
– Implementation of NREGS:
Wage Payment Record Maintenance Human Resources Monitoring & Vigilance Management Information System (MIS) Social Audits & Grievance Redressal Flow of Funds
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Data for the Study:– Secondary Data:
• State Level• District Level• Block Level• Gram Panchayat/ Village Level
– Primary Data:• Stakeholders
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
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Techniques and Tools used for Research:
Qualitative: Focus Group Discussions Interviews with District/ Block/ Village Level
Officials
Quantitative: Field Visits Survey Schedules
• Beneficiary• Non-Beneficiary
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
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Knowledge
Perception
Behavior
ExperienceAttitude
Non-Beneficiary Beneficiary
Quick Appraisal of NREGS: Qualitative Issues:
– Aspects related to Implementation of Scheme
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Overview of NREGS: 5 Selected Districts
Impact of NREGS
– Survey findings are based on:
400 Beneficiary respondents
604 persons registered on job cards of 400
Beneficiaries
580 (96%) out of 604 were provided employment
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Impact of NREGS
Supplementing Employment and Livelihood Opportunities
– On Average 42 days work is demanded by a
person registered & 63 days per HH.
– On Average 44 days work has been provided
to those who demanded work (2006-09)
– Only 15% HH demanded & 6.25% of 400 HH
were provided 100 days employment
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Impact of NREGS
Economic and Social Empowerment of Women through equal wages, greater work opportunities
– Majority (80.2%) of Beneficiaries (persons
provided work) are Male
– Only 19.8% Beneficiaries (persons provided
work) are Female
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Impact of NREGS
Increase in Income and wages
– Minimum Wages paid under NREGS has
increased from Rs. 58 to Rs. 100 per person
per day
– Local wage rate prevailing in the surveyed
GPs have also increased by 15-20%.
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Impact of NREGS
Inclusive Growth particularly for disadvantaged groups- BPL/ SC/ ST
– 85.3% Beneficiaries belong to Below Poverty
Line Category
– 50% Beneficiaries belong to Scheduled
Castes
– 44.5% Beneficiaries belong to Other
Backward Castes
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Financial Inclusion-Bringing the marginalized into the formal banking system
– 97.7 % Beneficiary HH are operating through
Bank/ PO accounts.
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Overview of NREGS: 5 Selected Districts
Implementation of NREGS
– Survey findings are based on:
400 Beneficiary respondents
384 Non-Beneficiary respondents
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Implementation of NREGS:
Awareness Generation through Information Education Communication
– Radio is a major source of Information to
respondents (36 %)
– Role of Gram Pradhan in NREGS
communication to Beneficiary (92.3 %)
– Gram Sabha is general mode of IEC
Dissemination in GP (62.6% respondents)
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Registration & Job Card
– 99% Beneficiaries apply to Gram Panchayat for
NREGS registration
– 85.8% Beneficiary applicants get assistance from
Gram Rozgar Sevak
– Job Cards Issued to beneficiaries after
Verification 81.8%
– Issuance of Job cards to beneficiaries within 15
days 91%
– Registration of all eligible applicants 94.3%
Beneficiaries
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Application for Employment
– Oral applications for work by 92.5%
Beneficiaries
– 88% Beneficiaries were never issued
receipts in lieu of application for work
– Only 57.8% Beneficiaries were always
provided employment within 15 days
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Works Process
– Planning
– Meeting of Gram Sabha for Selection of works
(45.2% respondents)
– Selection of works according to priorities of Gram
Sabha (41.6% respondents)
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Work Process
– Execution
– Improper work-site management (34%
beneficiaries)
– Only drinking water is made available at
work-site (86.3% beneficiaries)
– Muster-roll maintenance/ updation at work-
site (89.6% beneficiaries)
– Proper measurement of work done by
workers (86.3%beneficiaries)
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Wage Payment
– Payment of Wages: Weekly (63.8%
beneficiaries), Fortnightly (22.8% beneficiaries)
– Wage payments through Bank/ PO (95.2%
respondents)
– Non- Issuance of Wage slip (85.5%
beneficiaries)
– No updation of work done, wages paid details
on Job Cards (21.8% beneficiaries)
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Record Maintenance
– Maintenance of Job Card Register in GP
(52.5% beneficiaries)
– Timely & Proper updation of all NREGS
records in GP (44.8% beneficiary)
– Proper scrutiny of NREGS records by Officials
(50.8% beneficiaries)
– Non-availabilty of NREGS records on Request
to Beneficiaries (38%)
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Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
Human Resources
– Availability of Full Time staff (GRS) for NREGS (86.8% beneficiaries)
– Unawareness about constitution of VMC in GP (80% respondents)
Monitoring & Vigilance
– Monitoring & supervision of NREGS by Monitoring agencies (14.5% beneficiaries), 82% are unaware
– Inspection and sample checks by Govt. Officials (63.3% beneficiaries)
– No Monitoring of NREGS implementation by VMC in GP (78.8% beneficiaries)
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Social Audits & Grievance Redressal
– Organization of Employment Guarantee day
(20.8% respondents)
– Social audit conducted in GP (6.9%), Unaware
(79.1%) respondents
– (87.8%) Respondent’s never participated in social
audit process
– Complaints regarding NREGS (10.3%
beneficiaries)
– 80% respondents are unaware about Set-up of
helpline for Grievance redressal
– Unaware about Rights & process to seek
information under RTI (98.7 % respondents)
Findings & AnalysisFindings & Analysis
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Remedial Actions
– Strengthening of Information, Education and
communication of NREGS
– Improving the participation of Women
– Mahila Gram Rozgar Sevaks may be appointed
– Awareness about season specific demand for
employment under NREGS
RecommendationsRecommendations
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– Accounts may be opened preferably in the name of
women workers to empower them
– Banking system to be made more cooperative
– Strengthening of computerised MIS at Block Level
– Adequate Full time Staff for NREGS & Training
– No charges in any form should be taken for Job
Cards
RecommendationsRecommendations
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– Written applications should be encouraged
– Planning to be strengthened and made transparent
– Work-site facilities to be improved
– VMCs to be made more popular
– Monitoring & Evaluation to be strengthened
– Record maintenance to be made more efficient
RecommendationsRecommendations
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Issues Flagged for DiscussionIssues Flagged for Discussion
Need of shift from project mode to mission mode
Re-orientation of all the stakeholders particularly Panchayati Raj System and administrative set-up
Definition of household to be disseminated and made popular
100 days guarantee must be at individual level not household
Look for dovetailing with annual district plan
Multi-faceted strategy for mission-mode
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