indian railways - past and present
TRANSCRIPT
Indian Railways - Past and PresentBy: Chitresh Shrivastva
A new chapter begins
Introduction of railways paved way for Industrialization in
the 19th Century
Employment opportunities for people in the Urban and Rural
areas*
Construction of workshops for maintaining locomotives and
coaches
Pioneer of modern management techniques
Helped in breaking Social and cultural differences
Facilitated discipline in the society*
Emergence of nationalism and emperialism
Stations as a place for meeting people of diverse cultures
North America and England highly benefited later shifting the
same to India
In the Indian scenario
British earlier planned to construct line between Bangalore and
Madras( today known as Chennai)*
Survey carried out between 1831-33
British shifted their attention to the construction of Mumbai-
Thane line.
Location of ports perhaps prompted the British to construct the
line between Mumbai and Thane
Factors taken into
consideration
Cost of construction*
Returns expected on the particular route
Climatic conditions
Geographical conditions
Geographical security
Procurement of trustworthy and competent workers
Gauge System
5ft 6in*. Gauge suggested by Lord Dalhousie and Mr. Simms,
government engineer
Ensured greater volume of traffic
Evolution of 3 different gauge systems in 1871
Gauge Measurement
Broad 5’6”
Metre 3’0.75”
Narrow 2’0”
2’6”
An abrupt evolution?
Railways evolved in 6 different stages
10 private companies set up for construction of railways
Need aroused due to slow pace of construction of railways
under the Company
Provision of capital for laying down of railway lines
The interest rate fixed at 4.5% to 5%
The system however was criticized by Lord Lawrence
Railway Companies often inflated their expenses which caused
financial burden on the government
1869 onwards he government takes control of construction of
railway lines
1870-1882 a catalyzing period for railways
5000 miles of line suggested for protection of countries
against famines
Purchase of railway companies by the government
Princely states encouraged to build their own railways
Their existed 42 different railway systems.
Gwalior Light Railway , Nizam State Railway and Sangli state
Railway some prominent railways
Railways forced to curtail its expenditure
Approx. 17000 crores withdrawn from Railway Safety fund
during the World War II od which Britain was a part
What about finances?
Ackworth Committee in 1920
Committee comprised of Indians like Rajendranath Mukherjee,
V.S Srinivas, Sir Purushottam Das Thakurdas
Suggested that railways can function effectively provided that
it is separated from the General Budget
The recommendations of Ackworth Committee approved in
the convention held on September 20, 1924
During the colonial regime Railways was a private enterprise
that evolved on public risk
Introduction subsidy provision*
3 different financial alternatives : Revenue surpluses, borrowed
money and reserve surpluses evolved.
Railways staggered to meet the interest charges at full rate.
The financial performance however revived during 1930s and
1940s
Railways fully nationalized post independence
Freight and passenger output
between 1884- 1939
Freight
10%
Passenger
3%
Freight and Passenger output
between 1881-1939
Freight
4%
Passenger
4%
GLOBALIZATION AND INDIAN
RAILWAYS
Globalization and its impact on Indian
Railways
1991 as a year of economical transformation.
Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization takes birth in India.
Indian Railways retained the tag of a Public Sector Undertaking.
At the time of Economic Reforms Indian Railways was financially weak
Termed as a Time Bomb waiting to explode
Railways now in a position to initiate projects on the PPP
model*
Konkan Railway, Pipavav Railway Corporation , Rail
Vikas Nigam some prominent examples.
Introduction of schemes like OYW (Own Your Wagon),
BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer) and BOT (Build
Operate Transfer)
Setting up of International Institute Of Railways in New
Delhi
RITES and IRCON- the technical and constructional wing
of Indian Railways have worked on several international
projects
Setting up of CONCOR in association with International
Union of Railways
Are there any evidences of global companies prior to
economic reforms?
The Swiss Elevator and Car Mfg. company set up the first
rail coach factory in Perambur
ALCO a USA based company the first diesel locomotive
rolled out in 1964
Other companies which came into play Jessop and Co.,
Burn and Co. and Braithwaite and Co. which are now Bhari
Udyog Nigam Ltd.
Post 1991 Developments
The first 4000 HP locomotive with State-of-the-Art
technology and was rolled out in 2002
100% dynamic Braking
Capable of hauling a 24 coach train at 160 kmph
Co-Co Wheel Design
Cost : Approx. 11.5 crores
6000 ltrs Fuel Capacity
In 2003 Indian Railway introduced German Manufactured
ALSTOM LHB coaches
Maximum Operating Speed :160 kmph
Higher seating Capacity
Anti telescopic*
CBC- Central Buffer Coupling
Controlled Discharge System*
Cost : 75 lakhs- 1.8 crores
The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works rolled out the first
state - of Art Electric locomotives WAP5 And WAP7
Engine horsepower for WAP5- 5400 HP and WAP7-6000
HP
Maximum Operating speed- 160kmph
Builder: CLW under ToT from Adtranz
Data regarding export of locomotives (Country
wise)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Sudan Myanmar Angola
Locomotives
Export of Rolling Stock (Coaches)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Myanmar South Africa Taiwan
Rolling Stock
The Next Generation E-ticketing
Project Sanctioned in 2013
Developed by IRCTC
Announced in 2013 Rail Budget by Pawan Bansal
Uses the Beta software developed by Germany
Ability to generate 7200 tickets per minute
Estimated cost of the project is 74 crore rupees
Dedicated Freight Corridors
Foundation stone laid in 2009
Expected to be operational by 2016-17
Approx., cost as per khankodkar committee is 2,40,000 core
rupees
Speed of freight trains on this stretch estimated to be
around 100kmph
Two corridors North- South, East to West and diagonals.
Trains will be about 100 cars long
High Speed Corridors
Intended to reduce travel time on some of the
busiest sections
Setting up of High Speed Rail corporation
Company set up in 2012
Subsidiary of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
Routes undergoing feasibility
studyRoute Participating
companies
Total length
Pune- Mumbai- Ahmedabad RITES, Systra (France),
Italferr (Italy)
650 km
Delhi to Patna (via: Agra,
Varanasi, Lucknow)
Mott McDonald (UK) 991 km
Howrah- Haldia Ineco, Prointec, Ayesa
(Spain)
135 km
Hyderabad- Dornakal-
Vijayawada-Chennai
Parsons Brickenhoff
(India)
664 km
Chennai- Bangalore-
Coimbatore- Ernakulum –
Thiruvananthapuram
JARTS (Japan Railway
Technical Service) and
Oriental Consultants
850km
What are the bottlenecks?
Cost of construction
Track alignment
Wheel Design
Need for an elevated corridor
Financial constraints
Land Acquisition
Fencing of the entire corridor
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