INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE

UNITED STATES

As the white population grew, early

American settlers pushed farther west

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

Little Turtle’s War (1787-1795)

2nd Cherokee or

Chickamauga Wars (1776-1795)

Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

The Creek War (1812-1814) Tecumseh’s War (1811)

Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

First Seminole War (1816-1818) Black Hawk’s War (1832)

By the time Andrew

Jackson became

President in 1829:

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

Native Population east of

the Mississippi River =

Approximately 125,000

White Population east of

the Mississippi River =

Approximately 13 Million

In 1830 he promoted

the Indian Removal Act to the U.S. Congress

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

Andrew Jackson saw the Indian

Removal several different ways:

• New Farmlands for White settlers

• Lands for Business Expansion

• Best interest of the Native American

Jackson to the Indians:

“Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to

each other to live in harmony and peace. Your game is gone, and

many of your people will not work and till the earth. . . The land

beyond the Mississippi belongs to the President and no one else,

and he will give it to you forever.”

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

Andrew Jackson signed the

Indian Removal Act:

26 May 1830

• Congress established Indian Territory

(Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland

• The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created

Young Senator John C. Calhoun:

“One of the greatest evils to which they

(Indians) are subject is the incessant

(constant) pressure of our population.”

Many members of

the “Five Civilized

Tribes” tried to stay

on their lands east

of the Mississippi

River.

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

1. Adopted farming

life style

2. Began to receive

formal education

3. Had own written

language

4. Adopted white

traditions

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

The “Five Civilized Tribes” gave up their lands through

over forty different treaties

Chickasaw and Choctaw Lands Cherokee & Creek Lands

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

The “Five Civilized Tribes” gave up their lands through

over forty different treaties

Creek Lands Creek & Seminole Lands

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES

“Trail of Tears”

The “Five Civilized Tribes” were all forced to move from

their native lands to their new homes in “Oklahoma”

Native Tribe Years Forced to Move Died Death Due to

Choctaw 1831-1836 12,500 Approx 3,000 Cholera

Creek 1834-1837 19,600 Approx 3,500 Smallpox/Malaria

Cherokee 1836-1838 20,000 Approx 4,000 Disease/Starvation

Chickasaw 1837-1847 4,500 Approx 700 Cholera/Starvation

Seminole 1832-1842 3,000 Approx 700 Warfare

“… When I past the last detachment of those suffering exiles

and thought that my native countrymen had thus expelled

them from their native soil and their much loved homes, and

that too in this [harsh] season of the year in all their

suffering, I turned from the sight with feelings which

language cannot express and “wept like a child.”

INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES