india's infrastructure

Upload: sachet39

Post on 05-Apr-2018

225 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    1/19

    M_D]DE THRKI \JHRIJ\ EB@LB_ '?>00

    Dkld`)} Dkar`}|rm|rb%

    @ ohhk hr ` o`kb]ogd||bl |h 6 M_D]DE Thki \jhij| Eb`lbr

    ]ogd||bl ot6 ]`mjb| ^`rdl`

    R00>0>=N}|+zdgo+`m+dk

    ^IL'OG ?>0>'?>0? % Z`qdbr Dk}|d||b ha G`k`ibgbk| Ojo`kb}y`r

    0?(02(?>00

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    2/19

    { 0 {

    Lbqbeh~gbk| ha |jb dkar`}|rm|rb d} hkb ha |jb g`fhr |hhe} |h ohh}| |jb bmhkhgdm irhy|j `kl `e}h}brqb} `} ` cbt a`m|hr dk lb|brgdkdki |jb mhg~b|d|dqbkb}} ha ` k`|dhk+ @} `k bmhkhgt Dkld` j`}

    ~rh}~brbl dk |jb ~`}| aby lbm`lb}+ Dkld` }|dee j`} ` e`rib dkar`}|rm|rb lbadmd| `kl |jd} d} ` mrd|dm`e

    mhk}|r`dk| hk hr `oded|t |h `mjdbqb irhy|j r`|b ha 4'0>"+\jd} `e}h rbaebm|} |jb mhk|rt)} mheh}}`e

    kbbl ahr mhk|dkbl dkqb}|gbk| dk |r`k}~hr| dkar`}|rm|rb% bebm|rdmd|t ibkbr`|dki m`~`md|t `kl jh}dki%

    `} ybee `} |jb odel'~ ha dkl}|rd`e m`~`md|t+

    \jb Dkld`k dkar`}|rm|rb }|hrt d} obdki rba`}jdhkbl+ Mhk}|r`dkbl ot irhydki ad}m`e lbadmd|} `kl e`mc

    ha bz~br|d}b |jb dkar`}|rm|rb }brqdmb d} }|b`ldet ghqdki `y`t arhg |jb rb`eg ha ihqbrkgbk| |h |j`|

    ha ~rdq`|b }bm|hr+ Ob d| |bebmhg % rh`l} % ~hr|} `kl ~hybr ~rdq`|b ~e`tbr} `rb ordki dk dkqb}|gbk|} `kl

    h~br`|dki dk ` mhg~b|d|dqb bkqdrhkgbk|% or`dlbl yd|j bmhkhgdm rbie`|dhk}+ \jb ihqbrkgbk| d}

    }~~hr|dki |jd} |r`k}d|dhk ot lbqd}dki dkqb}|hr ardbklet~hedmt}% b}|`oed}jdki rbie`|hr} `kl mrb`|dki

    lbldm`|bl dkar`}|rm|rb akl}+ Jhybqbr dk |jb e`}| |jrbb tb`r} |jb dkar`}|rm|rb irhy|j j`} }ehybl

    lhyk lb |h e`mc ha ~hed|dm`e ydee `kl ~hedmt |rk`rhkl |h cdmc }|`r| |jb dkme}dqb irhy|j g`kl`|b}+

    \jd} ld}}br|`|dhk `||bg~|} |h `llrb}} |yh d}}b rbe`|bl |h ihqbrk`kmb yjdmj m`k dkmrb`}b |jb }mh~b ha

    ~rdq`|b dkqb}|gbk|} dk |jb }bm|hr+ \jb adr}| d}}b lb`e} yd|j |jb ho}|`meb} b+i+ e`kl `mpd}d|dhk%

    ho|`dkdki bkqdrhkgbk|`e meb`r`kmb% eb}} `mmhgghl`|dqb ~oedm `ibkmdb}% yjdmj |jb ~rdq`|b ~e`tbr}

    a`mb dk |jb dg~ebgbk|`|dhk ha |jb ~rhfbm|+ \h `llrb}} |jb}b ~rhoebg} |jb dlb` ha ` }dkieb gdkd}|rt j`}

    obbk bz~hklbl+ \jb }he|dhk haabrbl d} }dg~eb3 jhybqbr `| }hgb ~hdk| |jb ihqbrkgbk| j`} |h |`cb

    ohel kby dkd|d`|dqb} `kl ib| |jb gh|jbr ha `ee ehif`g} ghqdki+ \jb }bmhkl d}}b lb`e} yd|j `mjdbqdki

    dkme}dqb irhy|j ha dkar`}|rm|rb dk |jb }|`|b} ot ~eedki dk ~rdq`|b }bm|hr} |h `llrb}} |jb ``g

    ``lgd mhkmbrk} ha }`l`c `kl ~``kd+ @ ghlbe }dgde`r dk edkb yd|j |jb bebm|rdmd|t ld}|rdo|dhk

    ar`kmjd}bb ghlbe j`} obbk bz~edm`|bl |h bg~hybr |jb REOn} `kl ^_Dn} `kl `e}h |h mrb`|b `k

    bkqdrhkgbk| |h ordki ~rdq`|b dkqb}|gbk|} dk dkar`}|rm|rb obthkl |jb KJ+ Khy |j`| ` kby 2 tb`r

    ~e`k d} obdki ahrge`|bl% |jb |dgb j`} mhgb ahr |jb Ihqbrkgbk| |h |`cb kby% k`|dhk`e `~~rh`mj |h

    ~e`kkdki% akldki `kl dg~ebgbk|dki |jb k`|dhk)} a|rb+

    Bzbm|dqb ]gg`rt

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    3/19

    { ? {

    Mhk|bk|}

    Bzbm|dqb ]gg`rt+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0

    Bzjdod|} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =

    Bmhkhgt kl |jb Dkar`}|rm|rb ]bm|hr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0>0?|j Adqb Tb`r e`k kl D}}b} |h }hr|bl obahrb dg~ebgbk| |dhk+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 00

    Meb`rdki |jb _bl \`~b Fkieb |h g`cb y`t ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 00

    Iehm`ed}`|dhk ha ]|`|bn} Dkar`}|rm|rb \jb odeldki oehmc} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0>9 ~rdmb}$ % ]hrmb

    ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =

    \`oeb < 6 ^rhfbm|bl IMAD *\ybea|j ^e`k$ %]hrmb6 \jb e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk ha Dkld` +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 00$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2

    \`oeb 1 6 ^rhfbm|} dk ldaabrbk| }bm|hr} yd|j \dgb kl Mh}| hqbrrk% ]hrmb *Gh]^D% ?>00$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1\`oeb 9 6 ^brgd}}dhk}% ^rhmblrb} `kl Meb`r`kmb _bpdrbl ahr ]b||dki ~ ` ^hybr ^e`k| % ]hrmb *Mj`||brfbb%

    ?>00$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1

    \`oeb : 6 Mhk|rdb} yd|j }dkieb dkar`}|rm|rb gdkd}|rt `kl YBA _`kcdki} ha P`ed|t ha hqbr`ee dkar`}|rm|rb

    ha |jb mhk|rt% ]hrmb *Yhrel Bmhkhgdm Ahrg% ?>0>$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9

    \`oeb 4 6 _h`l Kb|yhrc dk Dkld` %]hrmb Gh_\j % KJ@D++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :

    \`oeb 0> 6 ]|`|} ha ^^ ~rhfbm|} dk ]|`|b Jdijy`t}% ]hrmb *]bmrb|`rd`| ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb% ?>0>$ ++++++++++++++++++ :

    \`oeb 006 ]|`|b ha Rro`k Dkar`}|rm|rb% ]hrmb *Jdij ^hybrbl Bz~br| Mhggd||bb *J^BM$ ahr Rro`k

    dkar`}|rm|rb }brqdmb}% ?>00$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

    \`oeb 0? 6 ]|`|} ha dg~ebgbk| |dhk ha |jb 9>4$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4

    Adirb 0 6 \jrbb ~j`}b ha Dkar`}|rm|rb irhy|j dk |jb e`}| lbm`lb% ]hrmb _OD +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    4/19

    { = {

    Bzjdod|}

    \`oeb ? 6 Hqbrqdby ha ^jt}dm`e Dkar`}|rm|rb% ]hrmb *Yhrel Lbqbeh~gbk| Dkldm`|hr}% ?>00$

    Kh| Lhdki Ybee

    ]bm|hr} Hrdidk`e ^rhfbm|dhk _bqd}bl ^rhfbm|dhk} Lbmedkb *"$

    ]|hr`ib ??%=9: :%441 24+4=

    ^hr|} *dkme+ Dke`kl

    Y`|bry`t}$ :9%442 %1: ?>>%:>? ?=+=

    Y`|br ]~~et `kl ]`kd|`|dhk 0 000%1:4 ??+?4

    _h`l `kl Ordlib} =00 ? 0+0:

    ^brahrgdki Ybee

    ]bm|hr} Hrdidk`e ^rhfbm|dhk _bqd}bl ^rhfbm|dhk} Dkmrb`}b *"$

    I`} ^d~bedkb} 01%:22+>> 0?9%=>1+>> 122+=

    \bebmhggkdm`|dhk ?2:%> = ==+2%41:+>> =1%0=:+>> 01+14

    \`oeb = 6 Dkqb}|gbk| dk Dkar`}|rm|rb lrdki 00|j Adqb Tb`r ^e`k *_} Mrhrb `| ?>>1'>9 ~rdmb}$ % ]hrmb ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk

    ThT*"$ IL^@irdme|rb

    *Irhy|j _`|b$

    Dkl}|rt

    *Irhy|j _`|b$

    ]brqdmb}

    *Dkmeldki Mhk}|rm|dhk% *Irhy|j _`|b$

    Mhk}|rm|dhk

    *Irhy|j _`|b$

    IMAD

    *Irhy|j _`|b$

    AT>1 4+2?" 2+0" 4+?2" 0>+=1" 0>+94 1+91" '>+02" =+41" 4+2+>> cg$ 1?+9

    _h`l ebki|j *gdeedhk cg$ ?+=2 =+=? =+4=

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    5/19

    { < {

    Adirb 0 6 \jrbb ~j`}b ha Dkar`}|rm|rb irhy|j dk |jb e`}| lbm`lb% ]hrmb _OD

    Adirb ? 6 Ldaabrbk| adk`kmd`e dkldm`|hr} ha ^rdq`|b ed}|bl dkar`}|rm|rb mhg~`kdb} lrdki |jb |jrbb ~j`}b} % ]hrmb MGDB^rhyb}} L`|`o`}b

    '>+2>

    >+>>

    >+2>

    0+>>

    0+2>

    ?+>>

    ?+2>

    =+>>

    '2+>>"

    >+>>"

    2+>>"

    0>+>>"

    02+>>"

    ?>+>>"

    ?2+>>"

    ?>>?'>= ?>>='>< ?>>1& ?>>1'>9& ?>>9'>:& ?>>:'>4& ?>>40>&

    *B$

    ?>0>00&

    *B$

    Irhy|j dk rb`e IL^ `kl IMAD *`| mhk}|`k| ~rdmb}$ `kl ge|d~edbr

    Irhy|j r`|b ha IMAD _b`eIL^irhy|j*"$ IMAD (IL^ge|d~edbr*z%_J]$

    '1+>>

    '>

    '?+>>

    >+>>

    ?+>>

    >

    1+>>

    :+>>

    0>+>>

    0?+>> @qbr`ib _H@ ! _HB ha |jb ]bm|hr

    _H@

    _HB

    >+>>

    0>+>>

    ?>+>>

    =>+>>

    +>>

    2>+>>

    1>+>>

    9>+>> ]bm|hr} @qbr`ib ^B `kl B^]

    ^B hk O]B

    B^]

    \`oeb < 6 ^rhfbm|bl IMAD *\ybea|j ^e`k$ %]hrmb6 \jb ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk ha Dkld`

    ?>00B'0?B ?>0?B'0=B ?>0=B'0001B'09B

    IL^ `| g`rcb| ~rdmb} 1=%: :4%1>1 49%190_`|b ha irhy|j ha IL^*"$ 4 4 4 4 4 4

    IMAD } " ha IL^ 4 4+?2 4+2 4+92 0> 0>+?2

    IMA dk dkar`}|rm|rb 2%90= 1%> 9%012 :%>02 :%410 0>%>00

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    6/19

    { 2 {

    Ghk|j ^rhfbm| @~~rhqbl ot M`odkb| Mhggd||bb hk Dkar`}|rm|rb

    Khq'0>^rhfbm| ahr |yh e`kdki yd|j(yd|jh| ~`qbl }jhelbr} ha \dkldq`k`gCrd}jk`idrd }bm|dhk ha KJ'11 klbr KJL^^j`}b'DDD dk \`gde K`l

    Lbqbeh~gbk| ha B`}| P`t 0 *BP0$ obr|j ot rb~e`mdki |jb bzd}|dki BP0 obr|j `kl ~`r| ha BP? obr|j ahr j`kledki]|b`g Mh`e dk |jb dkkbr j`rohr ha Qd}`cj`~`|k`g ^hr| hk Lb}dik% Odel% Adk`kmb% H~br`|b `kl \r`k}abr*LOAH\$

    @~~rhq`e ahr R~ir`l`|dhk ha rh`l arhg Qdf`t`y`l` |h _`kmjd

    Lbm'0>^rhfbm| ha }dz e`kdki ha O`ry` @ll` ' ^`k`i`rj ]bm|dhk ha KJ'? dk |jb ]|`|b} ha Fj`rcj`kl `kl Yb}| Obki`e klbrKJL^ ^j`}b Q

    ^rhfbm| ha ahr e`kdki ha O`r`}`| ' Crd}jk`i`r ]bm|dhk ha KJ'=< dk |jb ]|`|b ha Yb}| Obki`e klbr KJL^ ^j`}b DDD

    ^rhfbm| ha |yh e`kdki yd|j ~`qbl }jhelbr} ha @go`e`'C`d|j`e }bm|dhk ha KJ'12 dk |jb ]|`|b ha J`rt`k` klbrKJL^ j`}b DDD

    F`k'00

    Mhk|dk`|dhk ha |jb ]mjbgb} ha Mhk}brq`|dhk `kl ]`ab|t dk Mh`e Gdkb} `kl Lbqbeh~gbk| ha \r`k}~hr|`|dhk

    Dkar`}|rm|rb dk Mh`eadbel @rb`} ~~rhqbl

    Abo'00 ]b||dki ~ ha |jb khk'e`~}`oeb akl ahr bz~bld|dh} mhg~eb|dhk ha )K`|dhk`e rhfbm|}) dk |jb Khr|j B }|

    G`r'00

    @~r'00 Ahr E kdki ha K`i~r ' Y`dki`ki` Ordlib }bm|dhk hk KJ'1 dk G j`r`}j|r`

    ]mjbgb ahr K`|dhk`e _heeh| ha b'Ld}|rdm| Gd}}dhk Ghlb ^rhfbm|

    Ahr E`kdki ha Ob`y`r'^`ed'^dkly`r` ]bm|dhk ha KJ'0< dk _`f`}|j`k

    Ahr E`kdki ha Ch|`'\bbklj`r *Fj`e`y`r$ ]bm|dhk ha K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t KJ'0? dk _`f`}|j`k

    ]dz E`kdki ha @jgbl`o`l ' Q`lhl`r` ]bm|dhk ha K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t KJ': dk If`r`|

    G`t'00Dk}|`ee`|dhk ha 0>>> GY edikd|b o`}bl Kby \jbrg`e ^hybr ^rhfbm| `| Kbtqbed dk Mll`ehrb Ld}|rdm| ha \`gde K`lot G(}+ Kbtqbed Edikd|b Mhr~hr`|dhk E|l

    Lbqbeh~dki ` Lrt oec \brgdk`e haa \bcr` Kb`r \k`% hk OH\ o`}d} `| C`kle` ^hr| \r}|

    Fk'00 Ahr e`kdki ha F o`e~r' E cj`k`klhkb }bm|dhk ha KJ 9 dk G`ljt` r`lb}j

    Ahr E`kdki ha ^`kdchded_dged ]bm|dhk ha K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t KJ ?02 dk Hrd}}`

    Ydlbkdki ha rh`l |h ?'e`kb K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t }|`kl`rl} arhg ^h|dk |h ^`kidk hk OH\ *@kkd|t $ o`}d}

    Ydlbkdki ha bzd}|dki rh`l |h |yh e`kb K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t ]|`kl`rl} arhg Kbmjd~ |h Jhf dk @rk`mj`e ^r`lb}j

    Fe'00 Ahr E`kdki ha Mjj`||d}i`rj(Hrd}} Ohrlbr@r`ki }bm|dhk hk KJ'1 dk Mjj`||d}i`rj

    Ahr E`kdki ha Y`e`t`r ' Q`l`cc`kmjbrrt }bm|dhk hk KJ'00$

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    7/19

    { 1 {

    Kh+ ha~rhfbm|

    ^rhfbm|} yd|jmh}| hqbrrk

    ^rhfbm|} yd|j|dgb hqbrrk

    ^rhfbm|} yd|j |dgb ! mh}|hqbrrk

    Kh+" Dkmrb`}bo`}b Kh+

    _`kib*Ghk|j}$

    Kh+

    " Dkmrb`}bo`}b

    _`kib*Ghk|j}$

    @|hgdm Bkbrit < ? ?4" < 1'=" 01 ' >" = 9'09 > >+>>" >Mh`e >+>>" > ' >

    Gdkb} 0 > >" 0 2'2 0 9+2:" => '=>

    ]|bbe 02 1 1>" < 09'=1 ? 1?+2:" ?2'=1

    ^b|rhebg 99 < 9:" ?0 0'=2 02 1:+1:" = '0?>

    ^hybr :4 4 ==" 1 0> =2+4>" 04 '4>

    ]jd~~dki ! ^hr|} ?9 : :" 0= ?'9? 9 ?4+=:" 1 '9?\bebmhggkdm`|dhk} ' >

    Rro`k Lbqbeh~gbk| = = 0>?" = 0?'?0 ? 0>?+" 0? ' 02

    Y`|br _b}hrmb} 0 0 004" 0 1>'1> 0 00:+1

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    8/19

    { 9 {

    Mhk|rdb}

    YBA_`kcdki} hkdkar`}|rm|rb K`gb ha \jb ]dkieb Dkar`}|rm|rb Gdkd}|rt

    ]yd|vbre`kl 0Ablbr`e Lb~`r|gbk| ha Bkqdrhkgbk|% \r`k}~hr|% Bkbrit `klMhggkdm`|dhk}

    ]dki`~hrb = Gdkd}|rt ha K`|dhk`e Lbqbeh~gbk|

    Ar`kmb +21"

    ?2: 0>:%2>: ?>%2?> =+

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    10/19

    { 4 {

    ]|`|b ha Rro`k Y`|br ]brqdmb Lbedqbrt

    1< ~br mbk| ha ro`k ~h~e`|dhk d} mhqbrbl ot dkldqdl`e mhkkbm|dhk} `kl }|`kl~h}|} dk Dkld`% mhg~`rbl yd|j40 ~br mbk| dk Mjdk`% :1 ~br mbk| dk ]h|j @ardm`% `kl :> ~br mbk| dk Or`vde

    Lr`|dhk ha y`|br }~~et dk Dkld`k md|db} r`kib} arhg 0 jhr |h 1 jhr}% mhg~`rbl yd|j ?< jhr} dk Or`vde `klMjdk` `kl ?? jhr} dk Qdb|k`g

    ^br m`~d|` }~~et ha y`|br dk Dkld`k md|db} r`kib} arhg =9 e~ml |h ?4: e~ml ahr ` edgd|bl lr`|dhk% yjdeb ^`rd}}~~edb} 02> e~ml mhk|dkh}et `kl Gbzdmh 090 e~ml ahr ?0 jhr} ` l`t

    ]|`|b ha Rro`k ]bybr`ib `kl ]`kd|`|dhk

    ~br mbk| ha jh}bjhel} dk md|db} edcb O`ki`ehrb `kl Jtlbr`o`l lh kh| j`qb }bybr`ib mhkkbm|dhk}

    @oh| 0: ~br mbk| ha ro`k jh}bjhel} lh kh| j`qb `mmb}} |h `kt ahrg ha e`|rdkb a`mded|t `kl lbabm`|b dk |jbh~bk

    ]|`|b ha ]hedl Y`}|b G`k`ibgbk|

    Y`}|b mheebm|dhk mhqbr`ib r`kib} arhg 9> ~br mbk| |h 4> ~br mbk| dk g`fhr gb|rh~hed|`k md|db}% `kl d} eb}} |j`k2> ~br mbk| dk }g`eebr md|db} % Y`}|b mheebm|dhk dk Ckgdki *Mjdk`$ d} 0>> ~br mbk|% dk Obeh Jhrdvhk|b

    *Or`vde$ 42 ~br mbk|% `kl dk Pbvhk Md|t *|jb ^jded~~dkb}$ 44 ~br mbk|Eb}} |j`k => ~br mbk| ha |jb }hedl y`}|b d} }birbi`|bl

    ]mdbk|dadm ld}~h}`e ha y`}|b d} `egh}| kbqbr ~r`m|d}bl

    ]|`|b ha Rro`k \r`k}~hr| `kl _h`l}

    ^oedm |r`k}~hr| mmhk|} ahr hket ?? ~br mbk| ha ro`k |r`k}~hr| dk Dkld`% mhg~`rbl yd|j >0_h`l lbk}d|t *cg ~br }p+ cg$ d} 4+? dk ]dki`~hrb% 4+9 dk Mrd|do`% ?0+: dk ]bhe% 0> dk Fhj`kkb}ori% =+: dkMjbkk`d% `kl 04+? dk Kby Lbejd

    \`oeb 006 ]|`|b ha Rro`k Dkar`}|rm|rb% ]hrmb *Jdij ^hybrbl Bz~br| Mhggd||bb *J^BM$ ahr Rro`k dkar`}|rm|rb }brqdmb}% ?>00$

    @rb` Obkbad|dki Rro`k ^h~e`|dhk

    Mhk}|d||dhk ha ehm`e ohldb} 0>>"

    _b}brq`|dhk ha }b`|} 0>>"

    _bie`r mhklm| ha bebm|dhk} 49"

    ]b||dki ~ Y`rl Mhggd||bb} 1>"

    ]b||dki ~ Ld}|rdm| ^e`kkdki Mhggd||bb} ::"

    ]b||dki ~ Gb|rh~hed|`k ^e`kkdki Mhggd||bb} =?"

    \r`k}abr ha 0?|j }mjbleb akm|dhk} 24"

    \r`k}abr ha ro`k ~e`kkdki 29"

    \r`k}abr ha y`|br }~~et 10"

    Mhk}|d||dki ]|`|b Adk`kmb Mhggd}}dhk} 0>>"

    \`oeb 0? 6 ]|`|} ha dg~ebgbk|`|dhk ha |jb 9>4$

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    11/19

    { 0> {

    Bmhkhgt `kl |jb Dkar`}|rm|rb ]bm|hr

    Dkld` j`} mhgb ` ehki y`t arhg obdki `k `ir`rd`k bmhkhgt `kl Jdkl irhy|j r`|b adirb} |h j`qb `

    IL^ ha _} %4=< cg ha jdijy`t mhg~`rbl |h =0%9>> cg ?> tb`r} `ih `kl dk ~hybr yb

    m`k bz~bm| rbmhrl ibkbr`|dhk% d| d} `egh}| bz~bm|bl |h lhoeb arhg |jb mrrbk| 099 idi`y`|| |h =>>

    idi`y`|| ot ?>02 *@ }k`~}jh| d} idqbk dk \`oeb ?$ + O`}bl hk IL^ irhy|j `kl IMAD irhy|j |jb

    dkl}|rt dk |jb e`}| lbm`lb m`k ob }birbi`|bl dk|h |jrbb ~j`}b *Adirb 0$+

    ^j`}b 0 *AT>? AT>2$6 \jd} y`} |jb }|`rdki ~j`}b ha |jb \bk|j Adqb'Tb`r ^e`k+ \jb KL@

    ihqbrkgbk| i`qb g`}}dqb dg~b|} |h |jb K`|dhk`e Jdijy`t Lbqbeh~gbk| ^rhir`ggb % dk|rhlmbl

    `m|n} edcb Kby \bebmhg ^hedmt*K\^ 44$ `kl Bebm|rdmd|t @m| ?>>= |h ordki dk jib dkqb}|gbk| `kl

    lbqbeh~gbk| ha |jb dkar`}|rm|rb+ Dk Dkld`% IMA dk dkar`}|rm|rb k|de |jb bkl ha |jb 0>|j ^e`k y`}

    b}|dg`|bl `|

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    12/19

    { 00 {

    }jhr|a`ee ha 2 ~br mbk| dk dkqb}|gbk| |`rib|} ahr |jb dkar`}|rm|rb }bm|hr lrdki |jb 00|j Adqb'Tb`r

    ^e`k *\`oeb =$+ @mmhrldki |h b}|dg`|b} ha ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk IMAD d} bz~bm|bl |h }m`eb |h :+=9"

    ha IL^ ot ?>0?% tdbeldki `k `qbr`ib IMAD `| 9+1" ha IL^ ahr |jb bk|drb ~brdhl ha |jb 00 |j Adqb

    Tb`r ^e`k+

    @ }dgde`r ~j`}b yd}b |rbkl `rd}b} hk `k `k`et}d} ha |jb adk`kmd`e dkldm`|hr} ha ~rdq`|b }bm|hr

    mhg~`kdb} bki`ibl dk |jb o}dkb}} ha dkar`}|rm|rb mhk}|rm|dhk *\`oeb < 6 ^rhfbm|bl IMAD *\ybea|j

    ^e`k$ %]hrmb6 \jb ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk ha Dkld`

    Adirb ?$+ Yd|j |jb b}|dg`|bl IMAD irhy|j rbg`dkdki obehy |jb ?>>2'>1 ebqbe |jb dkar`}|rm|rb dk

    |jb mhk|rt d} dk |jb ~rhmb}} ha mhk}hedl`|dhk ~j`}b+ \jb ihqbrkgbk| kbbl} |h `k`etvb yj`| j`} ihkb

    yrhki+ Kby dlb`} `rb aehydki dk a`}| `kl ardh}et +Yjdeb dg~ebgbk|dki |jb dlb`} ihqbrkgbk|

    }jhel cbb~ dk gdkl |jb 0?|j ~e`k |jbgb ha A`}|br% ]}|`dk`oeb `kl Ghrb Dkme}dqb Irhy|j+ \h

    `mjdbqb ~rbqdh} irhy|j ebqbe} ` eh| lb~bkl} ~hk |jb ihqbrkgbk| |h lbedqbr hk |jb 0? |j ^e`k+

    0?|j Adqb Tb`r ^e`k `kl D}}b} |h }hr|bl obahrb dg~ebgbk|`|dhk+

    Da hkb ybrb |h ih ot |jb b}|dg`|b} ahr |jb 0?|j 2 tb`r ~e`k ot ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk |jb IL^ irhy|j

    d} edcbet |h ob dk jdij |r`fbm|hrt ha :'0>" *\`oeb 0?B'0=B ?>0=B'0001B'09B

    IL^ `| g`rcb| ~rdmb} 1=%: :4%1>1 49%190

    _`|b ha irhy|j ha IL^*"$ 4 4 4 4 4 4

    IMAD } " ha IL^ 4 4+?2 4+2 4+92 0> 0>+?2

    IMA dk dkar`}|rm|rb 2%90= 1%> 9%012 :%>02 :%410 0>%>00

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    13/19

    { 0? {

    Lr`a| % ^M% ?>00$+ Dk |jb kbz| }bm|dhk} }hgb `~~rh`mjb} j`qb obbk jdijedij|bl |h `llrb}} }hgb ha

    |jb}b d}}b}+

    Meb`rdki |jb _bl \`~b Fkieb |h g`cb y`t ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb

    Da hkb j`} |h ih ot |jb ~e`kkdki mhggd}}dhkn} kgobr |jb ^^^ dkqb}|gbk|} *`}}gdki ^^^ }|`kl} `}

    ` }rrhi`|b ahr ~rdq`|b m`~d|`e dkaehy}$ `rb b}|dg`|bl |h `mmhk| ahr ` ed||eb hqbr =>+>" ha |h|`e

    dkqb}|gbk| dk dkar`}|rm|rb dk |jb Bebqbk|j ^e`k + ]h kgobr ha ^^^ ahr 00|j ~e`k ~brdhl }jhel ob |h

    |jb |kb ha _} 101%?10mrhrb+ Jhybqbr% Dkld` j`} mrrbk|et 0%>09 ^^^ ~rhfbm|} `mmhk|dki ahr `k

    dkqb}|gbk| ha _}+ = mrhrb *0?|j ^e`k Lr`a| % ^M% ?>00$+ @}}gdki |j`| |jd} d} rb`eet `kl yjheet

    |rb% kb`ret `| |jb bkl ha |jb ~e`k yb `rb f}| :>" ha yj`| d} rbpdrbl+ Mhgdki |h kby ~rhfbm|

    mrb`|dhk% h| ha |jb 0>1 m`}b} mhk}dlbrbl ot |jb M`odkb| Mhggd||bb hk Dkar`}|rm|rb *MMD$ dk ?>0>%

    21 ybrb `~~rhqbl+ Dk ?>>4% =< h| ha |jb `~~rhqbl m`}b} *\`oeb 2$+ Ghqdki |h |jb }|`|} ha |jb bzd}|dki

    ~rhfbm|% 24> mbk|r`e }bm|hr ~rhfbm|}% |h|`edki _} 9+92 e`cj mrhrb% ybrb obdki ghkd|hrbl dk |jb p`r|br

    ha @~rdeFkb ?>00+ \jb `~~rhqbl mhg~eb|dhk }mjbleb} hr `k|dmd~`|bl l`|b ha mhg~eb|dhk lh

    kh| bzd}| ahr ?:= ~rhfbm| +@a|br `mmhk|dki ahr ?:= ~rhfbm|} yjdmj `rb lbe`tbl *\`oeb 1$ `kl 4

    ~rhfbm|} yjdmj `rb rkkdki `jb`l ha }mjbleb % |jbrb `rb hket 0=: ~rhfbm|} *?< " $ eba| yjdmj `rb

    jh~baeet rkkdki hk |dgb + *Gh]^D% ?>00$+

    \jb `ohqb ~hdk| }g} ~ |jb a`derb ha |jb Ihqbrkgbk| `} ` ~rhfbm| mrb`|hr `kl dg~ebgbk|br+

    Dkar`}|rm|rb ~rhfbm|} obdki ibkbr`eet ghkh~hed}|dm `kl dk |jb ~oedm lhg`dk |jb ~rdq`|b }bm|hr

    m`kkh| mrb`|b ~rhfbm|}3 d| m`k hket odl ahr |jbg+ \jb ihqbrkgbk| j`} |h ~e`t |jb rheb ha ` qd}dhk`rt

    bk|rb~rbkbr `kl j`} |h ob ` ~rhfbm| mrb`|hr+ D| m`kkh| }d| o`mc `kl rbe`z `a|br mrb`|dki dkqb}|hr

    ardbklet ~hedmdb}+

    @ rb}b`rmj ~`~br *]dkij% ?>0>$ yjdmj `k`etvbl |jb g`fhr m`}b} ha ~rhfbm| lbe`t}% rbqb`ebl |j`|

    baabm| ha eb`rkdki `kl dkkhq`|dhk} hk rblmdki mh}| hqbrrk j`} lbmedkbl hqbr |dgb% }bmhkl |j`| lb|h dg~brabm| |bmjkdpb} `kl mhk|r`m|`e dkmhg~eb|bkb}} }hgb lbe`t} `kl mh}| hqbrrk} `rb dkbqd|`oeb%

    jhybqbr |jb g`fhr m`}b ha lbe`t} `rb hri`kdv`|dhk`e a`derb} yjdmj `e}h arbpbk|et |rdiibr} tb|

    `kh|jbr ahrg ha mhk|r`m|`e a`derb+ Bz~`kldki |jb ~hdk| ar|jbr% Ihqbrkgbk| lb~`r|gbk|} obdki

    jdbr`rmjdm`e `rb dkjbrbk|et yb`c dk dklmdki |jb lb}drbl baahr|} arhg |jb ~bh~eb dkqheqbl% yjdmj

    rb}e|} dk hri`kdv`|dhk`e a`derb} yd|jdk |jb }~hk}hrdki gdkd}|rt d|}bea+ Dk `lld|dhk |h |jd}% ldaabrbk|

    lb~`r|gbk|} `rb rb}~hk}doeb ahr ldaabrbk| ~rhfbm| `m|dqd|db} yjdmj g`cb ~rhfbm|} qekbr`oeb |h dk|br'

    hri`kdv`|dhk a`derb}+ Ahr bz`g~eb% |h }b|~ ` ~hybr ~rhfbm| dk Dkld` rbpdrb} 21 hll ~brgd}}dhk}

    *Mj`||brfbb% ?>00$ % yjdmj d} idqbk ot ydlb }~bm|rg ha `|jhrd|db} ha |jb ihqbrkgbk| *\`oeb 9$+

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    14/19

    { 0= {

    ]mmb}}ae bzbm|dhk ha dkar`}|rm|rb ~rhfbm| d} jdijet lb~bklbk| hk fhdk| `kl |dgbet baahr|} ha |jb

    lb~`r|gbk|} dkqheqbl+

    \h adkl ` }he|dhk yb kbbl |h ehhc `| |jb ihqbrkgbk|} ha F`~`k% Ar`kmb% Kb|jbre`kl}% D|`et `kl bqbk

    \`kv`kd`+ \jb}b mhk|rdb} j`qb gbribl q`rdh} dkar`}|rm|rb gdkd}|rdb} |h hkb }dkieb gdkd}|rt

    *\`oeb :$+ \jb h~br`|dki ~jdeh}h~jt d} |h g`cb dkar`}|rm|rb j`~~bk yd|jdk ` meb`r |dgb ohkl

    g`kkbr yd|j hkb }dkieb dk}|d||dhk dk |jb ihqbrkgbk| |`cdki aee rb}~hk}doded|t ha ~rhfbm| mrb`|dki%

    ghkd|hrdki `kl idqdki meb`r`kmb}+ \jb mhkmb~| ha MMD }jhel ob lhkb `y`t yd|j `kl ` aee }m`eb

    gdkd}|rt }jhel ob m`rqbl h| arhg ]bmrb|`rd`| ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb+ Da |jb ~hed|dm`e }mbk`rdh ha |jb

    mhk|rt lhb} kh| ~brgd| |jb mrb`|dhk ha ` }dkieb gdkd}|rt g`tob |jb ihqbrkgbk| }jhel `lh~| |jb

    ghlbe ha ]yblbk yjbrb |jb gdkd}|rt j`} |jrbb gdk}|br} ahr ldaabrbk| dkar`}|rm|rb }bm|hr} dk ` }dkieb

    gdkd}|rt `kl yjh `rb `}}d}|bl ot ` mhgghk ebi`e% ~e`kkdki% `lgdkd}|r`|dhk% rb}b`rmj `kl `k`et}d}

    `kl olib| ldqd}dhk *Adirb =$+ Jhybqbr dlb`eet yb }jhel j`qb ` }dkieb gdkd}|br ha dkar`}|rm|rb

    yjh j`} ~`}| rbmhrl} `} ` lhbr `kl yjh }jhel ob `oeb |h lrdqb |jb orb`mr`mt |h ~brahrg+ Jb

    }jhel ob }~~hr|bl ot ` }bmrb|`rt yjh klbr}|`kl} |jb dkar`}|rm|rb `kl yhel j`qb yhrcbl dk |jb

    gdkd}|rdb} ha ~hr|}% `dr~hr|}% jdijy`t}% ~hybr `kl bqbk r`dey`t}+ \jb orb`mr`|} dk |jb gdkd}|rt

    }jhel ob lhbr} `kl ~br}hk} yd|j `k dg~bmm`oeb }brqdmb rbmhrl+ Da kbmb}}`rt% m`kldl`|b} mhel ob

    rbmrd|bl arhg |jb g`rcb|+

    \jb rheb ha }mj `k gdkd}|rt yhel ob |h }b| ldrbm|dhk}% mrb`|b ` ~rhfbm| ~d~bedkb% `kl `e}h lr`a| `kl

    dg~rhqb ~hedmdb} ahr ~rhfbm|} |j`| a`ee yd|jdk |jb }mh~b ha ~hr|}% `dr~hr|}% jdijy`t} `kl ~hybr+

    \jrhij d|} q`rdh} }~~hr| `ibkmdb} d| }jhel bk}rb dk|br'}bm|hrd`e mhhrldk`|dhk ahr meb`r`kmb+ Dk

    a`m| |jb gdkd}|rt }jhel ob idqbk ~hybr |h `m| `} ` }dkieb ydklhy `kl ~rhqdlb meb`r`kmb ahr mrd|dm`e

    ~rhfbm|} ha k`|dhk`e dg~hr|`kmb edcb |jb Lbejd Gb|rh% I`ki` Bz~rb}}y`t +\jb gdkd}|rt }jhel j`qb

    }b~`r`|b `ibkmdb} ahr ~rhfbm| ghkd|hrdki% ~r}dki `kl ghkd|hrdki dkqb}|gbk|} dk dkar`}|rm|rb+ \jbrb

    }jhel `e}h ob `k `ibkmt lbldm`|bl |h dg~rhqb |jb ~hedmdb} yd|j rb}~bm| |h ^^^n} ot bkmhr`idki

    eb`rkdki `kl dkkhq`|dhk}+ \jb yhrc ha |jb gdkd}|rt }jhel ob rbqdbybl ot |jb ^rdgb gdk}|br `kl

    ybbcet ~l`|b} r`|jbr |j`k p`r|bret `kl `kk`eet }jhel ob g`lb `q`de`oeb |h |jb k`|dhk+

    \jb dg~hr|`k| d}}b} |j`| |jd} gdkd}|rt }jhel mhkmbk|r`|b khy `rb g`cdki |jb ~rhmb}}b} dk |jb }bm|hr

    ghrb |r`k}~`rbk|% `llrb}} |jb i`~} dk adk`kmdki `kl h|edkb |jb rheb ha ihqbrkgbk| dk |jb ~rhmb}} ha

    e`kl ~rhmrbgbk|}+ \jb gdkd}|rt }jhel |`cb }|b~} |h b}|`oed}j g`kl`|hrt rbie`|hrt ohldb} ahr

    ldaabrbk| dkar`}|rm|rb }bm|hr}% `| mbk|r`e `kl }|`|b ebqbe% lb~bkldki ~hk |jb g`|rd|t hr |jb kbbl}

    ha |jb }bm|hr+ D| }jhel mhgb h| yd|j ` k`|dhk`e ebqbe ar`gbyhrc ahr rbie`|hr} yjdmj ydee odkl ~hk

    |jb mbk|br `kl |jb }|`|b} |h bk}rb rbie`|hrt `|hkhgt% bg~hybrgbk|% `mmhk|`oded|t `kl

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    15/19

    { 0< {

    |r`k}~`rbkmt+ \h bk}rb a`dr `kl baadmdbk| ld}~|b rb}he|dhk `rd}dki arhg `~~b`e} arhg q`rdh} }bm|hr

    rbie`|hr} |jb gdkd}|rt }jhel |`cb }|b~} |h b}|`oed}j ` p`}d'fldmd`e Mbk|r`e @~~bee`|b

    \rdok`e +\h jb`r |jb mhk}gbr} mhg~e`dk|} ~rh~br Dkar`}|rm|rb Hgol}g`k }jhel ob

    b}|`oed}jbl+ \jb Ihqbrkgbk| j`} `erb`lt mhgb h| yd|j ` lr`a| ~hedmt hk ^^^% `kl |jb gdkd}|rt

    `ehki yd|j |jb rbie`|hr} }jhel bk}rb |j`| |jb ~rdq`|b h~br`|hr} `rb ld}mj`ridki |jbdr

    rb}~hk}doded|db} `} ~br |jb mhkmb}}dhk `irbbgbk|% d| }jhel }b| |jb }|`kl`rl} ahr q`rdh} ~rhfbm|}%

    `eehm`|b |jb rd}c} `kl `e}h dlbk|dat |jb |brgdk`|dhk gbmj`kd}g}+ \jb ihqbrkgbk| }jhel ~`}} |jb odee

    yjdmj ydee ordki |jb ^^^n} klbr M@In} }|`||hrt `ld| % |jb gdkd}|rt }jhel g`dk|`dk ` l`|`o`}b ha

    |jb ~rb'odl `kl ~h}| mhg~eb|dhk mrbld| r`|dki} ha |jb ~rhfbm|} +D| }jhel ob |jb }dkieb bk|d|t yjdmj

    }jhel ob rb}~hk}doeb ahr `k}ybrdki `kt _\D pbrdb} r`d}bl ahr ` ~rhfbm|+ \jb gdkd}|rt }jhel `e}h

    |`cb }|b~} dk dkmrb`}dki |jb ydl|j `kl lb~|j ahr dkar`}|rm|rb adk`kmdki `kl bz~ehrb rheb ha

    }bmrd|dv`|dhk dk dkar`}|rm|rb adk`kmdki+ @}}gdki |j`| |jb E`kl @mpd}d|dhk% _b}b||ebgbk| `kl

    _bj`oded|`|dhk odee ib| ~`}}bl `} d| d} mrrbk|et% |jb gdkd}|rt }jhel rblbadkb |jb e`kl} ahr ~oedm

    ~r~h}b `kl `m| `} ` e`kl o`kc |h ~rhqdlb e`kl% yd|j |jb mh}| `mmhk|bl ahr % |h ^^^ ~e`tbr} odeldki

    o} |brgdk`e}% }~hr|} }|`ld` `kl jh}~d|`e *Mj`||brfbb% ?>00$+

    Iehm`ed}`|dhk ha ]|`|bn} Dkar`}|rm|rb \jb odeldki oehmc}

    \jb ebki|j mhqbrbl ot ^^^ ~rhfbm|} *yd|j }|`|} mhg~eb|bl% dg~ebgbk|`|dhk `kl ~rhfbm| dk odl$ ahr

    |jb }|`|b jdijy`t} `kl g`fhr ld}|rdm| rh`l}% yjdmj mhk}|d||b `rhkl 0: ~br mbk| ha |jb mhk|rt)} |h|`e

    rh`l kb|yhrc% `kl j`kledki kb`ret `rhkl ~br mbk| ha |jb |h|`e rh`l |r`aadm% d} f}| ?+2" ha |jb

    |h|`e }|`|b jdijy`t} kb|yhrc*\`oeb 4% \`oeb 0>$+ \jb}b rh`l} mhk|rdo|b }dikdadm`k|et |h |jb bmhkhgt

    ha gdl'}dvbl |hyk} `kl rr`e `rb`} `kl |h |jb mhk|rt)} dkl}|rd`e lbqbeh~gbk| ot bk`oedki

    ghqbgbk| ha dkl}|rd`e r`y g`|brd`e} `kl ~rhlm|} arhg `kl |h |jb jdk|bre`kl+ Bqbk |jhij

    }dikdadm`k| bz~bkld|rb j`} |`cbk ~e`mb |jbrb d} kh ~rh~br ar`gbyhrc |jb }|`|b} aheehy+ \jb }|`|b}

    ibkbr`eet j`qb ` dg~ebgbk|dki `ibkmdb} |h dlbk|dat% lbqbeh~ `kl bzbm|b ~rhfbm|}% ^^^ Mbee yjdmj

    ~rhqdlb} `ee j`kl'jheldki }~~hr| `kl `k Mhggd||bb hk Dkar`}|rm|rb jb`lbl ot Mjdba ]bmrb|`rt |h`~~rhqb ^^^ ~rhfbm|} +\jb d}}b} dk ihqbrk`kmb ybrb bz~h}bl `a|br |jb I`ki` Bz~rb}}y`t ~rhfbm|

    r`k dk|h ` }brdb} ha e`kl `mpd}d|dhk `kl bkqdrhkgbk|`e d}}b} +Dk |jd} m`}b |h `||r`m| dkqb}|gbk|} |jb

    }|`|b ihqbrkgbk| bqbk j`l ~rhqdlbl dkmbk|dqb} edcb eb`}dki e`kl ahr mhggbrmd`e lbqbeh~gbk|+ Dk

    rr`e rh`l dkar`}|rm|rb klbr ^GI]T mhggbkl`oeb yhrc j`} obbk lhkb dk ~`}| aby tb`r}%

    jhybqbr |jbrb `rb d}}b} ha h~br`|dhk `kl g`dk|bk`kmb ha |jb `}}b|} mrb`|bl yjdmj `rb kh| ~rhqdlbl

    dk |jb }mjbgb `kl `e}h |jbrb `rb m`}b} ha mhrr~|dhk `kl eb`c`ib}+

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    16/19

    { 02 {

    Dk |jb m`}b ha lbqbeh~dki ro`k dkar`}|rm|rb% bqbk `a|br |jb 9< |j `gbklgbk| `kl FKR_G }mjbgb}

    }|`|b ha ro`k }brqdmb lbedqbrt dk Dkld`} md|db} `kl |hyk} d} a`r ~hhrbr |j`k d} lb}dr`oeb ahr Dkld`}

    mrrbk| dkmhgb ebqbe} *\`oeb 00$+ \jb hkb rb`}hk d} |jb a`derb ha aee }m`eb dg~ebgbk|`|dhk ha |jb

    9

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    17/19

    { 01 {

    tb`r} ha h~br`|dhk `kl g`dk|bk`kmb+ ^rhqd}dhk }jhel ob |jbrb |h bk`oeb mhkmb}}dhk`drb} bg~eht

    K_BI@ obkbadmd`rdb} dk |jb ~rhfbm|+ \jd} ~`mc`ib ydee khy ob `||r`m|dqb |h }g`eebr mhk|r`m|hr irh~}

    dk |jb }|`|b+ \jb }|`|b ihqbrkgbk| jhybqbr }jhel bkmhr`ib `k ]^Q ahrgbl ot ` fhdk| qbk|rb ha

    ehm`e dkl}|rd`ed}|}% `kl bk|rb~rbkbr yjh}b ldrbm| o}dkb}} dk|brb}|} `rb ar|jbrbl ot |jb

    lbqbeh~gbk| ha |jb `rb` `kl ` ed}|bl dkar`}|rm|rb mhk|r`m|hr yjh ydee ob `oeb |h ordki |jb rbpdrbl

    |bmjkdm`e bz~br|d}b+ \jb}b mhkmb}}dhk`drb} ydee khy `m| `} Ar`kmjd}bb ha dkar`}|rm|rb dk |jb

    ld}|rdm|+ \jb dkar`}|rm|rb gdkd}|rt }jhel gh|dq`|b }|`|b ihqbrkgbk|} |h ib| dkqheqbl dk |jd} jib

    ^^^ h~~hr|kd|t yjdmj `llrb}} |jb mhkmbrk} ha oh|j rr`e `kl ro`k dkar`}|rm|rb `mrh}} |jb ebki|j

    `kl orb`l|j ha |jb mhk|rt+ Da |jd} d} dg~ebgbk|bl }mmb}}aeet d| m`k ordki |jb ~rdq`|b }bm|hr}

    dkqb}|gbk|} |h |jb 4:" ha |jb rh`l} h|}dlb |jb ~rqdby ha KJ `kl ``g ``lgd `rb`} ha y`|br`kl

    }`kd|`|dhk+

    Mhkme}dhk

    \jb yhrel d} |`cdki kh|dmb ha hr }|bredki bzbm|dhk ha |jb Lbejd gb|rh ~rhfbm|% odlldki ha |jb RG^^

    ~rhfbm| `kl mrb`|dhk ha Dkld`'}jdkdki `dr~hr|} `| O`ki`ehrb% Kby Lbejd% Ggo`d `kl Jtlbr`o`l+

    Dkld`n} jdijy`t} lbqbeh~gbk| ~rhir`g y`} |jb e`rib}| }mj lbqbeh~gbk| ~rhir`ggb dk |jb yhrel+

    \jb Dkld`k _`dey`t} |rk`rhkl m`}b }|lt g`lb d| |h dqt'eb`ib o}dkb}} }mjhhe}+ @ardm`k k`|dhk}

    edcb Kdibrd` `rb dg~rb}}bl yd|j |jb rblm|dhk ha @\!M eh}}b} dk Lbejd ~h}| ~rdq`|dv`|dhk `kl y`k| |h

    rb~edm`|b |jb ghlbe+ D| ydee |`cb |dgb ahr yhrel |h |`cb kh|dmb `kl hr dkar`}|rm|rb r`kcdki} ydee

    mbr|`dket dg~rhqb jhybqbr |jb }he|dhk} yjdmj yb kbbl |h dg~ebgbk| }jhel ob dkkhq`|dqb `kl ohel+

    Yb `rb `e}h mrrbk|et ho}b}}bl yd|j mrb`|dki dkar`}|rm|rb `}}b|}% ~`r|et lb |h hr hyk kbbl} `kl

    `e}h ~brj`~} obdki }~rrbl ot Mjdk`n} dkqb}|gbk| yjdmj dk `o}he|b `kl rbe`|dqb |brg} `rb ghrb |j`k

    hr}+ \jb ihqbrkgbk| }jhel kh| ahrib| |jb |jbgb ha dkme}dqb irhy|j `kl jhy |jb ``g ``lgd

    obkbad|} arhg |jb jdij p`ed|t o| ~rhad|`oeb }brqdmb} |j`| |jb}b `}}b|} ibkbr`|b+ @a|br `ee |jbrb }jhel

    ob ` ldaabrbkmb ob|ybbk |jb y`t} |jb lr`ihk `kl |jb beb~j`k| l`kmb |h |jb |kb dkar`}|rm|rb% `kl `ee

    d| |`cb} ahr |jb yhrel |h ehhc `| |jb beb~j`k| d} dkkhq`|dhk `kl dkme}dqbkb}}+

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    18/19

    { 09 {

    Odoedhir`~jt

    0+ 0?|j ^e`k Lr`a| % ^M+ *?>00$+Lr`a| @~~rh`mj ^`~br ahr |jb \ybea|j Adqb Tb`r e`k ?>0?'09+ Kby Lbejd6^e`kkdki mhggd}dhk+

    ?+ O}dkb}} Ghkd|hr Dk|brk`|dhk`e + *?>00$+Dkld` Dkar`}|rm|rb _b~hr| P< ?>00 + Ehklhk6 O}dkb}} Ghkd|hrDk|brk`|dhk`e +

    =+ Mj`||brfbb% Q+ *?>00$+ M||dki |jb Ihrld`k Ckh|+ Dk Q+ Mj`||brfbb% Ib||dki d| _dij|*~~+ 04'?0$+ Kby Lbejd6Emdl ]he|dhk}+

    00% 1 ?$+ Qdk`t`c Mj`||brfbb6 E`kl kl |jb }hqbrbdik)} rb}~hk}doded|t+ _b|rdbqbl 00 02% ?>00%arhg O}dkb}} ]|`kl`rl6 j||~6((yyy+o}dkb}}'}|`kl`rl+mhg(dkld`(kby}(qdk`t`c'mj`||brfbb'e`kl|jb'}hqbrbdik}'

    rb}~hk}doded|t(4% Abor`rt 01$+ Qdk`t`c Mj`||brfbb6 @ mhk}|d||dhk`e dg~br`|dqb+ _b|rdbqbl Khqbgobr 02% ?>00%arhg O}dkb}} ]|`kl`rl6 j||~6((yyy+o}dkb}}'}|`kl`rl+mhg(dkld`(kby}('mhk}|d||dhk`e'dg~br`|dqb(=(

    1+ Jdij ^hybrbl Bz~br| Mhggd||bb *J^BM$ ahr Rro`k dkar`}|rm|rb }brqdmb}+ *?>00$+ _b~hr| hk Dkld`k Rro`kDkar`}|rm|rb `kl ]brqdmb}+ Kby Lbejd6 Gdkd}|rt ha Rro`k Lbqbeh~gbk|+

    9+ Gh]^D+ *?>00$+ ^rhfbm| Dg~ebgbk|`|dhk ]|`|} _b~hr| Ha Mbk|r`e ]bm|hr ^rhfbm|} @~rde ' Fk+ Kby Lbejd6Gdkd}|rt ha ]|`|d}|dm} `kl ^rhir`ggb Dg~ebgbk|`|dhk% Dkar`}|rm|rb `kl ^rhfbm| Ghkd|hrdki Ldqd}dhk+

    :+ ^e`kkdki Mhggd}}dhk+ *?>00% Khqbgobr 0$+L`|` \`oeb+ _b|rdbqbl Khqbgobr 02% ?>00% arhg ^e`kkdkiMhggd}}dhk Ybo ]d|b6 j||~6((~e`kkdkimhggd}}dhk+kdm+dk(l`|`(l`|`|`oeb(>?00(l`|`"?>0:+~la

    4+ ^rb}} Dkahrg`|dhk Orb` + *?>00% 0? >?$+ ^DO Bkied}j _beb`}b+ _b|rdbqbl 0? >0% ?>00% arhg ^DO Ybo}d|b6j||~6((~do+kdm+dk(kby}d|b(brbeb`}b+`}~z

    0>+ _b}brqb O`kc ha Dkld`+ *?>00% Khqbgobr >0$+ _b`e'\dgb J`klohhc ha ]|`|d}|dm} hk |jb Dkld`k Bmhkhgt+_b|rdbqbl Khqbgobr >0% ?>00% arhg _b`e'\dgb J`klohhc ha ]|`|d}|dm} hk |jb Dkld`k Bmhkhgt6

    j||~6((lodb+rod+hri+dk(DkahQdby@~~(ed}|dki(g`dk+lh8`~~Cdkl7DkahQdby!}brqdmb7"?ADkahQdby@~~"?Amhggh

    k"?A`~~]brqdmb+lh

    00+ ]bmrb|`rd`| ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb+ *?>0>$+ Mhg~bkldg ha ^^^ ^rhfbm|} dk ]|`|b Jdijy`t}+ Kby Lbejd6 ]bmrb|`rd`|ahr Dkar`}|rm|rb +

    0?+ ]dkij% _+ *?>0>$+ Lbe`t} `kl Mh}| Hqbrrk} dk Dkar`}|rm|rb ^rhfbm|}6 Bz|bk|% M`}b} `kl _bgbldb}+Bmhkhgdm! ^hed|dm`e Ybbcet%

  • 7/31/2019 India's Infrastructure

    19/19

    { 0: {

    000% F`k`rt >0$+Dkldm`|hr}uL`|`+ _b|rdbqbl 02 ?>00% ?>00% arhg \jb YhrelO`kc ybo}d|b6 j||~6((l`|`+yhrelo`kc+hri(dkldm`|hr(`ee

    02+ Yhrel Bmhkhgdm Ahrg+ *?>0>$+ \jb Ieho`e Mhg~b|d|dqbkb}} _b~hr| ?>0>?>00+ Ibkbq`6 Yhrel BmhkhgdmAhrg+