Office of Science and Innovation, New Delhi

India’s research & innovation ecosystemAn introduction

Groundbreaking innovations in electronics, IT, AI, and quantum technology

A world leading ecosystem for space research and start-ups

A top destination for Life Science research and innovation

• India is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.33 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world.

• India targets to become a US$ 5 trillion economy in the next five years and might become a US$ 10 trillion economy in the next eight years thereafter.

• India is expected to be the third largest consumer economy as its consumption may triple to US$ 4 trillion by 2025, owing to shift in consumer behavior and expenditure patterns.

• Indian Government is projecting the that the GDP growth will be down from 6.5% to 2-3% amidst the Corona virus crisis.

BASIC FACTS

R&D FUNDING• India's approximate expenditure on R&D as a percentage of

GDP is <1%.

• India’s gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) is driven mainly by

the government (to the tune of 55%).

• Goal to increase expenditures on R&D to x%

45%

37%

6%5%

7%

Central government

Private sector industry

State sector

Public sector industry

Higher education sector

FUNDING AGENCIESIn India, government funding for research is provided and co-ordinated by a number of

different funding agencies. Some of the key Indian funding agencies are:

Department of Science and Technology (DST)

Department of Biotechnology (DBT)

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)

Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)

INDUSTRIAL R&D FUNDINGFocus areas for private sector investments in R&D

Drugs and pharmaceuticals 24,3 %

Transportation 16,4%

Medical

appliances

Chemicals 7,2%

Information Technology 8,7%

Biotechnology

Electrical and electronics

Defence 6,8%

Prime Minister

Ministry of Environment, Forests

& Climate Change

Ministry of Earth Sciences

Department of Scientific & Industrial

Research

Department of Biotechnology

Dep of Defence R&D

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Indian Council of Medical Research

Department of Science & Technology

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

PM STIAC

Niti Aayog

Dep of Atomic Energy

Dep of Space

Minister Harsh Vardhan

PM Narendra Modi

PSA Prof K VijayRaghavanCEO Amitabh Kant

PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISER

• The Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) is the chief advisor to the government on matters related to science and technology policy, and is a central node in the Indian innovation ecosystem.

• PSA, in collaboration with various ministries, institutions, academia and industry, recommends interventions of strategic socio-economic importance to the country.

PRIME MINISTER’S SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL

• The PM-STIAC is an overarching triple helix council that facilitates the work of the PSA’s Office to assess the status in specific science and technology domains, comprehend challenges, formulate specific interventions, develop a futuristic roadmap and advise the Prime Minister accordingly.

• The PSA’s Office oversees the implementation of agreed upon interventions.

• Enabling future preparedness in emerging domains of science and technology.

• Formulating and coordinating major inter-ministerial S&T missions.

• Providing an enabling ecosystem for technology led innovations and techno-entrepreneurship.

• Driving innovation and technology delivery towards solving socio-economic challenges for sustainable growth.

• Fostering effective public-private linkages for driving research and innovation.

• Developing innovation clusters with multiple stakeholders including academia, industry and government.

• Skilling in current and futuristic technologies.

PM-STIAC also works to formulate, co-ordinate and implement multi-stakeholder policy

initiatives, mechanisms, reforms and programmes aimed at:

PM-STIAC 9 NATIONAL MISSIONS

AGNIi: Accelerating growth

Deep ocean mission

Teaching S&T in indian languages

AI and quantum computing

Precision health

Waste to energy

Electric Vehicles

Biodiversity

Building the foundation of science 1) More investments in R&D from central government and state governments 2) More R&D investments from industry

New initiative by PSA/Invest India to connect start-ups with industry for mass market

Exploration of Indian Ocean region

Technology for translating science into regional languages

Mission in super computing and cyber physical systems

Large scale study of Indian human genome, lifestyles, health and diseases

Innovation for converting Waste to energy

Energy efficient and electric vehicles using small batteries, new/improved battery materials and recycling

A comprehensive documentation of India’s biodiversity, incl. associated cultures, and assessment of conservation status and needs

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CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE

• Despite low investment levels, India boasts institutions delivering quality research.

• These include the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), and the Indian Institute of Science and Educational Research (IISER).

• Successful public research institutions include the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Indian Council for Medical Research and laboratories operated by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

UNIVERSITIES

• India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China.

• As of 2020, India has over 1000 universities, with a break up of 50 central universities, 402 state universities, 125 deemed universities, 334 private universities, 7 Institute under State Legislature Act, and 155 Institutes of National Importancewhich include IIMs, AIIMS, IITs, IIITs, IISERs and NITs among others.

• In 2019, Three Indian universities were listed in the Times Higher Education list of the world's top 200 universities: Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management, and Jawaharlal Nehru University.

INNOVATION

• India has a total of 25 innovation centres in the country and has been ranked as the top innovation destination in Asia and second in the world for new innovation centres. The country accounts for 27 per cent of Asia’s new innovation centres.

• India has moved up to the 52nd position in the Global Innovation Index (GII) in 2019 and will likely get into the list of the top 25 nations in the next 10 years.

OUTSOURCING HUB FOR R&D• India has become a major destination for

outsourced R&D activities.

• There are more than 1,100 R&D centres set up by multinational companies, e.g. IBM, Google, Microsoft and Intel. These R&D centres cover areas including ICT, biotechnology, aerospace, automotive, chemicals and materials technology.

• Around 200 Swedish companies are in India, out of which some are investing in local R&D.

START-UPS

• India has retained its position as the third largest startup base in the world with over 4,750 technology start-ups.

• Bangalore is globally recognized as the fifth most preferred destination by large companies and start-ups for technology and innovation.

• The government has set up the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) to transform radically the innovation, entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem of the country.

1stGII Rank C&S Asia

> 1 bnmobile subscribers

5thlargest economy

2ndbiggest investor in

renewables

3universities in the Top 10

2ndinternet user base

3rdlargest Science & Tech

manpower pool

7thhighest research

productivity

2ndlargest road network

INNOVATION HOTSPOTS

• Bengaluru hosts the largest technology cluster in India and the fourth-largest technology cluster in the world, spread across a variety of sectors including IT and IT-enabled services, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, defense, aerospace and agri-tech.

• The majority of Fortune 500 companies have research and development centres in Bengaluru.

• Bengaluru is also home to India's space program.

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BENGALURU

INNOVATION HOTSPOTS

• Mumbai's proximity to global capital flows and India's investors supports an emerging startup ecosystem, particularly for business to business innovations.

• As India's fintech capital, fintech is driving Mumbai's startup economy.

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MUMBAI

INNOVATION HOTSPOTS

• The capital region's start-up scene is strengthened by the presence of firms with easy access to foreign investors, government agencies and seed funding.

• The city has leading education, research and scientific institutions and a skilled workforce.

• It is a major hub for information technology enabled services, e-commerce, business process outsourcing and design work.

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NEW DELHI

INNOVATION HOTSPOTS

• Hyderabad is becoming a global destination for tech business and entrepreneurs.

• Telangana provides a state focus on innovation through a formal innovation policy.

• The city's industrial, information technology and biotechnology clusters have led to a strong research and development capability and facilitated an entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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HYDERABAD

GOVERNMENT POLICY INITIATIVES

• The Government aims to develop India into a global innovation hub by 2020 by improving policy, infrastructures and innovation environments.

• India is expected to witness strong growth in its agriculture and pharmaceutical sectors as the government is investing large sums to set up dedicated R&D centres in these sectors.

• The Indian IT industry is expected to add to the development of the R&D sector.

DIGITAL INDIAIn 2015, PM Modi announced the launch of the Digital India campaign, with a vision to transform India into a

digitally empowered society and knowledge economy, and series of flagship programs to strengthen the

innovation ecosystem, for example Make in India, Startup India and Skill India.

Make in India

Transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub. Inspire confidence in India’s capabilities

amongst potential partners abroad, the Indian business community and

citizens at large.

Startup India

Incubation, capacity building and funding programs for startups,

including platforms for all stakeholders in the startup ecosystem to interact, exchange knowledge and

form partnerships.

Skill India

Create opportunities, space and scope for the skill development of

Indian youth and improve entrepreneurship capabilities among students. Meet domestic, as well as

international, demands and competence needs.

STRENGHTS

• With growing globalization engineering R&D market in India is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 14 per cent to reach US$ 42 billion by 2020.

• India produces over 24,000 doctoral graduates every year. Legions of Indian engineers working across the globe highlight the highly trained manpower available at competitive costs.

• India ranks 5th in global research publication output.

• India is the seventh largest patent filing office in the World.

• India ranks 13th on The Nature Index (based on high quality research outputs).

CHALLENGES• Low per-capita income.

• Weak & highly invariable infrastructure, including poor access to electricity and transportation means.

• Non-traditional supply channels and weak distribution channels.

• The link between research, higher education and industry is weak and nascent. It needs to be strengthened and put on a firm platform.

ICT AND AIThe Indian software and IT sector accounted for $ 117 billion of the research and development spend, registering a growth of 18-19% over 2017.

As part of the Union Budget 2020, the finance minister set aside $1.14 billion to invest in artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, machine learning (ML), and data analytics.

India is a data-rich country and Indians consume an average of 11 GB of data per month. AI has caught the Indian government’s attention. The government is pitching India as the AI “garage for the emerging and developing economies”.

Important sectors for bilateral cooperation

CLEAN ENERGY India is focusing on renewable sources to generate energy. India’s commitment to the Paris Agreement is to achieve 40% of its energy from non-fossil sources by 2030 (the target has almost already been met). 2019 it announced a new target of 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.

Wind power became cost-competitive with coal in 2018.

By 2026, 10,000 microgrids will connect more than 5 million rural households to small distribution networks of local renewable power.

Important sectors for bilateral cooperation

HEALTHCARE

The healthcare market in India is expected to be among the top 3 in the world by 2020 and the healthcare industry is one of the fastest growing sectors and it is expected to reach $280 billion by 2020.

The global genomics industry is predicted to grow at around 18% in the next 10 years, and India is expected to be a major stakeholder.

Healthcare companies are riding India’s startup boom.

Important sectors for bilateral cooperation

TRANSPORT

The Indian automobile industry is the fourth largest in the world. In 2018, the global automotive industry spent $ 130 billion on R&D. The Indian automotive industry accounted for 40% of this global spend.

A key sector driving investments in R&D is electric mobility. There is a goal of reaching 30% electrical vehicle penetration by 2030. The government is working on plans to require all two-wheelers to be electric by 2026.

Important sectors for bilateral cooperation

• PM Modi’s visit to Sweden in 2018 was historic; first bilateral visit by an Indian PM in 30 years.

• The Sweden-India Joint Innovation Partnership for a Sustainable Future was signed by PM Modi and PM Löfven in 2018 to further strengthen bilateral ties.

• Dr Hardh Vardhan, Indian Minister for Science, Technology, Earth Sciences, Environment and Forests visited Sweden in May 2018.

• Secretary, Department of Biotechnology (DBT) visited Sweden in August 2018 and a cooperation agreement was signed between Vinnova and DBT.

SWEDEN-INDIA RELATIONSHIP -RECENT HIGHLIGHTS

• Department of Science & Technology and Vinnova signed a cooperation agreement in September 2018.

• Principal Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister, India visited Sweden in September 2018.

• King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia visited India together with Minister Ibrahim Baylan and Minister Ann Lindé in 2019.

• A triple helix Sweden-India High-Level Dialogue on Innovation Policy, inaugurated by PM Modi, was held in 2019.

• A cooperation agreement between Swedish Energy Agency and Department of Science & Technology was signed in 2019.

OFFICE OF SCIENCE & INNOVATION, EMBASSY OF SWEDEN, NEW DELHI

We enable, facilitate and strengthen Sweden-India bilateral research and innovation

collaboration. This is how we can help:

We can support by helping you understand and navigate the Indian research and innovation landscape, prepare you for

your collaboration, and identify potential partners.

We can catalyze collaborations by facilitating meetings and visits and support follow-up.

We can create visibility of your organization through our outreach activities and local networks.

We can provide strategic policy reporting and highlight opportunities.

DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?

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science-innovation.blog/new-delhi/

Email us Fanny.von.heland@gov.se