Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin AmericaDevelopment in Latin America

World Bank Support for the Implementation of Article 8(j) and Related Provision

--Investing in Indigenous Peoples Development

The Experience of the World Bank in Latin The Experience of the World Bank in Latin AmericaAmericaIncluding the GEF projectsIncluding the GEF projects

Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development in Latin AmericaDevelopment in Latin America

Purposes of Purposes of PresentationPresentation

To provide information on the World Bank policy To provide information on the World Bank policy on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America;on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America;

To describe the strategic approach to Indigenous To describe the strategic approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Projects adopted by the Peoples Development Projects adopted by the World Bank in Latin America including the GEF World Bank in Latin America including the GEF projects;projects;

To highlight some of the major lessons learned To highlight some of the major lessons learned from the initial implementation of this strategy; from the initial implementation of this strategy; and,and,

To describe some of the future challenges that the To describe some of the future challenges that the World Bank and other international development World Bank and other international development agencies face in the financing of Indigenous agencies face in the financing of Indigenous Peoples Development including the GEF projects.Peoples Development including the GEF projects.

IndigenousIndigenousPeoples Policy (OD 4.20) in 1991Peoples Policy (OD 4.20) in 1991

Policy developed by indigenous specialists in close collaboration with specialists in International Labor Organization (ILO) and Using ILO Convention 169 as a framework;

Broader definition of indigenous peoples to include highland indigenous peoples, as well as lowland forest-dwelling peoples;

Focus on informed participation of indigenous peoples in development decision-making rather than just on strengthening of government indigenous agencies; and,

Requirement that all Bank-financed projects affecting indigenous peoples contain special Indigenous Peoples Development Plans (IPDPs) to ensure that indigenous peoples participate in and benefit from Bank-financed operations.

World Bank Policy Framework in World Bank Policy Framework in Relation to Indigenous PeoplesRelation to Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country Management Unit (FY92-FY01)Management Unit (FY92-FY01)

14%

36%

2%10%

11%

20%

7%

Mexico

Central America

Caribbean

Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela

Brazil

Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru

Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Mechanisms for Incorporating Indigenous Mechanisms for Incorporating Indigenous Peoples in Bank-Financed Projects (FY92-Peoples in Bank-Financed Projects (FY92-

FY01)FY01)

IP Development Strategy

IP Development Project

Component

Limited Participation

TBD

51%

17%

8%

15%

9%

Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Projects Involving Indigenous Peoples by Country Management Unit (FY 2001)Country Management Unit (FY 2001)

Program’s GoalProgram’s Goal

To promote the participation and inclusion

of Latin America’s 40 million indigenous peoples

in a sustainable development process.

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

Main ObjectivesMain Objectives

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

To alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development;

To build indigenous peoples capacity for self-development;

To strengthen and improve the policy and institutional frameworks;

To demonstrate the important role that indigenous peoples can play in the management of fragile ecosystems and biodiversity conservation; and

To disseminate the experience learned.

StrategiesStrategies

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

Conducting analytical and empirical studies of indigenous poverty and social exclusion;

Investing in human capital (education, health, and social protection);

Strengthening the social capital of indigenous organizations and communities;

Linking indigenous territorial protection with natural resources management and biodiversity conservation;

Promoting protection of indigenous peoples cultural heritage, languages and identities; and

Creating a learning partnership among indigenous peoples, governments and donor agencies.

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

1. Supporting pre-investment operations

A) Capacity Building

15 training projects in 10 different countries

Over $2 million IDF invested

Partnerships with indigenous organizations, government agencies, and NGOs

Focus on development planning (autogestion)

Learning by doing methodologies

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

1. Supporting pre-investment operations

B) Analytical Work Indigenous peoples country profiles (Mexico,

Central America and Andean countries)

Case studies of indigenous community development (with the U. of Pittsburgh, the Fondo Indigena, indigenous organizations and NGOs)

Legal studies (Central America, Guyana, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela)

Publication of the Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on the Administration of Justice and Indigenous Peoples (with the Inter American Institute of Human Rights, ILO, and SIDA)

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

2. Financing new and innovative projects

A) Land Regularization

Brazil Indigenous Lands Project (G7 Pilot Project for the Conservation of the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest)

Honduras Rural Land Management Project

Bolivia Land Administration Project

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

2. Financing new and innovative projects

B) Natural Resources Management

Colombia Natural Resources Management Project

Peru Sierra Natural Resources Management Project

Mexico Community Forestry Project

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

2. Financing new and innovative projectsC) GEF

Biodiversity Conservation

22 projects in 12 countries

Approximately $250 million invested

Coverage of most ecological zones

Examples of GEF-Examples of GEF-Funded Biodiversity Funded Biodiversity

Conservation ProjectsConservation Projects

ColombiaColombiaMataven Forest Project

GuatemalaGuatemalaBio-Itza Project

MexicoMexicoCommunity Protected Areas Project

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

2. Financing new and innovative projects

D) Community-Based Development

Ecuador Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian Peoples Development Project (PRODEPINE)

Learning and Innovation Loans

Peru Indigenous and Afro-Peruvian Peoples Development Project

Argentine Indigenous Peoples Community Development and Protected Areas Project

Bolivia Indigenous Peoples Development Project

ActivitiesActivities

New Strategic Approach to New Strategic Approach to Indigenous Peoples Development Indigenous Peoples Development

(1995-2001)(1995-2001)

3. Supporting existing networks and building new learning partnerships

A) National consultation meetings (Mayan Elders Consultation in Guatemala, Andean and Amazon Consultations in Peru)

B) Inter-Agency Working Group on Indigenous Peoples

C) Red Indigena (a regional, interactive website on Indigenous Peoples Development)

Participatory Approaches to Participatory Approaches to Indigenous DevelopmentIndigenous Development

Enabling FactorsEnabling Factors Adequate legal and policy frameworks;

Pre-investment training and capacity strengthening of indigenous organizations;

Joint decision-making and “power-sharing” arrangements;

Participatory diagnostic and planning techniques; and,

Agreement on technical and professional criteria for contracting of project planning and implementation teams

Participatory Approaches to Participatory Approaches to Indigenous DevelopmentIndigenous Development

Lessons of Initial ExperienceLessons of Initial Experience

Need to focus more attention on participation of indigenous women

Need for more systematic incorporation of indigenous knowledge and culture into project designs

Need for culturally appropriate monitoring and evaluation indicators

Need to link indigenous development projects with other sectoral projects (human development, infrastructure, rural development and finance, etc.) and national poverty reduction strategies

Chalenges for Indigenous Peoples

Development

Future Challenges of Future Challenges of Indigenous Development Indigenous Development

InitiativesInitiatives Greater focus on social and economic needs of urban indigenous communities

Strengthening of entrepreneurial capacity and competitiveness of indigenous economic enterprises and businesses

Greater cooperation and coordination among donor agencies

Increased learning and dissemination of indigenous development experiences among countries and between North, Central and South America

GEF Projects with IP as Primary Focus

Argentina: Community Biodiversity Protection Project ($6m)

Belize: Community Managed Sarstoon Temash Conservation ($7.5m)

Colombia: Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Mataven Forest ($tbd)

Ecuador: Rescuing Ancient Knowledge and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Coastal Ecuador ($1.05m)

Ecuador: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use Planning of Natural Resources in Pastaza ($tbd)

Guatemala: Management and Protection of Laguna del Tigre National Park ($1.66m)

Guatemala: Community Management of the Bio-Itza Reserve (Peten) ($tbd)

Mexico: Indigenous Conservation of Biodiversity ($18.7m)

Peru: Participatory Conservation and Sustainable Development with Indigenous Communities in Vilcabamba ($1.14m)

Peru: Indigenous Management of Protected Areas in the Amazon ($24m)

Venezuela: Dhekuana Nonoodo Biodiversity Conservation ($1m)

GEF Projects with IP as a Component

Colombia: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Andes Region ($30m)

Colombia: Community-Based Management for the Naya Conservation Corridor ($.94m)

Costa Rica: Sustainable Cacao Production ($tbd)

Ecuador: Choco-Andean Corridor ($2.7m)

Guatemala: Biodiversity Conservation in the Altiplano Occidental ($45m)

Honduras: Biodiversity Conservation in Priority Protected Areas ($9.5m)

Mexico: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor ($92.9m)

Nicaragua: Atlantic Biological Corridor ($21.5m)

Panama: Effective Protection with Community Participation of the New Protected Area of San Lorenzo ($2.23m)

Peru: Collaborative Management for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Northwest Biosphere Reserve ($2.1m)

Peru: Consolidation of Protected Area System (PROFONANPE II) ($32m)