indigo: scope and plans for gravitational wave … meeting rri, july 2012 indigo: scope and plans...

ASTROD Meeting RRI, July 2012

IndiGO: Scope and Plans for Gravitational Wave Research and Precision Metrology in India

Unnikrishnan. C. S. Gravitation Group & Fundamental Interactions Lab

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005

www.gw-indigo.org


Summary: Initiatives by the IndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational Wave Observations) Consortium during the past two years have materialized into concrete plans and project opportunities for instrumentation and research based on advanced interferometer detectors. The proposed LIGO-India opportunity is the culmination of a 2-year long intense effort by IndIGO. LIGO-India will foster integrated development of frontier gravitational wave research in India and will facilitate direct participation in global GW research with substantial contributions to gravitational wave astronomy. We expect great surge of activity in precision metrology, instrumentation, data handling and computation etc., with LIGO-India as inspiration. I will now examine some features of LIGO-India, the progress made and how it is expected to revitalise experimental physics and astronomy in India.


• Stimulate and Coordinate Gravitational Wave Research and Astronomy in India

• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW related experimental activity and train new technically skilled manpower

• Seek pan-Indian consolidated membership in LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) (IndIGO is now a member of LSC, and also the GWIC)

• Create a Tier-2 data centre in IUCAA for LIGO Scientific Collaboration Deliverables and as a LSC Resource

• Start and nurture collaborative work (IUSSTF Indo-US IUCAA-Caltech joint Centre at IUCAA, IndIGO-LIGO and IndIGO-EGO meetings etc.)

• Explore Indian participation in space based GW detectors in the future (discussions in this meeting)

• Build and operate LIGO-India for GW astronomy and research

IndIGO Consortium Mission and Goals:


IndIGO - Indian Initiative in Gravitational Wave Observations

Major achievements of the Consortium

1) Mobilized Indian scientists and engineers with specialized expertise in aspects relevant for gravitational wave research (2009 - 2010) to get together to form the consortium, prepare project proposals and get support for funding to the tune of $200 million for research for 15 years (2011).

2) Became a part of the GWIC (GW International Committee – 2011).

3) Became part of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (2011)

4) Brought LIGO to India as the LIGO-India project, surpassing regular expectations of the scientific community in terms of time line and meeting criteria of several kinds.


Background and Time-line: 2009-10: Renewed discussion on Indian participation in experimental efforts (Now or Never slogan) 2009: Several Roadmaps discussed: 30 m prototype 4 km IndIGO 30 m prototype + AIGO collaboration IndIGO (2020+) 2009 Nov: Fast prototyping, space availability, funds 3 m prototype + AIGO 2010: Sept. Approval for prototype by Tata Institute

2010: Oct.: AIGO LIGO-Australia 2011: January: Funds allotted for Prototype $ 600,000 (Rs. 3 Crores) (Only 10% available till now, but more expected this year). 2011: July-Oct..: LIGO-Australia LIGO-India proposal 2011: Nov. Govt. of India Dept. S&T and DAE list LIGO-India as one of Mega- science projects for 2012-17. DPR draft submitted. 2012: March-June: NSF and DAE approvals. 2012: July-October: Govt. of India and NSB approvals awaited

Laser

Mode cleaner cavity

Power recycling

FP1

FP2

Signal recycling Scheme of the Interferometric detector

Power recycling factor ~ >30

Other features: Signal recycling Squeezed light Specialized detector technology Special laser technology

From prototype to LIGO-India


Reference Design Parameters

Sub-system Design

Interferometer Power recycled, Michelson-FP, 3m FP:300, PR: 35, SPI for length control

UHV volume 10 m3

Pressure 10 -8 mbar

Total Pumping speed 800 l/s IP + 3000 l/s NEG

Laser (NPRO) power 1 W, 200-300 mW to interferometer

Optics + suspension 15 cm mirrors, 3kg, CVI RRCAT SS wires Silica

Mode cleaners Triangular cavity + Optical Fiber

Vibration attenuation 3 vertical stages , < 1 Hz, 109 @100 Hz 4 horizontal stages <1 Hz, >10 10 @ 100 Hz

Feedback controls Optical and magnetic PXI/NI + Labview

Displacement sensitivity <5x10-18 m/√Hz @200 Hz


Frequency (Hz)

1 10 100 1000

10-20

10-19

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

10-14

Shot noise

Seismic (best and worst case, dashed)

( / )l m Hz∆

10000 Signal recycling + Squeezing

SQL

Sketch of expected sensitivity for 3-m prototype

Best case total

suspension noise

Old LIGO


Physics with the TIFR prototype: Short range forces and Casimir force

(G. Rajalakshmi & CS Unnikrishnan 2010, CQG, 2010)


Goals of the TIFR 3-m prototype interferometer (to be operational in 2014): 1) Research and Training platform with all the features of the advanced LIGO-

like detectors, scaled down to displacement sensitivity around 10-18 m, above 200 Hz.

2) The Indian research platform for features like signal recycling, DC read-out, and most importantly the use of squeezed light and noise reduction (last phase).

3) Instrument for studies on short range gravity and QED force, especially a measurement of the Casimir force in the range 10 -100 microns (Rajalakshmi and Unnikrishnan, Class, Quant. Grav. 27, 215007 (2010).

4) Possible coincidence operation with next generation cryo-mechanical detectors by optimizing the sensitivity at 2kHz+ by signal recycling and use of squeezed light (h~10-20/� Hz)

Status: Fully funded (0.6M$), but no cash flow yet. 6mx10m laboratory being built, Estimates and prelim. designs for vibration isolation and vacuum done, 1 W NPRO and some instrumentation (DAQ) in place.


LIGO-India Project

Construction and Operation of an Advanced LIGO Detector in India in collaboration with the LIGO Lab, as a 3-aLIGO detectors network by 2020. The entire hardware components of the aLIGO detector along with designs and software will be provided by LIGO-USA ($150 M) and the entire infrastructure including UHV, labs and clean rooms as well as the team to build and operate ($250 M, 15 yrs) will be the Indian responsibility.


The LIGO-India Concept

ASTROD Meeting RRI, July 2012 13

The Questions

• Is there enough scientific interest in the community in India?

• Does the community have sufficient scientific, technical and managerial ability to implement such a vast project?

• Would adequate funding and support be available? • Can the project be sustained over ~15 years? • Is there a suitable site?

ASTROD Meeting RRI, July 2012 14

The Questions Answers

• Is there enough scientific interest in the community in India? Yes

• Does the community have sufficient scientific, technical and managerial ability to implement such a vast project? Yes

• Would adequate funding and support be available? Very Likely • Can the project be sustained over ~15 years? Yes • Is there a suitable site? Several possibilities

ASTROD Meeting RRI, July 2012 Good angular resolution Base-lines to Japan comparable

LIGO-India: … the opportunity Science Gain from Strategic Geographical Relocation

Source localization error

Original Plan 2 +1 LIGO USA+ Virgo

LIGO-India plan 1+1 LIGO USA+ Virgo+ LIGO-India

LIGO-Aus plan 1+1 LIGO USA+ Virgo+ LIGO-Aus

Courtesy: S. Fairhurst

Also Polarization


Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from binary mergers using data from global detector network

Coherent 4 x event rate (40 160 /yr for NS-NS) Role of IndIGO data centre

Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of GW data and analysis Bring together data-analysts within the Indian science community. Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO

Science Collab. wide facility. Part of the LSC participation by IndIGO Large University sector participation via IUCAA

• ~200 Tflops peak capability (by 2014) • Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer. • Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network • Gigabit dedicated link to LIGO lab Caltech • 20 Tf 200 Tb funded IUCAA : ready 2012

Data Centre at IUCAA – independent initiative, now merged.

Schematic of Advanced LIGO detectors

Large scale Ultra high Vacuum to be fabricated in India 10 mega -litres at nano-torr


LIGO-India Features: Hardware from LIGO-USA

1) Seismic Isolation

All SEI equipment for H2, installation fixtures; 5 ‘BSC’, 5 ‘HAM’, and 11 ‘HEPI’ Isolators and electronics ( except HEPI piping, pump station, Support tubes, welded bellows/flanges)


2) Suspensions All suspensions (UK/US) for H2,

4 test mass, 1 beamsplitter, and 10 smaller suspensions in-vacuum cables, electronics, metal masses All equipment needed to fabricate monolithic suspensions (Fibers will be shipped already drawn) All equipment to set up and adjust suspensions




Complete laser, pump diodes, electronics, in-vacuum intensity stabilization sensors, diagnostic systems (add chiller! )

3) Pre-stabilized high power laser


The complete system of Suspended mode cleaner, high-power Faraday Isolators, EO modulators, suspended mode-matching mirrors, variable attenuators, length and alignment servo sensors and electronics

4) Input Optics




5) Core Optics

All Core Optics for LIGO from H2 4 Test Masses, 1 Beamsplitter, Power and signal recycling mirror Compensation plates Spares (for maximizing uptime)



Ring heaters, CO2 lasers and beam forming optics Hartmann wavefront sensors, cameras

6) Equipment for Thermal Compensation



Telescope optics, Scattering control baffles, Calibration hardware, Optical levers for angle sensing, Interferometer sensing and control along with specially developed software, DAQ hardware, racks and power supplies…

7) Other hardware, DAQ and software


IndIGO Consortium (gw-indigo in Google)

TIFR, IUCAA, RRI, IISER-T, IISER-K, BIT-R, IPR, DU, CMI, RRCAT


Growth of IndIGO


LIGO-India Progress

Detailed Project Report Project Execution Plan Leadership, Team, Primary stake holders/ lead institutes Approvals from LIGO, NSF, NSB (US), and DAE/DST, Govt. of India Ministry/PMO Site Selection


LIGO-India Progress : Lead Institutes

Site Selection is the most important aspect right now.

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA, Pune) Institute for Plasma Research (IPR, Ahmedabad) R. Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT, Indore)


Some indicative requirements: 1) More than 300 km from sea-coast (relaxable for a very quiet, isolated site to 200 km)

2) Major airports at distance of more than 60 km. Small (less than 5flights/day) airports at

distance of more than 20 km. (Preferably not relaxed from this criteria).

3) Busy railway tracks to be away by 15 km.

4) Highways and busy roads at distance of more than 6 km.

5) Heavy machinery or mining/ blasting activity should be located at distance of more than 30km.

6) Reciprocating power plant machinery, rock crushers and heavy machinery should be at distance of 40 km.

7) Non-reciprocating power plant machinery and balanced machinery is to be located at more than 7 km distance.

8) No development that violate this criteria for next 20 years.


10 km Virgo (Italy-France)

GW observatories around the world



LIGO-Livingston


4 km Challakere - Nayakanahatti

ASTROD Meeting RRI, July 2012 Challakere - Nayakanahatti


1 km

Detail of inspected site. Only the region near the yellow lines is mostly government land. The district road is near the longer line. (North-up)

24o 41' N, 73o 56' E


4 km

Kishangarh

N Central University

Area inspected

N 26o 34.1' E 75o 01.5'


Other possibilities to explore for the national project: 1) Bhopal and other regions of Madhyapradesh

2) Raipur

3) More of Rajasthan, further east of Udaipur

4) Aurangabad/Lonar and nearby in Maharashtra

5) Madurai, close to the site for neutrino observatory, in the valley…

Task steps: 1) Identification of at least two acceptable sites satisfying most criteria

2) Long term measurements (seismic and environmental)

3) Soil characterization and long term modeling for reliability.


Impact on technology and research in India

1) Ultra-high Vacuum: Processes, Diagnostics, Fabrication, Culture

2) Optics: Research level impact, and perhaps even manufacturing (mid-size precision optics and fixtures as well as quality measurements)

3) Electronics and software: Already lot of expertise, perhaps matching requirements for LIGO

4) Lasers: Perhaps only research level impact, but could help space research and other special applications like environment monitoring.

5) Human resource development: Unprecedented in basic science and technology for science research.

6) International cooperation: Unprecedented. Will become the model and inspiration for potential global collaborations.


LIGO-India

GMRT

INO


LOOKING UP (for astronomy) LOOKING OUT (for talent and experience) LOOKING INWARDS (for ideas and development to 3G)

and LOOKING FORWARD TO LIGO-INDIA

indigo: scope and plans for gravitational wave … meeting rri, july 2012 indigo: scope and plans...

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