indirect method for fillings (classification, procedure)

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3a Indirect method for fillings (Classification, Procedure) Materials Cast Metal o Traditional material for inlays is gold (highgold alloys) o Some alloys contains only 20% gold, other no gold at all (lowgold alloys) o Highgold alloys are easier to work with than lowgold alloys Porcelain o Porcelain inlay and veneers 1. The impression of the tooth cast in refractory material which can be heated to very high temperatures without damages is taken 2. Porcelain powder is mixed to a paste with a liquid and placed into the inlay cavity 3. Fired in the furnace 4. The process is repeated until the required color is acquired o The lost wax technique can also be used Advantages and disadvantages of cast metal and porcelain restorations Strength o Cast Metal Cast metal in thin sections is stronger than amalgam, composite or GIC Thus it is the material of choice to protect weakened cups where a metal thickness of 1.0mm or less is sufficient compared with a minimum thickness of 3 mm for amalgam Cast metal is ideal for extracoronal restorations, such as onlay and complete and partial crowns Preparation for cast metal restorations are finished with beveled or chamfered margins o Porcelain Relatively brittle in thin sections, until it is bonded to the tooth and supported by it Thus porcelain restorations should not be beveled For a conventional porcelain crown minimum thickness is 1.5mm (due to occlusal forces) For porcelain veneer 0.5mm or less (no occlusal forces) Abrasion resistance o Amalgam is similar to enamel is resisting abrasion, composite and GIC are less resistant to abrasion o Cast metal and porcelain are at least as resistant as enamel, and porcelain may be more resistant that enamel (the opposing tooth may be worn down)

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Page 1: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

3a  Indirect  method  for  fillings  (Classification,  Procedure)  

   Materials  

• Cast  Metal    o Traditional  material  for  inlays  is  gold  (high-­‐gold  alloys)  o Some  alloys  contains  only  20%  gold,  other  no  gold  at  all  (low-­‐gold  

alloys)  o High-­‐gold  alloys  are  easier  to  work  with  than  low-­‐gold  alloys  

• Porcelain  o Porcelain  inlay  and  veneers  

1. The  impression  of  the  tooth  cast  in  refractory  material  which  can  be  heated  to  very  high  temperatures  without  damages  is  taken  

2. Porcelain  powder  is  mixed  to  a  paste  with  a  liquid  and  placed  into  the  inlay  cavity  

3. Fired  in  the  furnace  4. The  process  is  repeated  until  the  required  color  is  acquired  

o The  lost  wax  technique  can  also  be  used      Advantages  and  disadvantages  of  cast  metal  and  porcelain  restorations  

• Strength  o Cast  Metal  

§ Cast  metal  in  thin  sections  is  stronger  than  amalgam,  composite  or  GIC  

• Thus  it  is  the  material  of  choice  to  protect  weakened  cups  where  a  metal  thickness  of  1.0mm  or  less  is  sufficient  compared  with  a  minimum  thickness  of  3  mm  for  amalgam  

§ Cast  metal  is  ideal  for  extracoronal  restorations,  such  as  onlay  and  complete  and  partial  crowns  

§ Preparation  for  cast  metal  restorations  are  finished  with  beveled  or  chamfered  margins  

o Porcelain  § Relatively  brittle  in  thin  sections,  until  it  is  bonded  to  

the  tooth  and  supported  by  it  § Thus  porcelain  restorations  should  not  be  beveled  § For  a  conventional  porcelain  crown  minimum  thickness  

is  1.5mm  (due  to  occlusal  forces)  § For  porcelain  veneer  0.5mm  or  less  (no  occlusal  forces)  

• Abrasion  resistance  o Amalgam  is  similar  to  enamel  is  resisting  abrasion,  composite  

and  GIC  are  less  resistant  to  abrasion  o Cast  metal  and  porcelain  are  at  least  as  resistant  as  enamel,  and  

porcelain  may  be  more  resistant  that  enamel  (the  opposing  tooth  may  be  worn  down)  

Page 2: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

• Appearance  o Cast  metal  has  inferior  appearance  compared  to  resin  and  GIC  o Porcelain,  can  have  a  very  natural  appearance  and  is  very  

durable  (does  not  stain)  • Versatility  

o Cast  metal  is  a  very  versatile  material  § Accurate  shaping  in  the  laboratory  and  many  possible  

additions  • Cost  

o Major  disadvantage  of  cast  metal  and  porcelain    Indications  

§ Cast  metal  onlays  o As  part  of  bridge  

§ Porcelain  inlays  o Used  in  the  past,  not  anymore  o In  occlusal  fillings  where  large  occlusal  forces  were  present  

§ Composites  inlays  o Avoid  large-­‐volume  polymerization  shrinkage    o Tougher  restoration  than  the  direct-­‐placed  composites  o Problem  with  cementation  

§ Porcelain  and  composited  veneers  o Composite  need  much  less  preparation  (the  process  is  reversible)  

§ Color  discoloration  o Porcelain  needs  more  preparation  

§ Level  of  success  is  disappointing  § Over  time,  breakage  of  luting  cement  lute  at  the  margins  

occur  and  stains    

                     

Page 3: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

Procedure  for  indirect  cast  metal  inlay    Preparation  for  a  mesial-­‐occlusal-­‐distal  (MOD)  inlay  with  cuspal  protection  

• First  we  remove  old  filling  (if  it  exists)  and  the  caries  o Retention  for  inlay  cavities  

§ Preparation  of  opposing  walls  as  near  parallel  as  practically  possible,  but  without  undercuts  (angle  should  be  7-­‐10°  but  clinically  it  is  usually  20°)  

§ With  a  straight-­‐cut  taper-­‐fissure  tungsten  carbide  bur  in  air  turbine  

o Cuspal  coverage  § The  main  reason  for  choosing  this  type  of  restoration  is  to  

prevent  the  weakened  cusps  from  breaking  under  occlusal  forces  

§ Should  be  reduced  about  0.5-­‐1.5mm    • Increased  reduction  when  lateral  movements  of  the  

mandible  are  present        

o Checking  for  undercuts  § No  undercuts  

• To  check  use  probe  at  the  deep  margin  at  check  with  a  mirror,  if  the  point  is  lost  then  undercut  is  present  

§ Undercuts  are  eliminated  either  by  further  preparation  or  by  application  of  GIC  

o Finishing  lines  § Some  form  of  bevel  or  chamfer  is  the  finishing  line  for  

intracoronal  restorations  • Cavosurface  angle  135°  in  metal  and  45°  in  gold  

§ When  this  thin  margin  (metal  or  gold)  is  fitted  it  can  be  burnished  onto  the  enamel  

§ Any  functional  cusp  can  be  finished  with  a  chamfer  finishing  line  to  bring  the  margin  of  the  gold  away  from  the  area  of  occlusal  forces  

• With  a  tungsten  carbide  chamfer  finishing  bur  in  air  turbine  

§ With  large  boxes,  bevels  should  be  placed  along  the  axial  walls  of  the  box  and  at  the  cervical  margin  

• With  a  straight-­‐cut  tapered  tungsten  carbide  bur  at  a  1:4  ratio  handpiece  

Page 4: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

 

o Cavity  lining  § A  deep  cavity  is  sub-­‐lined  with  calcium  hydroxide  cement  § GIC  can  be  placed  to  line  out  any  undercuts  

 o Impression  

§ With  a  elastomeric  impression  material    

o A  temporary  inlay  is  placed    

o Trying  in  the  casting  § If  the  casting  does  not  seat,  check  in  the  following  sequence  

• Debris  or  temporary  cement  still  in  the  preparation  • Gingival  overgrowth  into  the  restoration  • Mistake  in  the  shape  of  the  restoration  

 o Cementing  the  restoration  

§ With  GIC,  zinc  phosphate,  resin-­‐based  cement    

Page 5: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

     

Procedure  for  porcelain  inlay      

• Retentive  design  of  the  cavity  is  less  important  • Sufficient  tooth  or  GIC  surface  should  be  present  for  bonding  • Margins  should  not  be  beveled  • Calcium  oxide  is  can  be  placed  then,  on  top  a  thick  base  of  GIC  for  bonding  

together  and  strengthening  the  dentine  remaining  in  the  cusps  • Special  luting  composite  resins  are  used  (chemically  curing,  or  both  light  

and  chemically)  • The  inlay  returned  (from  the  laboratory)  inlay  is  etched  or  sandblasted,  

we  then  etch  the  cavity  (dentine,  enamel,  GIC)    • The  surfaces  are  then  polished  with  composite  finsishing  discs  or  rubber  

wheels    

 

Page 6: Indirect Method for Fillings (Classification, Procedure)

   

Procedure  for  porcelain  veneer    Preparation  

• Is  needed  • A  chamfer  is  produced  at  the  gingival  margin  without  penetrating  the  

enamel  • Enamel  is  removed  from  the  remainder  of  the  buccal  surface  and  into  the  

contact  area  without  going  through  to  the  lingual  side  • The  approximal  finishing  line  is  important  

o If  left  too  labially  it  will  show  and  eventually  stain  o If  left  too  lingually  it  will  increase  difficult  of  cleaning  the  junction  

and  thus  there  is  increased  risk  or  caries  • The  incisal  edge  may  be    

o Left  unprepared  o Prepared  by  rounding  off  the  incisal-­‐buccal  edge  so  that  the  veneer  

extends  over  it  Impression  

• Same  as  others  (elastomeric)    Cementing  restoration  

• With  thin  porcelains  the  color  of  the  cement  influences  the  appearance  of  the  final  restoration  

• With  a  resin-­‐based  cement