indoor air quality assessment on tube platform
DESCRIPTION
INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT ON TUBE PLATFORM. June 9-11 2005 Budapest, Hungary. National Institute of Environmental Health Gyáli u. 2-6. Budapest, Hungary. É . VASKÖVI, T . BEREGSZÁSZI, M . ENDRŐDY, M . CSÍK, G . KOVÁCS, G . TÖRÖK. CHOICE of TOPIC. OBJECTIVE. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
INDOOR AIR QUALITY INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT ON TUBE PLATFORM ON TUBE PLATFORM
INDOOR AIR QUALITY INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT ON TUBE PLATFORM ON TUBE PLATFORM
National Institute of Environmental Health National Institute of Environmental Health
Gyáli u. 2-6. Budapest, HungaryGyáli u. 2-6. Budapest, Hungary
ÉÉ.. VASKÖVI, T VASKÖVI, T.. BEREGSZÁSZI, BEREGSZÁSZI, MM.. ENDRŐDY, M ENDRŐDY, M.. CSÍK, G CSÍK, G.. KOVÁCS, G KOVÁCS, G.. TÖRÖK TÖRÖK
June 9-11 2005 Budapest, Hungary
CHOICE of TOPICCHOICE of TOPICCHOICE of TOPICCHOICE of TOPIC
Ratio of commutersMass transportation in Budapest, 2003.
bus40%
tram26%
suburban railway5%
underground railway
23%
trolley-bus6%
Source:Budapest Transport Company
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
To quantify the levels To quantify the levels
of commuter’s exposure of commuter’s exposure
in metro stationin metro station
TOOLSTOOLSTOOLSTOOLS
Making measurements
to characterise the
indoor air pollution in
metro station
SS
DS
Pollutants: TSP, PM10, PM2,5 NO2, benzene
Period: 21Nov - 05 Dec 2003
Sites: 2 Budapest metro station platforms
Control site: ground above(NO2, benzene)
close to the same road (PM fractioned)
Time/frequency:
TSPTSP: 3*1 hr/ 5days (8.30-11:30) PMPM1010, PM, PM2,52,5: 24 hrs/ 5days
NONO22, benzene, benzene: 1 week
SAMPLING DESIGNSAMPLING DESIGNSAMPLING DESIGNSAMPLING DESIGN
SAMPLERSSAMPLERSSAMPLERSSAMPLERS
TSPTSP Hi-Vol, v= 80 m3/hr
PMPM1010, PM, PM2,52,5 Low-Vol, v=0,6m3/hr
NONO22 diffusive, Palmes
CC66HH66 diffusive, Radiello
ANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSIS
TSPTSP gravimetry
PMPM1010, PM, PM2,52,5 gravimetry
NONO22
spectrophotometry
CC66HH66 GC/FID
FURTHER ANALYSISFURTHER ANALYSISFURTHER ANALYSISFURTHER ANALYSIS
PMPM1010, PM, PM2,52,5
Absorption coefficient (Reflectometry)
Elemental composition (SEM)
Morphology (SEM)
Radioactivity (γ-spektrometry)
Mutagenity (Ames test) (TSP)(TSP)
(PM(PM1010))
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 2 3 4 5Nr of sampling days
µg/m3
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 2 3 4 5Nr of sampling days
µg/m3Nagyvárad sqrNagyvárad sqr KlinikákKlinikák
TSPTSP Ind >out LVTSPTSP Ind >out LV
LV outdoorLV outdoor
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
TSP
1-hour levels
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 2 3 4 5Nr of sampling days
µg/m
3
subsurface station deep station
3-hour means
TSP
TSPTSP
No significant differences
TSPTSP
No significant differences
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5Nr of sampling days
µg
/m3
PM10 deepstation
PM10 subsurfacestation
PM2,5 deepstation
PM2,5subsurfacestation
PM10 PM2,5
Variation in time and space
•PMPM1010 > PMPM2,52,5
•Differencies in Differencies in space onspace on
PMPM1010 , PMPM2,52,5
No tendencyNo tendency
•PMPM1010 > PMPM2,52,5
•Differencies in Differencies in space onspace on
PMPM1010 , PMPM2,52,5
No tendencyNo tendency
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS 5-day means
0
50
100
150
200
250
de
ep
sta
tio
n
su
bsu
rfa
ce
sta
tio
n
am
bie
nt
air
-1
am
bie
nt
air
-2
de
ep
sta
tio
n
su
bsu
rfa
ce
sta
tio
n
am
bie
nt
air
-1
am
bie
nt
air
-2
PM10 PM2,5
µg
/m3
PM10 PM2,5
•PM10PM10
Ind >>outd
•PM2,5 PM2,5
Ind > outd
•PM10PM10
Ind >>outd
•PM2,5 PM2,5
Ind > outd
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
PMPM1010
%%
Element Deep station
Subsurface station
Control site
C 29 29 21
O 24 21 2
Fe 30 29 1
Elemental composition
DominantDominant
FeFe (30%)
DominantDominant
FeFe (30%)
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
PMPM2,52,5
%
Element Deep station
Subsurface station
Control site
C 47 54 25
O 22 28 1
Fe 8 10 <1
Elemental composition
Dominant Dominant
CC (50%)
Dominant Dominant
CC (50%)
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS
-
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
Subsurface station Deep station Control site
m-1
*10-
5
APM2,5
APM10
Absorption coefficient
Ind >outd Ind >outd
RESULTSRESULTS Shape and composition
Fe: 33%O : 25%C: 27%
Fe: 30%O : 24%C: 28%Particles Particles
comprised comprised FeFe
amorphousamorphous and and
needleneedle forms forms
as wellas well
Particles Particles
comprised comprised FeFe
amorphousamorphous and and
needleneedle forms forms
as wellas well
PM10
PMPM1010
Bq/4 samples
Natural 232 Th series
208Tl 212Bi 212Pb 228Ac
<0,3 <1,1 <0,2 <0,4
RESULTSRESULTS Radioactivity
< < DL DL < < DL DL
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS Radioactivity
PMPM1010
Bq/4 samples
Natural 232 U series
210Pb 214Bi 214Pb 226Ra 235U
<1,5 <0,2 <0,2 <1,1 <0,1
< < DL DL < < DL DL
RESULTSRESULTS
0
100
200
300
0 0,65 1,95 5,86 17,58
dose, m3/plate
reve
rtan
ts/p
late
subsurfacestation
deep station
Mutagenity
Dose-response relationship
assessed by Tokiwa
TSPTSP•moderate moderate
mutagenic mutagenic
activity activity
•responsesresponses
1,47(1,19) to 1,47(1,19) to
4,42(3,31) 4,42(3,31)
revertants/ mrevertants/ m33
•moderate moderate
mutagenic mutagenic
activity activity
•responsesresponses
1,47(1,19) to 1,47(1,19) to
4,42(3,31) 4,42(3,31)
revertants/ mrevertants/ m33
RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Subsurfacestation
Aboveground
Control site Subsurfacestation
Aboveground
Control site
µg/
m3
NO2
Benzol
Nagyvárad sqrNagyvárad sqr KlinikákKlinikák
NO2 and C6H6 pollution
MM MM
•NO2 NO2
Ind < outdoutd
•C6H6 C6H6
Ind < < outdoutd
•NO2 NO2
Ind < outdoutd
•C6H6 C6H6
Ind < < outdoutd
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Low level indoor exposureLow level indoor exposureIndoor pollution is affected by outdoor Indoor pollution is affected by outdoor pollutionpollution
Indoor pollution is independent fromIndoor pollution is independent from
the depht of stationthe depht of station
Underground microenvironment Underground microenvironment considered as a source of dust considered as a source of dust comprised Fe exposurecomprised Fe exposure
Low level indoor exposureLow level indoor exposureIndoor pollution is affected by outdoor Indoor pollution is affected by outdoor pollutionpollution
Indoor pollution is independent fromIndoor pollution is independent from
the depht of stationthe depht of station
Underground microenvironment Underground microenvironment considered as a source of dust considered as a source of dust comprised Fe exposurecomprised Fe exposure
2003
1896
FINALFINAL CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONFINALFINAL CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
We suppose that theWe suppose that the exposure associated exposure associated
with commuting with commuting underground is not a underground is not a
risk for publicrisk for public
SUGGESTIONSUGGESTIONSUGGESTIONSUGGESTION
Regural cleaning Regural cleaning
Air cleanig Air cleanig
Further measurementsFurther measurements
Thank you for your attention
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION ExposureExposureCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION ExposureExposure POLLUTION
Indoor > outdoor (PM)
Indoor > outdoor (Fe)
Indoor < outdoor (NO2, C6H6)
TIME Indoor (ave. 15 min) <<< outdoor (more hrs)
IndoorIndoor exp exp < ambient < ambient expexp IndoorIndoor exp exp < ambient < ambient expexp