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Industrial Application

Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or

more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the

application and removal of heat.

Distillation principles

Separation of components from a liquid mixture via distillation depends on the

differences in boiling points of the individual components. Also, depending on the

concentrations of the components presents, the liquid mixture will have different boiling

point characteristics. Therefore, distillation processes depends on the vapour pressure

characteristics of liquid mixture.

Industries that applies distillation process

!il Industries

"ood Industries

#etrochemical Industries

$nvironmental Industries

#harmaceutical Industries

Alcohol Industries

!il Industry

Distillation has long been used as the separation process in the chemical and

petroleumindustries because of its reliability, simplicity, and low%capital cost. It is

employed to separateben&enefrom toluene, methanol or ethanolfrom water, acetone

from acetic acid, and many multicomponent mixtures. "ractionation of crude oil and the

production of deuteriumalso rely on distillation.
http://science.jrank.org/pages/5126/Petroleum.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/824/Benzene.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/2578/Ethanol.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/24/Acetone.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/23/Acetic-Acid.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/2031/Deuterium.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/824/Benzene.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/2578/Ethanol.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/24/Acetone.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/23/Acetic-Acid.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/2031/Deuterium.htmlhttp://science.jrank.org/pages/5126/Petroleum.html


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i. Oil industries

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is

processed and refined into more useful products.!il refineries are typically large,

sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying

streams of fluids between large chemical processing units

ii. Food Industries

In countless processes in the food industry, products are isolated and recovered from

solvents by means of precipitation or extraction. Typical distillation examples are

i. 'anufacture of pectin by precipitation with alcohol

ii. #roduction of hop extract

iii. #roduction of egg lecithin

iv. Decaffeination of coffee beans

v. (eprocessing of miscella

Areas of application of distillation

i. )oncentration of precipitation alcohol in the manufacture of pectin

ii. (emoval of ammonia from ion exchange eluates

iii. Dealcholi&ation of beers with alcohol recovery

iv. (ecovery of various solvents from miscella

iii. Petrochemical industries

The main demands set by the chemical industry to suppliers of complete plant

systems are high safety level,consideration for the need to lin* individual production

stages, maximum plant operating time, the economic use energy and competence in

problem solving.


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Areas of application

i. (ectification of fatty acid+ methyl ester mixtures

ii. (ectification of caprolactam and glycin

iii. )hloroform + butanol rectification with concentration of resin

iv. Separation of ethanol + phenol from impregnating solvent

v. Separation of fatty acid esternal+ ethylhexanol mixtures

iv. Environment Industries

Areas of Application

i. recovery of trichloroethylene from effluents containing latex.

ii. ammonia stripping and rectification from liquid manure

iii. propene carbonate )")%substitute- in the manufacture of printed circuits

iv. recovery of ethanol + acetone from manufacturing effluent

v. Pharmaceutical Industries

The number of solvents handled in this area of applications is particularly large and

the range in plant capacity is considerable. Areas of application of distillation are on

i. dimethylacetamide recovery

ii. concentration of residue,

iii. butanol recovery from broth extracts

iv. concentration of antibiotics with methanol recovery.

vi. Alcohol Industries

(aw materials containing starch and sugar are principally used in the manufacture of

bio%alcohol. The alcohol which is produced is used in a wide variety of areas, for

example

i. The pharmaceutical industry.

ii. The cosmetics industry.


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iii. The beverages industry.

iv. 'ixed with petrol as an octane enhancer.

v. The chemical industry as a source material for basic chemical substances such as

aldehyde, acetic acid and ethyl acetate.

Areas of application for distillation

i. #urification of raw alcohol for the production of neutral and fine grade alcohol

ii. Dehydration absolution- of alcohol

iii. 'anufacture of potable alcohol from raw materials containing sugar and starch

iv. "urther processing of alcohol into alcohol derivatives such as acetaldehyde, acetic

acid etc.

v. )ombinations of alcohol lines including plants for the manufacture of ba*ers yeast,

gluten, and glucose

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