INDUSTRIAL WASTE

SOURCES• it is caused by emission of

industrial waste [effluent] into water bodies. It is the main source –of water pollution

• Industrial waste includes organic pollutants &toxic chemical. i.e heavy metals

• Acid & alkalies• Oils,lubricant,petroleum &grease• Industrial waste enters from- • Iron & steel industry• Food industry • Mines• Organic chemical industries –which

includes paints ,dyes,pesticides,detergents,paper etc.

POLLUTANTS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE

•HEAVY METALS1. LEAD2. MERCURY

PAINT INDUSTRY,SMELTINGCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

•LEAD INHIBIT ACTION OF BODILY ENZYMES•MERCURY TRANSFORMS INTO WATER SOLUBLE METHYLMERCURY BY BACTERIAL ACTION &THUS CONTAMINATES FISH

•ACIDS1. SULPHIRIC ACID

MINE DRAINAGE ACID CAUSES CORROSION OF METAL & CONCRETE

•ALKALIES TEXTILE &PAPER INDUSTRY ALKALIES IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE AFFECTS AQUATIC LIFE

•OIL OIL REFINERIES OIL WASTE IS HARMFUL FOR FISH & MARINE BIRDS

•PETROCHEMICAL PETROLEUM PLANTS PETROCHEMICAL ARE TOXIC TO MARINE LIFE

THREE TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

• FOOD INDUSTRY• ORGANIC

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

• IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY

Food industryThe constituents of food &

agricultural waste water are often complex to predict

Vegetable washing – generate waste water with –increased particulate matter

Animal processing- generate waste water with – added antibiotics,pesticides etc.

Organic chemistry industry

• These industries manufracture or use , complex organic chemicals which includes pesticides ,paints,detergent,plastics etc. the organic chemicals contaminate waste water with –reactant material, by products, cleaning agents etc.

IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY

• Conservation of iron to steel , contaminates waste water with – hydraulic oils. Treating iron & steel products for galvanizing [coating with zinc] or chromium plating results in acidic rinse waters in waste waters

Causes of water pollution

• Off shore drilling • Offshore drilling involves

exploring of oil and gas beneath the ocean floor. Before drilling an offshore oil-well, geologist first locate the wells using magnetic surveys . This is followed by drilling –‘exploratory wells’ to find out if there is a source of oil below . On discovery of oil or gas a – ‘production well’ is drilled and an ‘oil ring’ is built to replace the exploratory drilling rig.

Sources of water pollution from off shore oil drilling are:

• Drilling fluid• Drilling mud or fluid is pumped into the

well during drilling to cool, lubricate and regulate the pressure while drilling .Residual drilling is claimed to be toxic and contains heavy metals and petroleum products of various concentrations

• Impact of drilling fluid-it affects the health and reproduction of marine animals

• Oil spills or leaks• It is the leakage of oil and petroleum

products into sea water due to accidents of ships and oil tankers or leakages of pipelines or storage tanks . They occur when oil is produced –from offshore well and stored temporarily or may also happen during transportation by pipes or tankers

• Other sources-oil refineries ,petrochemical plants, automobile waste etc

Impact of pollution

• Damage caused by oil spills-on marine organisms

• -fish , reptiles ,amphibians and birds that live in or near the ocean are badly affected by oil wastes which may contain volatile organic compounds.

• -oil spills deteriorates –thermal insulation and damages reproductive system . Gills of fish get coated with oil leading to their death . it interrupts the food chain, which may cause extinction of species. It penetrates birds feathers and affects its buoyancy. Oil spreads on water surface and thus reduces the amount of oxygen in water . On reaching coast it harms coastal marine life.

Control of pollution

• Methods to improve offshore oil drilling – to reduce water pollution

• Apply a complete environmental assessment analysis before oil drilling

• Use drilling fluids which are biodegradable and have low aquatic toxicity .

• Develop better pollution control measures which include removal of oil by skimming or filtering ,dispersing oil into smaller droplets and removing ‘oil clumps’by using cogulating agents.

Treatment of water pollution-from domestic sewage and industrial waste

• A typical waste water system for sewage i.e. waste water generated from house hold activity consist of a network of wastes

• Sewer lateral pipe-is waste water pipe which collects sewage from house hold.

• Sewer main pipe-is the larger pipe on main street which connects from sewer lateral pipe. The waste water from sewer main pipe is then led to – water treatment plant .

B.Treatment of waste water - basic water treatment plant

• process• Wastes removed from water • screen• Large waste material-such as leaves,rocks,twigs,etc.are easily removed • 2.coagulation• Coagulated suspended impurities – are removed by adding coagulants,which settle

out are-removed before filtration of water• 3.sedimentation• Solid suspended particle – settle down in sedimentation tank• 4.Biological treatment• Biodegradable waste i.e. dissolved and suspended biological matter –is treated with

water-borne microbes which metabolize the organic matter in waste giving an easily removable solid mass and inorganic end products.

• 5.filtration• Remaining pollutants-are removed by passing water through sand and gravel filters• 6.disinfection• Remaining pathogen-are killed by liquid chlorine

Water treatment plant

MAIN THREE STAGES OF WATER TREATMENT

• Primary treatment• Materials removed: organic and inorganic solids• Method:• Sedimentation{for suspended solids}• Skimmimng{for light solids,oil&grease}• Secondary treatment• Materials removed: dissolved and suspended biological matter• Method:• Biological oxidation of organic matter• Micro organisms break down chemical matter• Chlorine kills the Micro organisms• • Tertiary treatment• Materials removed: any remaining chemicals, minerals or organic matter• Method:• Physical disinfection• Uses of chemicals• Final disinfection:with usage of ozone disinfection &UV treatments•

Industrial effluent treatment methods

• Oil and grease: oil water seperator• Acids and alkallies:neutralization under controlled

conditions• Organic materials in waste water:distillation& absorbtionBio degradable organics:i. Activated sludge process(aerobic biochemical

process)ii. Biological trickling filter process