Industrialization

IndustrializationI. IndustrializationA. _______________1. Early 19th c a. no electricity, refrigeration b. slow communications 2. Late 19th c. a. oil – new energy b. electric light – _____________ i. 1890’s – in homes, factories c. telegraph – _______________ i. Western Union Co. d. telephone – ______________

Industrialization 3. Railroads a. 1869 – ________________ b. 1883 –

________________________ c. Led to growth of new businesses i. ______________________ d. faster, cheaper shipping 4. ________________ Process a. Cheaper way to make steel b. new construction i. _________________(1883) ii. skyscrapers

Industrialization

B. “Big” Business 1. __________________ a. based on Darwin’s

theory of evolution b. used to justify

___________________policy of gov’t

c. businesses compete, best would survive => maximize profits

d. anti-__________

Industrialization

2. new kinds of businesses a. ______________ i. one company controlled the market ii. bought out/drove out competition b. ______________ i. few companies controlled market

Industrialization

3. Steel Industry (1870s’) a. __________________ b. bought out companies connected to his (_________ integration) c. 1901-produced 80% of steel in US

Industrialization

4. Oil Industry (1870’s) a. _____________________ b. bought out competing companies (___________ integration) c. ______ – several companies ran as one large one (monopoly) d. 1880 – controlled 90% of market e. paid _______ wages, destroyed competition

Industrialization

5. Banking Industry (1900’s) a. __________________ 6. Railroad Industry a. __________________

Industrialization 7. ___________________or Captains of Industry a. Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt i. “_______ guys” – low wages, kill competition, only profits matter ii. “_______ guys” – create jobs, new products, gave to charities - ____________: Carnegie’s “gospel of wealth”

Industrialization

8. Government Responsea. _________ Antitrust Act (1880) i. interfering w/free trade(competition) is ________ ii. law not enforced for a whileb. some politicians wanted to keep monopolies together

Labor MovementC. Labor Movement1. Factory Worka. long hoursb. strict _______________________c. entire_____________ worked in

different areasd. loud, dirty, dangerouse. best paying jobs2. big gap b/t ___________________f. some pushed to replace _____________

with __________(gov’t ownership of businesses; spread out wealth

g. some wanted keep capitalism but reform it

Labor Movement3. Labor Unionsa. _________________(1869) i. open to all workers ii. 8 hr. day; end child laborb. ________________________ (AFL) (1886) i. _______________________ ii. ______________ union - for skilled workers only iii. ______________________– group negotiations iv. strikes

Labor Movement

c. American Railway Union (1893) i. __________________ ii. __________union – for skilled/unskilled workersd. Industrial Workers of the World (__________) (1905) i. ____________ workers ii. leaders connected to ____________

Labor Movement

4. Employers Reaction to Unionsa. ___________________ i. to get job, promise to not join unionb. __________________ i. court order to end a strike

Labor Movement5. Strikesa. Railroad Strike (1877) i. first time President will send _____________ to end strikeb. ________________________ (1886) i. Chicago – union protest against McCormick plant ii. riot b/t protestors and police iii. country associating unions w/__________, ___________

Labor Movementc. Homestead Strike (1892) i. _________________(private police) hired by company to break steel striked. Pullman Strike (1894) i. rr car company; strike interrupted ______________ ii. injunction issued to end strike; President sent troops iii. gov’t used Sherman Antitrust Act against ______________

Labor Movement

e. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) i. locked doors trapped workers ii. pressure on ____________ to look into factory working conditions

The Guilded Age

The Guilded Age

II. Politics, Immigration, CitiesA. Politics1. ____________________ policya.no/few gov’t rules or regulations on businessb. first discussed in The Wealth of Nations (1776) – _________________2. Scandals (1870’s)a. Credit Mobilier – ______________ set up by rr owners, politicians to sell stock/make $

The Guilded Age

3. Two Party System (1870’s-1920’s)a. ______________ – business, bankers, North, Midwest - tight money supply, gold standard, _______tariffs, limits on immigrationb. _______________ – factory workers, immigrants, South, Westc. most states supported D or R; some were swing states (Ohio, NY)d. “waving the bloody shirt”- ____________Party strategy in elections to get votes by blaming Democrats for ________________

The Guilded Age

4. Reforming the _____________________a. spoils system – rewarding friends w/jobs b. 1881 – Pres. Garfield shot by person passed over for gov’t jobc. 1883 – ______________________________i. civil service – gov’t jobs; must be qualified;

pass testd. 1884 – first__________elected president since before Civil War (Cleveland)

The Guilded Age

5. New Gov’t Regulations (RR)a. _____________________ i. Munn v. Illinois – states can regulate intra-state trade ii. Wabash v. Illinois – fed.gov’t can regulate inter-state trade (RR)b. _____________________ i. Interstate Commerce Act6. Election of 1896a. who won? - ________________ (Republican back in)b. 1901 – assassinated in Buffalo

Immigration

Immigration

B. Immigration1. Trip to Americaa. 1860-1920 – 30 million

new immigrantsb. 1865-1890: northern,

central Europe i. _____________________ c. 1890-1920: southern, eastern Europe i. _____________________ ii. religious persecution (Russian Jews); new start

Immigration

2. _________________(NY)a. main entry point to

process immigrants from __________ i. had to pass physical

b. settled mostly in northern cities

i. South? – too much _____________ for jobs

Immigration3. __________________ (SF)a. immigrants from _______b. ___________ tried to keep Chinese out who worked for less pay4. Reaction to Immigrationa. _____________ – political movement favoring native-born Americansb. ____________________ (1882) i. first law to limit immigrant groupc. ________________________ i. limit on Japanese immigrants

Urbanization

UrbanizationC. Growth of _____________1. 1880-1920 a. new immigrantsb. migration from _________, South => 11 million to ________2. cities grow _____and ______a. Elevatorsb. first skyscraper c. growth of ___________ due

to – better public ___________________

i. subways, elevated trains, cable cars

Urbanization

3. City Lifea. ______________ - multi-

family apartment buildings

b. overcrowded, dirty, diseases, crimec. How the Other Half Lives (1890)-_________ i. brought attention to life in tenements, cities

Urbanization4. Politics in Citiesa. political ____________ –

organizations to keep party in power

b. hand out jobs, favors in exchange for ______

i. __________________(NY)c. machine ran by “boss” i. _____________________d. machines attacked in newspapers – political cartoons i. _____________________

Urbanization

Urbanization

5. Reformsa. tenement conditions awfulb. ____________________Mov

ement i. Christian values to improve societyc. _____________________ Movement i. ____________________ ii. community centers to get assistance iii. _____________(Chicago)

Urbanizationd. __________________ Movement i. stop sale, use of _____________ ii. Women’s Christian Temperance Union; Anti-Saloon League iii. Carry Nation iii. linked drinking, bars w/_________ behavioriv. _____________ – saloons were places to get news, use phone, socialize

Urbanization

e. ______laws (gambling, drugs, prostitution) i. Comstock Law - illegal to send obscene material in mail ii. __________________ fought law – sent __________________ information to women

20th Century

20th Century

III. Turn of the CenturyA. Education1. public schoolsa. 1870 – _______________

diploma rareb. 1910 – most kids in

school i. one room school, one teacher ii. learn English, culture, patriotism (become “________________”)

20th Century2. Collegea. still only for a fewb. more opportunities for _________c. some opportunities for

____________________________3. African-Americansd. views on education i. ________________________skills - economic equality first - _______________________ - Tuskegee Institute ii. liberal arts education - _____________________ equality - _____________________ - Niagara Movement (1905) – civil rights group

20th CenturyB. Entertainment1. Recreationa. ____________ i. The Great Train Robbery (1903) ii. The Birth of a Nation (1915) – __________ iii. silent filmsb. amusement parksc. sports i. _______, football, boxingd. new ___________ i. Hershey Bars, Coca Cola

20th Century

2. Print Mediaa. __________________ i. more entertainment – comics, sports ii. ________ journalism- cover more scandals, crimes to sell papers - _______________ - _______________

20th Century

b. “rags to riches” stories i. __________________c. Books i.Huck Finn(Mark Twain)

20th CenturyC. ________________________1. discrimination after

______________________a. Voting i. __________________________ to stop blacks from voting b. segration i. ______________(in fact) – races separated by custom ii. _____________(by law) – races separated by laws => ___________________laws iii. separate schools, theatres, hospitals, transportation

20th Centuryc. ______________________ (1896) i. segregation legal as long as separate facilities are equal (“__________________” ok)d. _________________ i. wrote about _________ in the Southe. North i. start of Great Migration - blacks moving North ii. ____________segregation

20th Century

2. Fighting Discriminationa. different methods i. ___________ – first AA to visit White House (early 1900’s) ii. George Washington Carver – educatorb. ______________ (1910) i. civil rights group ii. DuBois

20th Century

D. Role of Women1. work in ____________a. buying more things i. department stores - _________________ ii. Woolworth’s iii. Sears, Robuck, and Co.b. advertising – targeted ___________

20th Century

2. work outside homea. mostly ______ womenb. less payc. nursing, teaching, secretarial3. new ________________d. clothes, looks,

behavior changede. ______________ w/out

supervisionf. more active in politics – working for right to ____