industry: the maufacturing of goods in a factory
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INDUSTRY:The maufacturing of goods in a factory
Industrial Revolution:A series of inventions that brought new uses to known energy sources, new machines to improve efficiencies and enable other new inventions.
eg. steam engine, iron smelting, water pump
Beginning of Industrial RevolutionWhen and where did the industrial revolution begin?
In Great Britain in the mid to late 1700s
Why Great Britain?Flow of capitalSecond agricultural revolutionMercantilism and cottage industriesResources: coal, iron ore, and water power
Ironbridge, EnglandWorld’s first bridge made entirely of cast iron, constructed in late 1700s.
Diffusion to Mainland EuropeEarly 1800s, innovations diffused into mainland Europe.
Location criteria: proximity to coal fieldsconnection via water to a portflow of capital
Later DiffusionLate 1800s, innovations diffused to some regions without coal.
Location criteria: access to railroadflow of capital
Where is industry distributed?Less than one percent of Earth’s land is devoted
to industry (25% to agriculture)
¾ of industrial production is concentrated in four regions:Northwestern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern North AmericaEast Asia
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Western Europe United Kingdom
Home of the Industrial Revolution
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North AmericaPittsburgh-Lake Erie
Coal and Iron in the Appalachians
Steel production attracted more industry
Western Great LakesAutomobilesTransportation
St. Lawrence ValleyClose to Canadian MarketsClose to Niagara FallsClose to Great Lakes
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Major Manufacturing Regions of North America
East Asia
Isolated from world markets
Access to portsLarge labor force
working for cheapGrew based on
production of cheap exports
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The distribution of Industry Situation factors
Proximity to inputsProximity to
markets
Site FactorsLabor Land Capital
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Proximity to Markets and the U.S.
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How has Industry changed since the industrial revolution?
Ford and the assembly line: dominant mode of mass production during the twentieth century, production of consumer goods at a single site.
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Post-FordistPost-Fordist: Current mode
of production More flexible set of
production practices Production is accelerated
and dispersed by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world.
Time-Space Compression
Through improvementsin transportation andCommunicationstechnologies, manyplaces in the world aremore connected than
ever before.
Time-Space CompressionJust-in-time delivery
Rather than keeping a large inventory of components or products, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly when needed.
Global division of laborCorporations can draw from labor around the globe for different components of production.
Where is industry expanding?Southern and Western U.S.
Lack of unionsCheap labor Opening of western ports
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• From Cities to Suburbs• Cheap land• Factory layout
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