Industry & Transportation

SWBAT • Explain key developments in industry

and transportation during the early 1800s

Do Now: How can improved transportation and technology change the development of the US, socially, politically and economically?

Your Task

• Read the station assigned to you and complete the “Reading Questions” accordingly

• Each station group will choose a speaker and that person will present the information found in the reading

Sectionalism

SWBAT • Explain geographic and economic

factors that contributed to sectionalism

Do Now

• What differences exist between the North and the South today?

Industrial Revolution • Began in Great Britain during 1700s

• British banned the export of their machinery

• Why would a country do this?

Industrial Revolution • British wouldn’t let people emigrate

who had machinery knowledge

• Samuel Slater moved to US built nation’s first textile mill (thread) in Pawtucket, RI

Industrial Revolution • Francis Cabot Lowell- gathered

secret info from Britain while visiting developed mill in Waltham, MA to manufacture cloth

Industrial Revolution

• Increased pace of work

• Divided labor

• Reduced amount of skill required

• Factory workers benefitted b/c unskilled workers were easy to find

Industrial Revolution • Interchangeable parts improved

efficiency, components could be used as multiple parts

• Agriculture remained largest industry • Farmers adopted better methods for

planting/harvesting crops • John Deere- invented steel plow

Sectionalism

• Sectionalism- a person’s loyalty is to the state or region rather than the nation as a whole

• In the 1830s and 1840s, sectionalism in the US grew between the North and South

Sectionalism • Your Task:

- With a partner you are to use the information sheets about the North & South to complete your web diagrams

*DISCUSS the information you feel is important, then review that info with your partner before filling in your diagram

Sectionalism • Review Web Diagrams as a class

Fall Lines

Piedmont

NORTH SOUTH Urban/Industrial Agriculture/No Industry

Factory system Plantation life/cotton

Pro-Federal Gov Pro-States Rights

Against expansion of slavery in new territories

For expansion of slavery in new territories

Pro-tariffs Anti-tariffs

Good transportation (canals/rail)

Resent dependence on Northern manufacturing

Large pop./immigrants Small population

Urban problems (gap between rich & poor)

Less wealthy than North (overall)

Wrap-Up • How might these differences between

the North and South contribute to the Civil War?

• In what ways does sectionalism still exist in the US?

Social Change in the North

Do Now: Are strikes still used today? If so, when have you seen/heard of them used?

Social Change in the North

• Workers begin to organize Labor Unions - sought laws to limit the hours of the working day, better pay, & better working conditions - went on strike to force these conditions

Social Change in the North • “Lowell Girls” went on strike

demanding NO wage cuts

- left their jobs, but returned accepting the low pay • Why would someone do this?

Social Change in the North • Middle Class Emerges- bankers,

lawyers, accountants, brokers, retailers

- above working class, below upper class

- moved into neighborhoods outside city (segregated suburbs)

- wives & mothers stayed at home & didn’t have to work

Social Change in the North • “Old Immigration”: Irish & Germans

- PUSH/PULL Factors

• Irish settled in Northeastern cities

• Germans moved west to farm

PUSH PULL

• Potato Famine/ Starvation

• Revolution

• Opportunity • Peace and Stability

Social Change in the North • Increased population produced

political & social strains

• Immigrants clustered in shabby neighborhoods

• Competition for jobs & housing

• Catholics faced prejudice from Protestant majority

Social Change in the North • Nativism- belief that native-born are

better than immigrants

• What led to the rise of nativism in the US in the early 1800s?

- competition in the workforce

Wrap Up • Using your knowledge

from the last lesson and today, summarize how did the North and South differed during the first half of the 1800s (think: social, political, economic differences)?