infant mortality rate in india
TRANSCRIPT
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DEFINITION
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Important indicator of the health status of acommunity and also the level of living ofpeople
Effectiveness of MCH services
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Largest single age category of mortality Death in this group are due to particular set
of diseases and conditions to which adultpopulation is less exposed
Affected rather quickly and directly byspecific health programmes
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Wikipedia.com
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COUNTRY 1990 2011India 83 47
Sri Lanka 26 11
Bangladesh 105 37
Pakistan 102 59Thailand 26 11
Myanmar 91 48
China 36 13
Nepal 99 39
New zealand 9 5
USA 9 6
UK 8 4
Japan 5 2
World 64 37
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The data shows there has been a steadydecline in infant mortality all over the world
World average of IMR for 2011 estimated atabout 37 per 1000 live birth
However, IMR varies from 5/1000 live birthin developed countries to 69/1000 live birthin sub saharan countries
Although IMR declined significantly, the dropwas greatest for developed countries andlowest for least developed countries
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Variation between developed and developingcountries in death among newborns due to
differences in ANC Half of all pregnant women in least developed countries
have no ANC
7out of 10 babies are born without help of trained birth
attendant Other major factors being malnutrition, high
parity of mother, LBW baby and congenitalanomalies
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Overall decline in IMR is attributed to Family planning
Improved obstetric and perinatal care
Improve in quality of life Better control of communicable diseases
Advances in chemotherapy, antibiotics etc
Better nutrition by emphasis on breast feeding
Dominant factor for decline in IMR in industrialcountries was economic and social progress withmedical services on secondary role
In developing countries is mainly due to medicalservices
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IMR in india- 46.05 in year 2012 IMR declines slowly from 130/1000 live birth
in 1971 to 114 in 1980 and coming down to47 in the year 2010
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NEONATAL MORTALITY POST-NEONATAL MORTALITY1.LBW & prematurity 1. Diarrhoeal diseases
2. Birth injury and difficult labour 2. ARI3. sepsis 3.Other communicable diseases
4. Congenital anomalies 4. Malnutrition
5. Haemolytic disease of new born 5. Congenital anomalies
6. Condition of placenta and chord 6. Accidents
7. Diarrhoeal diseases
8. ARI
9. Tetanus
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BIOLOGICAL FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS
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Biological factors include
Birth weight
Age of mother
Birth orderBirth spacing
Multiple birth
Family sizeHigh fertility
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Socio economic status
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Breast feeding Religion and caste
Early marriage
Sex of child
Quality of mothering Maternal education
Quality of health care
Broken Families
Illegitimacy Brutal habits and customs
Indigenous dai
Bad environmental sanitation
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Prenatal nutrition
Prevention of infection
Breast feeding
Risk of death begins to appear even before birth if the
mother is malnourished
Providing additional nutrition will increase the infants
birth weight and decrease mortality
By proper immunisation
Most effective method of lowering IMR which safeguard
against GI and respiratory infection and PEM
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Growth monitoring
Family planning
Sanitation
All infants should weighted periodically and their growth chartmaintained
This help to identify children at risk of malnutrition early
Family limitation and spacing of birth will lower infant mortality
Exposure to infection through contaminated food and
polluted water, flies and poor housing pose hazards will
increase risk of infant death
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Provision of primary health care
Socio economic development
All those involved in maternity care should collaborate and workas a team
Prenatal care must be improved with a view to detecting mothers
with high risk factors and those with high risk must be
hospitalized
Special care baby units must be provided for all babies weighing
less than 2000g Proper referral services
Include spread of education, improvement of nutritionalstandards, provision of safe water and basic sanitation,
improvement of housing conditions, growth of agriculture and
industry, availability of commerce and communication
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Educating women will decrease the infantmortality