Infection Control Employee Health

Beverly Hood, MT Infection Control

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Objectives

Learner will understand basic practices of infection prevention with emphasis on proper hand hygiene

Learner can discuss the concept of standard precautions and explain the 3 types of isolation precautions giving examples of each

Learner will understand how to avoid exposure to blood or body fluid. Engineering and work safety controls will be discussed, along with the process for handling blood/body fluid exposures.

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The best way to protect yourself from most infections??

HAND HYGIENE!!

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2 ways to clean your hands:

Washing with soap and water

Sanitizing with an alcohol-based hand rub

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When to wash??

If hands visibly soiled

After using restroom-ALWAYS!

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How to wash?? Get paper towel ready (IMPORTANT!) Wet hands Apply soap; scrub 15-20 seconds Rinse Dry Use paper towel as BARRIER to turn off

faucet, open door

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When to use hand sanitizers: After removing PPE

Going from room to room

After touching specimen containers, etc.

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What about acrylic fingernails?

Acrylic nails should not be worn by any direct patient caregiver

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Isolation Precautions Contact—organisms spread by touch MRSA (Staph.), VRE, Clostridium difficile Droplet—droplets carrying organisms in air

within 3 ft of patient (influenza, Strep throat) Airborne—droplet nuclei in air, just like

“floating dust particles” (tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles)

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Tuberculosis Symptoms Persistent cough (>3 weeks) Unexplained weight loss Night sweats Fever Chest pain Fatigue Coughing up blood04/08/15 10

What to do if symptom screen positive??

Most important: MASK THE PATIENT!!

Notify the physician04/08/15 11

Negative pressure room

Air not recirculated into hospital

>6 air exchanges per hour

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N95 mask Wear upon entering a negative

pressure room

Fit testing/fit checking

Reusable

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What does a positive TB skin test mean?

You’ve been exposed!!It doesn’t mean you have activedisease or can infect others(unless you have symptoms).

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Risk Assessment for TB

P&S Surgical Hospital is a low risk facility: Any potential TB patient is immediately

transferred to SFMC Rare or no employee skin test

conversionsThis low risk status requires us to performemployee TB testing only once annually.

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Standard Precautions

Pretend every patient is infected with a bloodborne pathogen like HIV, hepatit is B, or hepatit is C. Treat all with respect and caution. Use barriers and safety devices when performing tasks with exposure potential

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Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control PlanDetails how to work as safely as possible

Risk of transmission of bloodborne viruses (organisms carried in blood that cause disease):HIV <1:1000Hepatitis C: <2%Hepatitis B: up to 30% if unvaccinated

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Hepatitis B Vaccine Made from yeast Renders lifetime immunity to more than

95% of people who get the series of 3 injections

Given in the arm: an initial, 1 month later, the last 6 months after initial

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Engineering Controls Autoclaves, sterilizers Biological safety cabinets Special tools: safetyglide needles,

needleless IV systems, safety cannulas and butterflies, etc.

Special containers such as sharps boxes, regulated waste bags, biohazard laundry bags

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Work Practice Controls

How to perform your job safely

Handle sharps carefully Minimize splashing Keep food and drinks away from infectious material Cover cuts and scrapes Wear PPE (personal protective equipment) when

needed

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Universal Biohazard Symbol

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What is regulated waste?? If you can squeeze blood/body fluid out

of it, it’s regulated waste If dried blood could flake off it, it’s

regulated waste Used sharps like blades, needles,

razors, etc. Microbiological and pathological waste

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Cleaning/disinfecting

Blood/BBF spills:Can use hospital-approved disinfectant such as

Cavicide (preferred)Or 10% bleach, made fresh daily

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I’VE BEEN STUCK!!!!!!!

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What to do??

Wash the site

Notify your Manager ; complete an occurrence report

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Employee Health

Latex allergy Influenza Vaccine Varicella Vaccine for high risk

staff Illness reporting Hepatitis B Vaccine04/08/15 26

What have you learned??

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What’s the best way to protect yourself from most infections?

a. Wear a maskb. Stay at home, away from crowdsc. Practice hand hygiene, either washing

or sanitizingd. Take antibiotics

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When do you practice Standard Precautions?

a. When you know a patient has HIVb. When you’re taking care of a patient in

the Surgery Dept.c. When a patient is first admittedd. All the time

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What’s the most important thing to do when you suspect a patient has tuberculosis?

a. Runb. Put a mask onc. Put a mask on the patientd. Call the physician

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How often are our employees tested for tuberculosis?

a. Just once, the day they’re hiredb. Every quarterc. Annuallyd. At least annually, based upon the risk

assessment of the hospital

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What kind of blood/body fluid exposure is considered the most serious?

a. Any kindb. Urine in the facec. A patient biting youd. A patient’s blood touches your blood

(blood to blood contact)

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What’s the first thing to do if you have a BBF exposure?

a. Wash the siteb. Go to SFMC Emergency Dept.c. Fill out an incident reportd. Put bleach on the site

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Hepatitis B vaccine is offered to which employees?

a. Allb. Nursing staffc. People who draw blood from patientsd. Risk Category 1 depts. (staff who are

at risk of blood exposures)

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