infection control measures
DESCRIPTION
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INFECTION INFECTION CONTROL CONTROL
MEASURESMEASURES
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DEFENITIONDEFENITION• MEASURES PRACTICED BY HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL TO PREVENT SPREAD ,TRANSMISSION AND ACQUISITION OF INFECTION BETWEEN CLIENTS,FROM HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS TO CLIENTS AND FROM CLIENTS TO HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
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• INFECTION COTROL MEASURES ARE BASED ON HOW AN INFECTIOUS AGENT IS TRANSMITTED . INCLUDES … STANDARD PRECAUTIONS ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS
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STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Specific precautions designed to prevent harmful bacteria and viruses
from infecting people who are providing first aid or health care.
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STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS
• As defined by CDC: • Standard Precautions are a set of
practices designed to prevent the transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B and other blood borne pathogens (bacteria and viruses).
• Under SP, blood and other body fluids of all patients are considered potentially infectious.
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Body Fluids IncludeBody Fluids Include::• Blood• Vomit• Saliva• Stool (feces)• Urine• Drainage from
nose or sinuses
• Drainage from cuts, scrapes, wounds or sores
• Secretions from mucous membranes
• Sputum (mucus from lungs)
• Vaginal secretions• Semen
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Standard Precaution StepsStandard Precaution Steps
• Personal Protective Equipment• Decontamination• Hand Washing• Waste Disposal
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Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment
• “specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials”
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Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment
• Gloves• Aprons
• Gowns
• Protective eyewear
• Face shields
• Masks
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Gloves...Gloves...Always wear gloves when …
• Direct contact with body fluids is anticipated (nosebleeds, bleeding abrasions, etc.)
• Handling clothes soiled by urine, feces, vomit or blood
• Diapering children
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Gloves…Gloves…• One time use.• If gloves not immediately available, use
barrier such as paper towels.• When removing, peel off hands and roll
glove outside in. • Discard gloves in lined trash container.
• Wash hands after removing gloves.
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Key Points About PPEKey Points About PPE
• Done before contact with the patient, generally before entering the room
• Use carefully – don’t spread contamination
• Remove and discard carefully, either at the doorway or immediately outside patient room; remove respirator outside room
• Immediately perform hand hygiene
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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Factors Influencing PPE Factors Influencing PPE SelectionSelection
• Type of exposure anticipated
– Splash/spray versus touch
– Category of isolation precautions
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Sequence for Removing PPESequence for Removing PPE
• Gloves
• Face shield or goggles
• Gown
• Mask or respirator
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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: Decontamination: Decontamination• Area must be cleaned with approved quaternary
disinfectant – Clorox wipes and Lysol type products will kill many infectious organisms but will not kill blood borne pathogens.
• Contact custodian for clean-up of blood or body fluid “spills”.
• Discard gloves and any contaminated materials in a lined trash container.
• Wash Hands.
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Hand washingHand washing
The MOST IMPORTANT STEP
Use liquid soap and warm water.
Wash vigorously for 10 – 15 seconds.
Rinse under warm running water.
.
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Waste DisposalWaste Disposal
• Proper handling and disposal of needles.
• Taking precautions to prevent injury from scalpels, needles, and other sharp instruments.
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Waste DisposalWaste Disposal
• Bag and tie• Place in second bag and tie again
(double bag technique)
• Place all sharps (used needles) in sharps container.
• Wash hands after removing gloves.
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Flow Chart - Disposal of Wastes at Flow Chart - Disposal of Wastes at the Health Facilitythe Health Facility
Disposal of Injection Related Wastes
WrapperNeedles / broken ampoules / cutter
(sharps)
Needle Cap / Syringes (after
hub cut), gloves, IV set
Swabs
Green BagWhite Translucent
Puncture Proof Container
Blue Bag Yellow Bag
Municipal wastes
Disinfectant / Autoclaving &
Shredding & Sharp Pit
Disinfectant / Autoclaving, Shredding &
Recycling
Incineration/ Burial
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ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONSADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS• Respiratory hygiene/cough hygiene
• Environmental cleaning
• Handling of patient care equipment
• Injection safety
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU