Infectious CoryzaA peril to poultry

Sakina RubabDoctor of Veterinary Medicine

Introduction

• World wide disease of chickens• Reported in quails and pheasants too• USA : pullets, layers and broilers• Pakistan: 3 weeks old chicks are affected

Etiology

• Avibacterium paragallinarum( Haemophilus paragallinarum )

• gram-negative• pleomorphic• non-motile• catalase-negative• microaerophilic rod: requires nicotinamide

adenine dinucleotide (V-factor) for in vitro growth.

Epidemiology

• Ill birds: reservoirs• All ages of chicken are susceptible• Incubation period:1-3 days• Disease course:2-3weeks• Mortality 20%

Transmission

• Direct contact, airborne droplets, and contamination of drinking water.

• Egg transmission does not occur.

Clinical findings • Facial swelling.• Infra orbital sinusitis• Oedema of face, around eyes• Oedema of wattles and intermadibular space in male birds• Purulent ocular and nasal discharge• Sneezing• Dyspnoea• Loss in condition• Drop in egg production of 10-40%• Inappetance• Depression• Diarrhoea

Lacrimation

Adherence of lids

Swollen wattles in male birds

Ocular discharge

Nasal discharge

Swollen wattles (lateral view)

Swollen wattles (front view)

Postmortem lesions

• Catarrhal inflammation of nasal passages and sinuses

• Conjunctivitis• Eye-lid adherence• Caseous yellowish material in sinuses• Tracheitis• Bronchitis• Airsacculitis

Caseous material in sinuses

airsacculitis

Haemorrhagic trachea

Histopathology

The histopathologic response of respiratory organs consists of disintegration and hyperplasia of mucosal and glandular epithelia and oedema with infiltration of heterophils, macrophages, and mast cells.

Diagnosis

• Isolation of a gram-negative bacterium. • Catalase test• Polymerase Chain Reaction• Haemagglutination-inhibition (best)

Differential diagnosis

• Mycoplasmosis: Chronic respiratory disease: no involvement of infraorbital sinuses, in turkeys: infra orbital sinuses are involved’

• Infectious laryngotracheitis: no involvement of infraorbital sinuses

• Newcastle disease: nervous signs• Fowl cholera: no respiratory signs• Infectious Bronchitis: caseous plug at

bifurcation of bronchi

Treatment

• Streptomycin and Lincomycin ( Lincospectin)• Sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim

(Sulfatrim)• Tylosine ( Tylosan)• Erythromycin (Erythrocin)• Oxytetracycline (Oxy-LA)• Quinolones: Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin)

Control

• Sound management and isolation.• Replacements should be raised on the same farm or

obtained from clean flocks.• If replacement pullets are to be placed on a farm that has

a history of infectious coryza, bacterins are available to help prevent and control the disease.

• Vaccination should be completed 4 weeks before infectious coryza usually breaks out on the individual farm.

• Controlled exposure to live organisms also has been used to immunize layers in endemic areas.

Vaccines against infectious coryza

References

• http://www.thepoultrysite.com/diseaseinfo/82/infectious-coryza/

• http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/poultry/infectious_coryza/overview_of_infectious_coryza_in_chickens.html

• https://www.lah.de/Infectious-Coryza.89.0.html• http://www.poultryhub.org/health/disease/types-of-dis

ease/infectious-coryza/• http://www.beautyofbirds.com/bacterialandviraldiseas

es.htm• http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/8/1139.full.pdf

+html• http://msucares.com/poultry/diseases/diseases.html• http://learn.chm.msu.edu/vibl/content/catalase.html• Pictures by Dr Jaime Ruiz, Cornell University and

www.poultryhealthcentre.com

Thank you