infinite campus update: electron movement and arrangement study guide (10pts.) electron...

Infinite Campus Update:Infinite Campus Update:•Electron movement and arrangement study guide (10pts.) •Electron Configuration 2012 worksheet (15pts.)•Electron properties, movement, and arrangement Exam (40pts.)

Periodic Table: Electron Periodic Table: Electron ConfigurationConfiguration

• Period (rows): represents energy levels •Groups (columns): represents sublevels •An Element Square: spot for an electron

Periodic Table: Electron Periodic Table: Electron ConfigurationConfigurationHe:

S:

Mn:

Periodic Table: Electron Periodic Table: Electron ConfigurationConfigurationO:

Se:

Ag:

Short-Hand Electron Short-Hand Electron ConfigurationConfiguration Ag: [Kr]5s24d9

Se:

Short-Hand Electron Short-Hand Electron ConfigurationConfiguration Mo:

Kr:

Short-Hand Electron Short-Hand Electron ConfigurationConfiguration

Short-Hand Electron Short-Hand Electron Configuration Configuration •Short -hand configuration targets valence electrons

Ex. Sulfur (S): [ Ne] 2s22p4 = 6 valence electrons

Periodic Table : Bell Ringer1. a. What period and group is Aluminum on? b. What element is in period 4; group 2 ?2. Circle the elements below that have

similar chemical properties. Carbon (C), Nitrogen, (N), Silicon (Si), Boron

(B)

3. What are valence electrons?

4. Why is it important to know the number of valence electrons an element can have?

Valence Electrons Worksheet Valence Electrons Worksheet KeyKey1. 7 ve- 11. 1ve-

2. 5ve- 12. 2ve-3. 2ve- 13. 4ve-4. 5ve- 14. 7ve-5. 2ve- 15. 6ve-6. 8ve- 16. 2ve-7. 1ve- 17. 3ve-8. 2ve- 18. 1ve-9. 2ve- 19. 8ve-10. 6ve- 20. 2ve-

Reminder: ILPs are due by Dec. 14th, but

let’s try to finish up by this Friday.

Periodic Table: Groups• Identify the group number(s) for each group

name below. • Give an example of an element from each

group below.

a. Noble Gasesb. Alkali Metalsc. Alkaline Earth Metalsd. Transitional Metalse. Rare Earth Metalsf. Halogens

Periodic Table and Periodic Table and Groups Groups


Cl:

Periodic Table and Periodic Table and Groups Groups

Transitional Groups:

Representative Groups:

Periodic Table: Bell Periodic Table: Bell RingerRinger

1. What element is on period 3 group 2 ?2. Identify the elements below that are not

representative elements: Fe, S, Ca, Kr, Ag, U3. Identify an element on the periodic table

that has similar properties with oxygen.4. a. What is the name of the group that

Chlorine is in? b. What is the short-hand electron

configuration of Cl? c. How many valence electrons does Cl

have?

Organization of Periodic Organization of Periodic Table Table

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Periodic Table Lab: Valence Periodic Table Lab: Valence Electrons Electrons

Lab grps

grp 1ve-

grp 2 ve-

grp 3-12 ve-

grp 13 ve-

grp 14ve-

grp 15 ve-

grp 16ve-

grp17ve-

grp18ve-

A

B

C

D

What can be concluded from the data table?

Periodic Table: Valence Periodic Table: Valence Electrons Electrons

Periodic Table: Valence Periodic Table: Valence Electrons Electrons

Lab grps

grp 1ve-

grp 2 ve-

grp 3-12 ve-

grp 13 ve-

grp 14ve-

grp 15 ve-

grp 16ve-

grp17ve-

grp18ve-

A 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

B 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 2

C 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

D 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

What can be concluded from the data table?

Common Periodic Table Common Periodic Table GroupsGroupsPeriodic Groups Group # Valence

Electrons

Chemical Reactivity (Yes or No)

Alkali Metals 1

1ve-

Alkaline-Earth Metals 2

2ve-

TransitionalMetals 3-12 2 ve-

Halogens 17

7ve-

Noble Gases(Inert Gases)

18

8ve-


Electrons


Alkali Metals

Alkaline-Earth Metals

TransitionalMetals

Halogens



Electrons


Alkali Metals 1

1ve- Yes, chemically reactive because they only has 1 ve-. Most reactive metallic group.

Alkaline-Earth Metals 2

2ve-

Yes , chemically reactive because they only have 2 ve-.

TransitionalMetals 3-12 2 ve-

Yes, chemically reactive because they only have 2 ve-.

Halogens 17

7ve- Yes, chemically reactive because they only have 7ve-. Most reactive non-metallic group.


18

8ve- No, not chemically reactive because they have the maximum number of ve-. Most noble elements = 8 ve.Exception: He = 2ve. Most stable elements.

Chemical StabilityChemical StabilityOctet Rule: Atoms will gain or lose valence electrons to

reach maximum stability. Formation of ions.What is maximum stability for most

atoms? 8 valence electrons (ve-)Exceptions: H and He max. stability = 2 ve-

How do atoms achieve stability ? Atoms chemically bonding with other atoms.Formation of diverse compounds in nature.

Valence Electrons Post-Valence Electrons Post-Lab Qts.Lab Qts.Complete post-lab questions.

Metallic vs. Non-metallic Metallic vs. Non-metallic PropertiesProperties

Infinite Campus UpdateInfinite Campus UpdatePeriodic Table Quiz (8pts.)Periodic Table Worksheet (10pts.)Due Today: Valence Electron Lab (10pts)

Chemical Stability Chemical Stability PatternPattern

Will metals tend to gain or lose valence electrons to reach maximum stability?

Will non-metals tend to gain or lose valence electrons to reach maximum stability?

Chemical Stability Chemical Stability PatternPatternMetals:Will lose ve- to reach stability.Form cations (+ charged atoms)

Non-metals: Will gain ve- to reach stability.Form anions (- charged atoms)

Chemical Stability Chemical Stability PatternPattern

Predict what type of ion, if any, each neutral element below would form to reach maximum stability.

# of neutral/ion ve- max. stabilitya. Sodium b. Oxygen c. Argon d. Phosphorus e. Chromium

Chemical StabilityChemical StabilityDetermine what type of ion each element

below would form to reach maximum stability.

a. Sodium Na1+

b. Oxygen O2-

c. Argon Ard. Phosphorus P3-

e.Chromium Cr2+

History of the Periodic TableHistory of the Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev: • Russian chemist and teacher

•When organized elements into groups by similar chemical properties, he observed the periods increasing in atomic mass. (1869)

• His organization system was successful at predicting undiscovered elements.

•Do you observe any inconsistencies with his organization system?

History of Periodic TableHistory of Periodic TableHenry Moseley:

•British Physicists

•Observed that when elements were placed in groups by chemical properties, the periods consistently increased by atomic number. (1913)

•Currently accepted organization system for elements.

Infinite Campus Update

Posted: Valence Electron Lab (15pts)Periodic Table Packet (10pts.)

*Reminder to complete ILPs by this Friday.

Bell Ringer: Atomic Bell Ringer: Atomic StabilityStability1. What is stability for an atom?2. Why do many atoms prefer to be ions?3. Identify each of the following atoms as

a neutral, anion, or cation.a. strontium has 36 electronsb. bromine has 36 electrons4. Predict, if any, what type of ion each

atom below would become to reach stability.

a. Fe b. Rn c. I

Bell Ringer: Atomic Bell Ringer: Atomic StabilityStability

1. What is stability for an atom? 2. Why do many atoms prefer to be ions?3. Identify each of the following atoms as

a neutral, anion, or cation.a. strontium has 36 electronsb. bromine has 36 electrons4. Predict, if any, what type of ion each

atom below would become to reach stability.

a. Fe b. Rn c. I

Periodic Table TrendsPeriodic Table Trends1. Define each term below related to an

atom. 2. Graph data to determine the trend for

each term below for an atom. Atomic Radius

Ionization Energy

Electronegativity

Periodic Trend Graph Periodic Trend Graph AnalysisAnalysisAnalysis Procedures:

1.Locate elements in the same period. Does the line graph increase or decrease

with these elements in the same period.

2. Repeat step one, but with elements in a different period.

3. Locate elements in the same group.Does the line graph increase or decrease

with these elements in the same group?

4.Repeat step three, but with elements in a different group.

5.Share your results with your partners.

Periodic Properties and Periodic Properties and TrendsTrendsAtomic Radius:

-Size of an atom.- Distance from nucleus to highest energy level

for that atom. (picometers, pm).Ionization Energy:- Energy required to remove an electron from an

atom. - Energy required to form a cation. Electronegativity: - The attraction one atom has toward another

atom’s valence electron.- Determines the type of chemical bond between

atoms.

Periodic Table TrendsPeriodic Table Trends1. Define each term below related to an

atom. 2. Graph data to determine the trend for

each term below for an atom. Atomic Radius

Ionization Energy

Electronegativity

Periodic Trends: Atomic Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius Radius

Periodic Trends: Atomic Periodic Trends: Atomic RadiusRadius

Across a Period

Down a Group

Periodic Table : Atomic Periodic Table : Atomic RadiusRadius

Periodic Trends: Ionization Periodic Trends: Ionization EnergyEnergy

Periodic Trends: Ionization Periodic Trends: Ionization EnergyEnergy

Across a Period:

Down a Group:

Periodic Trend: Periodic Trend: ElectronegativityElectronegativity

mmsphyschem.com

Periodic Trend: Periodic Trend: ElectronegativityElectronegativity

mmsphyschem.com

Across a Period:

Down a Group:

Electronegativity and Chemical Electronegativity and Chemical BondingBonding•In general what kind of elements have a greater electronegativity value?•Using the table, which compounds would have a greater electronegativity difference: NaCl or CO?

Electronegativity and Chemical Electronegativity and Chemical BondingBondingWhat do you predict will happen when Na chemically bonds with Cl?

Chemical BondingChemical BondingIonic Bonding:

Covalent Bonding:

Octet Rule Revised:Octet Rule Revised:

Atoms will gain, lose, or share valence electrons to reach stability.

The need for stability produces compounds (ionic and covalent)

Bell Ringer: Periodic Bell Ringer: Periodic Trends Trends

1 Use your graph on atomic radius and ionization energy to answer the following questions:

a. Rank the following elements from largest to smallest in size. Explain your results.

Ar, Mg, S Al

b. Rank the following elements from smallest to largest in ionization energy. Explain your results.

Ne, Ar, He

Lewis Dot StructuresLewis Dot Structures•Illustrate valence electrons for an atom before bonding.

Element # of valence electrons

Lewis Dot Structure

Na

Mg

Si

S

Size of an IonSize of an IonUse the diagram below to determine what happens to the size of a neutral atom(parent atom) when it becomes an ion.

Size of a CationSize of a CationWhy is the cation smaller than its parent atom (neutral)?

Size of a CationSize of a CationA cation is smaller than its parent atom.Why? Because metals will lose an energy level in the process of becoming a cation.

Size of an AnionSize of an AnionWhy is an anion larger than its parent atom?

Size of an AnionSize of an AnionA anion is larger than its parent isotope. Why? Repulsion force increases as more electrons are added to the outer most energy level. Swells the energy level.

Size of an AnionSize of an Anion

Size of IonsSize of Ions

1. Circle the atom that is larger in size.a. Ca or Ca2+

b. S or S2-

2. Circle the atom that is smaller in size.

a. Al or Al3+

b. N or N 3-

Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer)Transfer)

Metal (Lewis Dot)

Non-metal(Lewis Dot)

Ionic Bonding(Lewis Dot Transfer)

Chemical Formula

Na Cl

Al N

Ca Cl

Chemical BondingChemical BondingLewis Dot Structures: Illustrates the

number of valence electrons a neutral atom has prior to chemical bonding.

Bell Ringer: Chemical Bell Ringer: Chemical StabilityStability

1. a. Most stable group on periodic table? Explain.

b. Most reactive metallic group? Explain. c. Most reactive non-metallic group? Explain.

2. Predict what type of ion each element below would form to reach maximum stability.

a. Cesium b. Selenium c. Helium

3. Identify which atom is larger in each example below.

a. Al or Al3+ b. Br or Br 1-

Hydrogen Lab

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