inflammation drug cards.pptx

8/14/2019 Inflammation Drug Cards.pptx

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AntihistaminesH1 Receptor Antagonists

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)Diphenhydramine(Benedryl)

Loratadine (Claratin)Drugs

Block histamine effects that occur in a allergic reaction

Block the binding of histamine to H1 receptor sites (not H2)Action

Allergic rhinitis, conjuctivitis, urticaria (hives), angioedema

(submucosal swelling in the hands, face, and feet), adjunctive

therapy in anaphylaxis.

N/V, Motion sickness, vertigo, pre op sedation, sleep aid,

parkinsons disease, treats side effects of antipsychotic med

Clinical

Indications

CNS Depression resulting in sedation (Most common)

Gi loss of appetite, N/V, Constipation, Dirrhea (take with

meals or milk can help GI complications).

Anticholinergic- Dry mouth, nose, throat, thickening of

bronchial secretions.

Adverse Effects


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Antihistamines.CONTINUED

Additive or cumulative Effect

May block or reverse the effects of another drug.

May mask the toxic signs and symptoms of another drug.

Drug

Interactions

May have opposite effect on children (instead of drowsiness,

may cause excitability)

Discontinue four days before allergy skin testing.

Sedationdont drive or operate heavy machinery.

Dont mix with other CNS Depressants (alcohol)

Give most IM antihistamines Z-track.

Nursing

Implications


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Glucocorticoids(Corticosteroids)

Cortison (cortone)

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Prednisone (Deltasone)

Drugs

Suppresses hypersensitivity and immune responses by

preventing cell mediated immune reactions(process is notentirely understood).

Affect CHO and Protein metabolism

Action

Enters all tissues and compartments, including the CSF.Distribution

Primarily as anti-inflammatory and immunosuspressant agents.

They cause a rapid reduction in symptoms but do not affect disease

progression.

Replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency

Relieve hypersensitivy reactions

Reduce or prevent the cerebral edema

Hypercalcemia (Vitamin D intoxication)

Clinical Use


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Glucocorticoids.CONTINUED

Pharmacologic doses of cortisol depress the activity of bothadrenal cortical cells and ACTH secreting anterior pituitary

cells

Inhibits inflammatory response

Increases sodium and water retention

Redistribution of fat stores

Stimulates glucose synthesis

Central Nervous system effects

Causes protein catabolism

GI Disturbances

Adverse Effects

PO with meals.

Can also be given IM, IV, nhalant, Intraarticular, topical.

2/3 dose usually given in AM and 1/3 dose usually given in

PMRoute

Use cautiously in patients with peptic ulcer disease,

hypertension, infection.Contraindications


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GlucocorticoidsCONTINUTED, MORE

Do not take aspirin concomittantly (or alcohol, caffeine-Causes GI upsets)

Check stool for occult blood

Check for coffee ground. N-G drainage or emesis.

Observe closely for anaphylactice reaction

Monitor glucose, weight gain, BP, CBC, electrolytes, increased

ocular pressure.

Nursing

Implications

Encourage patients on long term corticosteroid therapy to

eat a diet high in protein, calcium, and potassium, and low

in sodium and carbohydrates.

Cause immunosuppression and may mask symptoms of

infection, instruct patient to avoid people with known

contagious illness, report possible infections, and consultphysician before receiving vaccinations.

Discuss possible effects on body image

Advice patient to carry medical information ID and not to

stop taking abruptly.

Monitor closely for S&S of infection.

Observe and report emotional changes

If topical, monitor ecchymoses or increased skin fragility.

PatientEducation


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Mineralcorticoids(Corticosteroids)

Aldosterone

Fludrocortisone (Florinef)Drugs

Affect fluid and electrolyte balance by acting on the distal

renal tubule to enhance sodium reabsoprtion and potassiumand hydrogen secretion.

Regulate Electrolyte and water balance.

Action

Adrenal insufficiency replacement therapyClinical Use

Edema, hypertension, congestive heart failure, hypernatremia,

hypokalemia, hypocalcemia.Adverse Effects


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Mineralcorticoids.CONTINUED

Hypertension

Heart disease

Use cautiously with patients on diuretics.

Contraindications

Eat foods high in K.Monitor K levels, BP, report weight gain, edema.

Inject IM Mineralcorticoids in dosogluteal site. Never in arm.

NursingImplications


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Anti-Gout

Probenecid (Benemid)

Allopurional (Zyloprim)

Colchicine

Drugs

Increased excretion of uric acid in the urine, thus preventing

deposits in joints.

Probenecid has NO ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTION.

Action

Increases blood levels of penicillinDrug Interactions

Gi UpsetAdverse Effects

Take with meals or antacids to decrease GI upset

Drink plenty of fluids to prevent renal calculi

Eat a high vegetable diet to alkalinize the urine

Nursing

Implications


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Gold Salts

Auranofin (Ridaura)Drugs

Treatment of Rheumatoid arthritisClinical Use

Blocks the inflammatory disease process (exact mechanism is

unclear)Action

Dirrhea (most common). May also cause dermatiis,

thromocytopenia, leukopenia, and stomatitis (mouth ulcers).

Leaves a metallic taste in mouth.Adverse Effects

May Use topical corticosteroids or antihistamines to decrease

dermal reactions

Monitor platelets

Be aware that oral gold salts talk 2-4 months to be effective

Explain that rinsing mouth with 1 tsp salt in 8 oz water can

help mild mouth ulcers.

Nursing

Implications

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