influence of algae treatment on lagoon odors. personnel principal investigator –stephen j....
TRANSCRIPT
Personnel
• Principal Investigator– Stephen J. Reynolds, Ph.D., CIH
• Co-Investigators– Tim Stanton, Ph.D.– Brad Lester, M.S.– Marc Cusanelli– John Mehaffy, M.S.
Regional Community Partners
• Agsmart Inc.• La Luna Dairy, Wellington, Colorado• Morwai Dairy, Hudson, Colorado• Weld County Commissioners• Cooperative Extension• CSU Center for Animal Agriculture and
Community Enhancement
Specific Aims and Objectives
1. Work with community-based partners to conduct project and disseminate findings
2. Implement and evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon algae treatment on reduction of emissions and occupational exposures
1. Measure and quantify occupational exposures2. Differences in dairy and feedlot size and manure
handling practices
3. Evaluate the utility of the Cyranose 320 electronic nose for detection, identification, and quantification
Methods
• Algae System – grown on-site in a greenhouse, added to manure by pump, raise dissolved oxygen to above 1.0 mg/ml
• Total Particulate – 37-mm closed-faced cassette
• Inhalable Particulate – IOM sampler with 25-mm filter and SKC Button sampler with 25-mm filter
• Gas/Vapor – Sorbent tubes (charcoal and XAD-7) following NIOSH Analytical Methods
Methods
• Hydrogen Sulfide – Jerome 631-X Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzer (Arizona Instruments) real-time measurement ranging from 3ppb to 50ppm
• Ammonia – Dräger Pac III real-time measurement range from 0 to 300ppm
• Bioaerosols – SKC Biosampler and Anderson Two-Stage Jet-to Agar Impactor (mesophilic and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi)
• Odor and Constituent Gases – Scentometer and Cyranose 320 electronic nose
Methods
• Endotoxin – Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Assay (Biowhittaker)
• Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide – Q-Trak (TSI Inc.) direct reading with datalogging
• DataRam – particulate sampling in range from 0.01 to 100 mg/m3
• Grimm – real-time size selective evaluation of aerosol counts and mass, size range 0.35 to 20 µm, mass range 0 to 100 µg/L
Methods
• Area Samples by Lagoons – Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin, Gases, Vapors, Bioaerosols, and Meterological data
• Personal Samples – Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin for Milkers, Pushers, Feeder, Calf Feeders, Vet Techs, and General Maintenance Personnel
Algae System at a Colorado Dairy
•1500 cows•60 acre site
•8 acre lagoon•no land application
•flushes 250,000-400,000 gpd•recycles wastewater with fresh•odor issues with town residents
Colorado Dairy
DAIRY
HOUSINGDEVELOPMENT
HOUSINGDEVELOPMENT
TOWN HALL
½ MILE
RR TRACKS
½ MILE
PREVAILING WINDS
½ + MILE
INTERSTATEHIGHWAY
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
6/ 5 8/ 12 9/ 12 10/ 08 11/ 5
averagehigh
Colorado DairyDISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) MEASURED AT A DEPTH OF 6 FEET
•DATA COLLECTED BY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH TEAM
•CITY MAYOR & COUNCIL MEMBERS SUPPORTIVE OF AGSMART PROCESS
•DAIRY ODOR COMPLAINTS DRASTICALLY REDUCED
Wastewater Analysis BOD5
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
10/ 01/ 04 04/ 28/ 05 09/ 06/ 05
Influent to PondEffluent to BarnsPond Sample
Wastewater Analysis BOD5
10/01/04 04/28/05 09/06/05
Influent to Pond 12,640 mg/L 8,688 mg/L 3,924 mg/L
Effluent to Barns 12,720 mg/L N/A 3,504 mg/L
Pond Sample 12,580 mg/L 8,556 mg/L N/A
Colorado Analytical Lab #04100111 #05042818 #05090637
Wastewater Analysis PO4
Wastewater Analysis—PO4
in mg/L
09/17/2003 1598
03/11/2004 1402
10/01/2004 648
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
09/ 17/ 03 03/ 11/ 04 10/ 01/ 04
PO4 (mg/ L)
Colorado Dairy
H2S LEVELS MEASURED AROUND PERIMETER OF LAGOON
DATE MEASURED READING
03/18/04 23 PPB
04/05/04 1-10 PPB
A Direct Comparison6-Tank System
8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 28 Micro Diffusers
4-hp
VS
139 hp
Traditional Mechanical Aeration System
556 Micro Diffusers
8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 556 Micro Diffusers
Installation Cost: Less Than $100,000.00
Installation Cost:Greater Than $140,000.00
Yearly Operation Cost:Less Than $36,000.00
Yearly Operation Cost:Greater Than $100,000.00@ $.08 / KWH
Data Compiled By Colorado State University
Of Aerobic Systems*
* TO OVERCOME13,000-16,000 MG/L BOD LOADING
ScentometerScentometer Readings at a Colorado Dairy
Season
Diluti
ons
to T
hre
shold
15
7
00
2
77
2
1
222
7
2
77
22222
Maximum Mode
Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06
Hydrogen SulfideHydrogen Sulfide Levels at a Colorado Dairy
Season
Hyd
rogen S
ulfi
de (
ppb)
0
200
400
600
Minimum Maximum Average
Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06
AmmoniaPeak Ammonia Levels at a Colorado Dairy
Season
Am
monia
(ppm
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ammonia
Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06
Total ParticulateTotal Particulate by Task and Area
Task or Area
Part
icula
te (
mg/m
3)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lagoon Maint. Milkers
Total EndotoxinTotal Endotoxin by Task and Area
Task and Area
Endoto
xin
(EU
/m3)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
Lagoon Maint. Milkers
Inhalable ParticulateInhalable Particulate by Task and Area
Task or Area
Part
icula
te (
mg/m
3)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader
Inhalable EndotoxinInhalable Endotoxin by Task and Area
Task or Area
Endoto
xin
Conce
ntr
ati
on (
EU
/m3)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
10000
11000
Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader