info1 cours 2- softwares mi/st/sm
DESCRIPTION
Les unités de mesure Les systèmes de numération Le codage des caractèresTRANSCRIPT
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Informatique: info1
Taha Zerrouki
ST & SM, semestre 1
Université de Bouira
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Programme
• Chapitre I :– Introduction à l’informatique
• Chapitre II :– NOTIONS DE BASE DE LA
PROGRAMMATION
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Codage de l’informations
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Le binaire
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Bit/ byte( octet)
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Multiples d’octets
•
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Multiple d’octets
caractère octets
Text / Image kilo octet
FichierMega Octet
CDROM700 Mega Octets
DVD4.7 Giga Octets
Disque dur Tera octets
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Exercice
• La capacité d’un DVD est 4.7 Go• Donner la taille en Mega octets
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Exercice
• 1 Go = 210 Mo=1024 Mo
• 4.7 Go = 4.7 * 210Mo= 4.7*1024 = 4812.8
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Débit التدفق
• Débit– Transmission– Internet
• Bit per second bps• Byte per second: Bps
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Multiple de bpsConnexion modem téléphonique
56 kbps
ADSL256 kbps - 1 Mbps
GPRS171,2 kbps
EDGE384 kbps
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Multiple de bps3G1,9 Mbps
3G+ (3.5G)14,4 Mbps / 3,6 Mbps
4G300 Mbps / 40 Mbps
Réseau Wifi 11-54 Mbps
Réseau local 100 Mbps
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Exercice
• Quel est la taille maximale à télécharger en une seconde, avec une connexion de 1Mbps
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Exercice
• 1 octet = 8 bit
• 1 Mb = 1/8 Mo
• 1/8 Mo= 1/8*1024 Ko= 1024/8= 128 Ko
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Hertz
• Fréquence: nombre d’événements par seconde. Utilisé pour– la fréquence du bus processeur,– la fréquence de rafraîchissement de l’écran, – la fréquence du bus RAM
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Hertz
• 1 kilo hertz KHz = 1000 Hz• 1 Méga Hertz MHz= 1000 KHz= 106 Hz• 1 Giga Hertz GHz= 1000 MHz= 109 Hz
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Systèmes de numérationSystèmes de numération
أنظمة التعداد
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Système décimal النظام العشري
• Pourquoi on utilise le système décimal?
• 1 10, 100, 1000 1027
النظام العشري•
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Ninja Trutles
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Les autres systèmes
• Sexagésimal الستيني
• à base de 60• Vigésimale, عشريني
• à base de 20–80, quatre-vingts
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Système décimal
1000100101
2012
2012= 2x100 +1x101 +0x102 +2x 103
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Système décimal
1 4
Les unitésLes dizaines
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Système décimal
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Système X
x3x2x1x0
3510
(3510)x = 3*x3+5*x2+1*x1+0*x0 = 8 + 4+ 2 +0
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Système 5
525150
210
(210)x = 2*52+1*51+0*50 = 2*25+ 5 +0
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Système binaire
8421
1110
(1110)2 = 1x23+1x22+1x21+0x20 = 8 + 4+ 2 +0
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Système binaire
8421
1110
(1110)2 = 1x23+1x22+1x21+0x20 = 8 + 4+ 2 +0
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Système binaire
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Exercice
•(51)10= (??????)2
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Solution
•(51)10= (110011)2
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Système hexadécimal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
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Système hexadécimal
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Héxa en binaire
• (0000)2 = (0)16
• (1010)2= (A)16
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exercice
• (0AB3) 16= (????????)2
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exercice
• (0AB3) 16= (0000 1010 1011 0011)2
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Codage de l’information
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Codage d’information
65Aَ 01000001
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Codage d’information
Ada b
65100973298
Aَda b
0100000101100100011000010010000001100010
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Unicode
A65
1560ض
11619
40201