information design - stanford hci group · information design scott klemmer tas: marcello...
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stanford hci group / cs147
http://cs147.stanford.edu25 September 2007
Information Design
Scott Klemmertas: Marcello Bastea-Forte, Joel Brandt,Neil Patel, Leslie Wu, Mike Cammarano
Color: Edward Tufte
IMAGE REMOVED
Color: Edward Tufte
IMAGE REMOVED
Color (Java L&F)
Six color semantic schemeClean, consistent lookEasy on eyes (mostly gray)
How to get color right
Design in grayscale firstKeep luminance values from grayscale when moving to color
Proportion and Scale
Kevin Mullet and Darrell Sano, Designing Visual Interfaces
“Pridefully Obvious Presentation”
Marks of Typographic Style
http://www.adobe.com/type/topics/info5.html
Ligatures
Upper and lower case numbers
Proper QuotesDistinguishing open from close makes reading easierTags in HTML have open and close, e.g., <html> as opposed to |html|Spanish has open and close exclamation, question mark, e.g., ¡hay caramba!, ¿que pasa?Quotes “ ” have open and close too
Quotes in HTML
“ “ Left Double Quotation ” ” Right Double Quotation‘ ‘ Left Single Quotation’ ’ Right Single Quotation
Some Starting Points
Gather materials you find successfulCould be from a very different domain“Good artists borrow, great artists steal” -Picasso
Include visual design professionals in the iterative design cycle
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Challenger Disaster
1 of 13 pages of material faxed to NASA by Morton Thiokol
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Challenger Disaster
1 of 13 pages of material faxed to NASA by Morton Thiokol
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Challenger Disaster
E. Tufte, pp. 46-47 , Visual Explanations
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Challenger Disaster
Redrawn by E. Tufte, p. 49 , Visual Explanations
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Functions of visualizationsCommunicate information to others
Make a pointTell a story
Make decisions Support analysis and reasoning
Answer a question“One image = One diagnosis”
To explore and discover; encourage creativityLook at things in a new way“The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers” [R. Hamming]
Inspire
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The Purpose of Data Visualization is to Help People Think and Communicate
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Gulfs of Execution & Evaluation
Real world(Interactions)
Conceptual model(Goals)
Evaluation
Execution
Gulfs
Norman 1986
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Gulf of EvaluationReal world:
Conceptual model:x,y correlated?
Evaluation
Gulf
X Y0.67 0.790.32 0.630.39 0.720.27 0.850.71 0.430.63 0.090.03 0.030.20 0.540.51 0.380.11 0.330.46 0.46
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Gulf of EvaluationReal world:
Conceptual model:x,y correlated?
Evaluation
Gulf
0
0.5
1
0 0.5 1
X
Y
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Gulf of EvaluationReal world:
Conceptual model:x,y correlated?
Evaluation
Gulf
ρ = -.29
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Gulf of ExecutionReal world
Conceptual model:Draw a rectangle
Execution
Gulf
Move 90 30Rotate 35Pen down…
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Gulf of ExecutionReal world
Execution
Gulf
Conceptual model:Draw a rectangle
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DataConceptualmodel
Evaluation
Execution
Visualization
Representation
Manipulation
Visualization user Visualization designer
Visualization: A Double Gulf?
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Data
Evaluation Representation
X Y0.67 0.790.32 0.630.39 0.720.27 0.850.71 0.430.63 0.090.03 0.030.20 0.540.51 0.380.11 0.330.46 0.46
X Y0.67 0.790.32 0.630.39 0.720.27 0.850.71 0.430.63 0.090.03 0.030.20 0.540.51 0.380.11 0.330.46 0.46
x,ycorrelated?
Visualization user Visualization designer
Bad visualization?
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Data
Evaluation Representation
X Y0.67 0.790.32 0.630.39 0.720.27 0.850.71 0.430.63 0.090.03 0.030.20 0.540.51 0.380.11 0.330.46 0.46
0
0.5
1
0 0.5 1
X
Y
ρ = -.29x,ycorrelated?
Visualization user Visualization designer
Better Visualization?
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Route Maps
Overlaid Route Sketched Route
Agrawala and Stolte, Rendering Effective Route Maps, SIGGRAPH 2001
1. Find cognitive and perceptual principles
2. Optimize the visualization according to these principles
30Matthew Ericson, NY Times
2004 presidential election
31Matthew Ericson, NY Times
2004 presidential election
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2004 presidential election
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
33From Cartography, Dent
34From Cartography, Dent
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36Phan et al. 2005
37Minard (1861)
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Dynamic Queries
TimeSearcher: Hochheiser and Shneiderman 2001
Announcements
Now onlineSample midterm questionsThis week’s feedback schedulePython tutorial video & resources
Submissions: you can now view other group membersWinter d.school class info sessionThurs, 11/1, 5–6pm, Sweet Hall 2nd floor