INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL

ROAD NETWORK PLANNING –

A CASE STUDY

ByI.Prasada Rao, B.K.Durai, P.K.Jain, Neelam JainRoad Development Planning and Management

Central Road Research InstituteNew Delhi-110 020

Map India-2003

Rural Roads in IndiaTertiary road system: consists of other district roads and village roads

Feeder roads to the primary and secondary road system

Aims to connect habitations with all-weather roads

Developed so far under different programmes

Only about 50 per cent of 6.85 lakhs habitations are provided with all-weather road access.

PMGSY - >= 500 Year 2007 Map India-2003

Deficiency in Planning

Major deficiencies and poorly developed data base

Planning practices are guided by population criteria

Sectoral allocation of fund under five year plans

Several organization involved in planning and development

Map India-2003

VILLAGE AND ROAD INFORMATION SYSTEM

GIS - Would become indispensable in planning and management of database.

V&RIS help the planners and administrators to identify the problems associated with rural road development activities, location and provision of appropriate facilities, monitoring and maintenance management of the assets created in rural areas.

In these cases the information generated from the villages as well as the decision taken at the official level will flow faster to the official involved in development activities.

Urgent need to develop a simple method for collection and collation of data of village and roads, which will help in planning and provision of various facilities.

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE

1. Village Level Data Demographic details

Socio-Economic facilities

Land-use patterns, etc

2. Rural Road Inventory

3. Map Data – Digital 1:50,000 or 25,000

Block as a Planning Unit and to be integrate for the district level Master Plan

Sources of InformationSurvey of India topo sheets

Aerial photos

PWD road network maps

Revenue maps and records

Census maps and records

Inventory survey details

Traffic census data etc.

Map India-2003

Preparation of maps and database in –GIS

Identification of major villages (facility villages), or the future growth villages.

Generation of shortest distance to the nearest major village along the existing network.

Assessing the accessibility of unconnected villages to the major village and prioritizing the villages and the link to be connected.

Steps - Rural Road Planning

Map India-2003

The following assumptions were made to obtain the most accessible link for connecting the unconnected villages in a total road network.

The population of the unconnected villages shall have to travel to nearby major village to fulfill their missing facilities or utility services.

The unconnected villages may be presently connected through various links such as fair-weather roads, cart tracts and footpaths and they will travel along this link to obtain the facilities.

Based on the above assumptions the unconnected villages are to be provided with all-weather connectivity by a link which is shortest and minimum cost link.

NETWORK DEVELOPMENT

Map India-2003

Scanned Map of Rupauli Block(1:50,000)Map India-2003

Base Map of Rupauli Block Map India-2003

Village level database of Rupauli

Block Map India-2003

Map showing existing roads and

inventory data Map India-2003

Thematic Map of Education Facilities

Development of NetworkHabitation Index Composite measure of development based on its

demographic, socio-economic, infrastructure, and policy variables.

Each Variables can be given a Weightages based on its importance

HINDEX can be calculated using the equation:

xyWx y ixy

FiHINDEX

Fxyi = Number of facility of x th type with y th intensity in habitation i

Wxy = Weight for x th facility of y th intensityContd…

S. No. FACILITIES

Weightages of variables% Wxy for the Group0 2 4 6 8

Maximum

1 Population Below 250 251-500

501-1000 1001-2000 Above

2001 816

2 SC/ST Population Below 25 26-50 51-200 201-300 Above 301 8

3 Primary School Nil OneMore than one

4

34

4 Middle School Nil One More than one 6

5 High School No One More than one 8

6 Inter/College No Yes 8

7 Vocational School No Yes 8

8 Dispensary No Yes 4

189 Maternity Centre No Yes 6

10 PHC No Yes 8

11 Police Station No Yes 6

2212 Post Office No Yes 4

13 Electrified No Yes 6

14 Panchayat Hqtr. No Yes 6

15 No. of days Market held No Two or more

days 6 6

16 Hilly/coastal No Yes 4 4

Maximum Score 100 100

Relative Weights for Facility Variables for Computing HINDEX

VIL

L_

CO

DE

Name of the Village Co

nn

ec

ted

/Un

co

nn

ec

ted

Villa

ge

s

HINDEX VIL

L_

CO

DE

Name of the Village C

on

ne

cte

d/U

nc

on

n

ec

ted

Villa

ge

s

HINDEX

278 Bahuti C 22 292 Bairma UC 28283 Mataili Khemnarain C 24 294 Anjhari UC 28297 Mohanpur Iatamrar C 32 296 Bejai UC 28308 Dobha C 28 298 Kanp UC 32310 Bahadura C 38 299 Gurgawan UC 22314 Goapara C 36 300 Dobha Milik UC 4322 Dhobgidha Rupauli C 34 301 Bhikna UC 28

327 Banki C 24 302Lachhimipur Girdhar UC

24

246 Goriar GC 68 303 Supaili Kamat UC 6258 Rampur Parhat GC 52 304 Singhpur UC 12281 Koili Semra GC 52 306 Khalsa Arazi UC 16284 Mataili Khemchand GC 48 307 Bhaua Parbal UC 22317 Nathpur GC 38 309 Basantpur UC 32324 Dhurbar Tikapatti GC 40 311 Chapahari UC 32

242 Bhawanipur Patkaili UC 8 312 Basgarha UC 16

245 Pirraha UC 12 313 Gonaili UC 20

267 Bela Parsadi UC 30 318 Sukhsena Milik UC 34

269 Sahgaura Milik UC 0 319 Pipra UC 8

273 Nirpur Milik UC 4 320 Mahabla UC 34

279 Maina Bhagwan Milik UC0

321 Maini UC 32

282 Dhobgidha UC 32 323 Harnaha UC 28

285 Lachhmipur UC 22 325 Dhusar UC 24

286 Teldiha UC 18 326 Balia UC 26

288 Imlakh UC 10 328 Bijaithana UC 4

290 Bairia UC 32 329 Bijaithana UC 32

291 Bharoria UC 6

Hindex of the Villages

Hindex of the Villages

Growth Centers, Connected and Unconnected

Villages Map India-2003

Selection of Optimal Links

Major centres are identified

Shortest route from a UC village to a nearest facility (GC) centre along the existing route

The maximum accessible link has been identified for provision of connectivity

Map India-2003

GC-2GC-1

GC-5 GC-6

GC-3 GC-4

Shortest Path from

Unconn-ected

Villages to

Growth Centers

Optimal Functional Network ( Access benefit-cost ratio)

where,ABijℓ = Benefit derived from the link ℓ Connecting

i th Unconnected to j th Connected habitation

HINDEXi = Habitation Index for habitation i

D2ijℓ = Distance of between ith and jth habitations (ℓ =1 to 3)

2

*

ijD

jHINDEX

iHINDEX

ijAB

Benefit for a Link Option can be computed using the equation:

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the Link Option

LK

ABABCR ij

*

Where

Kℓ = Cost factor of the link option ℓ

Lℓ = Length of link option ℓ (to be considered

for upgradation or new construction)

S. No.

Type of exiting road Suggested value of Kl

1. A new road with three layers of WBM, PMC and seal coat with all CD works

1.00

2. Two layer WBM with major CD 0.25

3. Two layer WBM without major CD 0.40

4. One layer WBM with major CD 0.50

5. One layer WBM without major CD 0.65

6. Gravel Road with CD 0.70

7. Gravel Road without CD 0.75

8. Earthen road with CD 0.75

9. Earthen road without CD 0.85

Cost factor for various existing specifications of link options

Optimum NetworkMap India-2003

The existing total road length is about 157.75 Km. Out of which 68.17 Km. length of road network is proposed to connect the 37 unconnected villages in the Block by benefiting about 60989 population.

 

 

Details of Existing and Proposed Roads

Map India-2003

Surface Type

Length (km)

No. of Links

BT 20.04 24

WBM 7.72 10WBM to

BT 7.72 10 GC 6 54103BS 9.18 14 BS to BT 7.8 12 CV 8 26722

KR and EB 120.78 120 KR to BT 52.65 62 UCV 37 60989

Total 157.72 168 Total 68.17 84 Total 51 141814

PopulationLength

(km)No. of Links

Existing road length Proposed road length

Category of the Village

No. of Villages

Conclusion V&RIS is very much useful for problem identification, planning,

allocation and location of various socio-economic facilities for an integral rural development.

Useful for creation, maintenance and accessing of the GIS database.

Efficient tool for decision making with respect to any rural development programme

Using the information available at the road network layer, it will be easy to estimate the construction cost of selected links.

Based on the information a Road Maintenance Management System can be developed using the databases, which will sustain the road for a longer time with minimal efforts.

Map India-2003

V&RIS

Road Reference data

Rural Road Inventory

Road Geometric details

Terrain and soil type & Traffic

Road pavement condition &

Surface Type

Map DataVillage Level

Data

Rural Road Network Planning

S. No.Name of RoadRoad CodeCategory of Road (ODR/VR/Others)Length (KM) List of Habitations on the Road

Road land width (ROW)Roadway width (Formation width)Carriage way widthNumber of lanesWidth of shoulders

Extent of cracking Extent of potholesSurface type(BT, WBM/Metal, Gravel, Earthen)General condition of the shouldersTotal thicknessThickness of wearing courseThickness of Road baseThickness of sub-base

Terrain typeType of soilCBRAverage annual daily trafficPercentage of trucks

CD Parameters

Type of CD (Pipe/Slab/Causeway)Type of crossing (River, Nala)Type of protection work and conditionTotal length (water way span)Width (M)Location (Chainage)Number of pipes

(in case of pipe culverts)General condition of side drainage

Habitation level: Demographic and other

facilities details.

Survey of India toposheets. Arial photos & Satellite

imageries

Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road Information System

Map India-2003

VIL

L_

CO

DE

Name of the Village T_

PO

PL

N

SC

/ST

PO

P

P_

SC

H

M_

SC

H

H_

SC

H

INT

ER

ME

DIA

TE

VO

CA

TIO

NA

L

DIS

P_

CN

TR

M&

CW

C

PH

C_

CN

TR

PO

LIC

E

PO

_FA

C

PO

WE

R_

SU

PL

PA

N_

HQ

MR

KT

_FA

C

H/C

A

278 Bahuti 2959 444 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

283 Mataili Khemnarain 1986 414 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0

297 Mohanpur Iatamrar 6190 666 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0

308 Dobha 4275 104 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0

310 Bahadura 1967 258 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 2 0

314 Goapara 3095 560 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0

322 Dhobgidha Rupauli 3223 537 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0

327 Banki 3027 79 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0

246 Goriar 15904 1152 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0

258 Rampur Parhat 5597 343 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

281 Koili Semra 13245 986 6 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

284 Mataili Khemchand 5969 991 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 0

317 Nathpur 4455 368 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

324 Dhurbar Tikapatti 8933 715 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

242 Bhawanipur Patkaili 500 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

245 Pirraha 577 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

267 Bela Parsadi 2633 523 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0

269 Sahgaura Milik 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

273 Nirpur Milik 58 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

279 Maina Bhagwan Milik 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

282 Dhobgidha 1671 66 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

285 Lachhmipur 3840 530 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

286 Teldiha 378 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1

288 Imlakh 154 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0

290 Bairia 2133 356 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0

291 Bharoria 392 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

292 Bairma 1719 268 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0

294 Anjhari 1977 280 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1

296 Bejai 4334 467 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0

298 Kanp 1366 164 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0

Village Level data