Information Technologies Information Technologies for Education & Training in for Education & Training in

E-GovernmentE-Government

Author:Author: Ranjit Bose Ranjit BoseSource:Source: Proceedings of the International Confer Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Cence on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC 2004), Vol.2, pp.203-207, 200omputing (ITCC 2004), Vol.2, pp.203-207, 2004.4.Adviser:Adviser: Min-Shiang Hwang Min-Shiang HwangSpeaker:Speaker: Chun-Ta Li ( Chun-Ta Li ( 李俊達李俊達 ))

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OutlineOutline

• IntroductionIntroduction• E-government backgroundE-government background• Infrastructure for education & trainingInfrastructure for education & training• Information technologies for education & trainingInformation technologies for education & training• Future researchFuture research• ConclusionConclusion

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IntroductionIntroduction

• Global communication technologyGlobal communication technology

• Resource – environment and infrastructureResource – environment and infrastructure

• E-learning – education and trainingE-learning – education and training

• Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware

• Cost and benefitCost and benefit

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Introduction (cont.)Introduction (cont.)

• This researchThis research– IdentifyIdentify

• InfrastructureInfrastructure

• ToolsTools

• TechnologiesTechnologies

– Summary reviewSummary review– Further advanceFurther advance

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E-government backgroundE-government background• Web-based Internet applicationsWeb-based Internet applications

– Citizens, business, employees, other agenciesCitizens, business, employees, other agencies

• Benefit of e-governmentBenefit of e-government– More accountable to citizensMore accountable to citizens– More efficient and cost-effectiveMore efficient and cost-effective– Provide greater access to informationProvide greater access to information– More convenient servicesMore convenient services

• Chief barriersChief barriers– SecuritySecurity– Privacy of user informationPrivacy of user information

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E-government background (cont.)E-government background (cont.)

• Categories of e-governmentCategories of e-government– Individuals/Citizens:(G2C)Individuals/Citizens:(G2C)

• Loans, social service, filing taxesLoans, social service, filing taxes

– Business:(G2B)Business:(G2B)• Regulation, economic development, grants/loansRegulation, economic development, grants/loans

– Intergovernmental:(G2G)Intergovernmental:(G2G)• Reporting requirement, sharing and integratingReporting requirement, sharing and integrating

– Intra-governmental:Intra-governmental:• Improve effectiveness and efficiency, eliminating Improve effectiveness and efficiency, eliminating

delays, employee satisfaction and retentiondelays, employee satisfaction and retention

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E-government background (cont.)E-government background (cont.)

• Current applications of IT to e-governmentCurrent applications of IT to e-government– Three broad categories:Three broad categories:

• Access to informationAccess to information– Library of Congress, Internal Revenue Service, National PLibrary of Congress, Internal Revenue Service, National P

ark Service and Social Security Administrationark Service and Social Security Administration

• Transaction serviceTransaction service– Filing taxes, business apply for patents and permits, apply Filing taxes, business apply for patents and permits, apply

for various licensesfor various licenses

• Citizen participationCitizen participation– Government decision-making, e-voting, legislation develoGovernment decision-making, e-voting, legislation develo

pment pment [Shulman [Shulman et alet al., 2001]., 2001]

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Infrastructure for education & Infrastructure for education & trainingtraining

• Corporate training will grow from $2.2 billion to $18.5 biCorporate training will grow from $2.2 billion to $18.5 billion by 2005llion by 2005

• Shrinking budgets and 911 – replaced by e-learningShrinking budgets and 911 – replaced by e-learning– Cisco systems – sales forceCisco systems – sales force

– McDonald’s trainers – logon to Hamburger UniversityMcDonald’s trainers – logon to Hamburger University

• An online education & training learning centerAn online education & training learning center [Langenb[Langenbach and bodendorf, 1999]ach and bodendorf, 1999]

• All corporate/government training and learning activitiesAll corporate/government training and learning activities [Boxer and Johnson, 2002][Boxer and Johnson, 2002]

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Infrastructure for education & traininInfrastructure for education & training (cont.)g (cont.)

• Learning center – electronic education mallsLearning center – electronic education malls– Training courses:Training courses:

• Computer security awareness, sexual harassment Computer security awareness, sexual harassment prevention, supervisory development, project prevention, supervisory development, project management and desktop computer skillsmanagement and desktop computer skills

– RegistrationRegistration– TrackingTracking– Report training informationReport training information– FeedbackFeedback

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Infrastructure for education & traininInfrastructure for education & training (cont.)g (cont.)

• CD-ROM coursesCD-ROM courses

• Self-paced learning toolsSelf-paced learning tools

• Streaming videoStreaming video

• Internet learning conferenceInternet learning conference

• E-book and e-articleE-book and e-article

• Corporate and industry newsCorporate and industry news

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Information technologies for Information technologies for education & trainingeducation & training

• Traditional tools:Traditional tools:– Videotape, cable/public television, satellite video Videotape, cable/public television, satellite video

conference, teleconference, whiteboardconference, teleconference, whiteboard

• Computer-assisted and network tools:Computer-assisted and network tools:– CD-ROM, Web browser, real player, Windows media CD-ROM, Web browser, real player, Windows media

player, broadband video conferenceplayer, broadband video conference

• Audio technologyAudio technology– Simplest of the technologiesSimplest of the technologies– Cost of this equipment can range from $ 500 to $ 50,000 Cost of this equipment can range from $ 500 to $ 50,000

[Chute [Chute et alet al., 1999]., 1999]

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Information technologies for educatioInformation technologies for education & training (cont.)n & training (cont.)

• Video technologyVideo technology– Most traditionalMost traditional– Synchronous or asynchronousSynchronous or asynchronous

• Computer technology Computer technology [Anido [Anido et alet al., 2001]., 2001]– Newest technology and wide range of technologiesNewest technology and wide range of technologies

• Wireless technologyWireless technology– FlexibilityFlexibility

• Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)– Expert system and artificial intelligenceExpert system and artificial intelligence

• Expert knowledge, learner modeling, tutoring planning and commuExpert knowledge, learner modeling, tutoring planning and communicationnication

• Virtual reality technology Virtual reality technology [Young, 2000][Young, 2000]

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Information technologies for educatioInformation technologies for education & training (cont.)n & training (cont.)

• Neural network and statistical analysisNeural network and statistical analysis– Develop intelligent tutoring or individualizedDevelop intelligent tutoring or individualized

• Information retrievalInformation retrieval– Precise searchingPrecise searching

• Network technologiesNetwork technologies– Real-time interaction and improve the quality of Real-time interaction and improve the quality of

presentation servicespresentation services

• Mobile and wireless communication systemMobile and wireless communication system– E-learning on PDA or on cellular phonesE-learning on PDA or on cellular phones

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Future researchFuture research

• Education and training in the long-termEducation and training in the long-term– Information management, software technology, Information management, software technology,

network infrastructure, human-computer interaction, network infrastructure, human-computer interaction, security, social issues security, social issues et al.et al.

• Well-designed research projectsWell-designed research projects– Real-time protocol, broadband, wireless Real-time protocol, broadband, wireless

communication, multimedia, behavior analysis, communication, multimedia, behavior analysis, copyright protection and authenticationcopyright protection and authentication

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Future research (cont.)Future research (cont.)

• Three types of interaction necessary for successful Three types of interaction necessary for successful e-learninge-learning [Mehrotra [Mehrotra et alet al., 2001]., 2001]– Learner-content interactionLearner-content interaction

– Learner-instructor interactionLearner-instructor interaction

– Learner-learner interactionLearner-learner interaction

• Three perspectives:Three perspectives:– SociologicalSociological

– PolicyPolicy

– TechnicalTechnical

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ConclusionConclusion

• E-learning – education & trainingE-learning – education & training

• Distributed workforceDistributed workforce

• FlexibilityFlexibility

• Investment of time and moneyInvestment of time and money

• Efficiency and cost savingEfficiency and cost saving

Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention