INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

What is Information.

Information is the data processed for some purpose.

Information can only be considered to be real info if

it meets certain criteria i.e.

1. It must be communicated to the recipient

2. It must be in a language that is understood

3.It must be in a suitable form

4. It must be relevant for achieving some purpose

Information

“ Is any form of communication that provides understandable and useful

knowledge for the person receiving it.”

Technology

The branch of knowledge that deals with thecreation and use of technical means and theirinterrelation with life, society, and theenvironment, drawing upon such subjects asindustrial arts, engineering, applied science,and pure science.

Information Technology“Information technology is a general term that

describes any technology that helps to produce manipulate, store ,communication information.”

"It merges computing with high speed communications links carrying data sound and video."

Examples-Telephone-Television-Appliances-Various household devices

Change in Technology

Two different parts of information Technology

-Computer Technology"Programmable ,multiuse machine that accepts data-raw facts and figures and processes or manipulates it into information we can use ."

-Communication Technology"Also called telecommunications technology consist of electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over long distances."

Benefits of Information Technology

-In communication-Increase Social Relationship-In Education-In Purchasing-In Agriculture- In Banking- In Transportation

Computer is an important

component of Information

Technology

Definition of Computer

"A programmable electronic device

designed to accept data, perform

prescribed mathematical and logical

operations at high speed, and display

the results of these operations."

Categories of ComputerComputers are divided into five different categories.

-Super ComputersHigh capacity machines with thousands of processors that can perform more than several trillion calculations per year.

-Main FramesWater or air cooled computers more expensive and vary in size from small to medium to large depending on their use.

Work StationExpensive powerful personal computers usually used for complex scientific mathematical and engineering calculations.

Micro ComputerAlso called personal computers can fit next to desk.

Micro ControllersAlso called embedded computers are the tiny specialize microprocessors installed in smart appliances

Types of Computers

There are two types of computers

- Analog Computers- Digital Computers

Analog Computers-It recognize data as continuous measurement of a physical property-Its output is usually displayed on a meter or graphs-Examples are Analog clock, speed of a car thermometer etc.

Digital Computers-It works with numbers-They breaks all types of information into tiny units and use numbers to represent those pieces of information-Every thing is described in two states either "on "or "off ".-They are fast and have big memory

Purpose of Computer#The purpose of a computer is to process data into information

-Data consists of the raw facts and figures that are

processed into information.-Information is data that has been summarized or other wise manipulated for use in decision making

#Hardware and software

-Hardware consists of all the machinery and

equipment in a computer system-Software or programs consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to preform a task

Basic Operations of Computers

- Input Operation- Processing operation- Storage operation- Output operation- Communications operation

Devices of a ComputerInput devicesAn input device is a hardware device used to send data to a computer.Examples- Key Board- Mouse- Game controller- Digital Camera- Scanner

Processing and Memory

Hardware

-System Case and Power Supply

-Processer chip for Central

Processing Unit(CPU)

-Memory chip also known as RAM

used for primary or temporary

storage.

Motherboard

Main circuit board in the computer

Storage Devices-Hard diskCan stores billions of characters of data.

-CD(Compact Disk)DVD(Digital video Disk)Use laser technology to read data

Output DeviceAn output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Examples- Monitor- Printer- Speakers- Projector- Head phone

Soft WareSoft ware are of two typesSystem SoftwareHelp to perform essential operating task

Application SoftwareHelp to perform specific task

World is a Global Village Why ????

Uses or benefits of Computer> In Science> In Business> In Education> In Defense> In sports> In research> In Govt. Etc.

MISManagement Information

System

DefinitionManagement information system,

or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that

provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and

efficiently manage departments within an organization.

Management

Word “Management” identifies special group of people whose job is to direct the effort and activities of other people towards common objectives.Management is the process of coordination work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.

coordinating controllingPlanning Organizing Directing

Information

“ Is any form of communication that provides understandable and usefulknowledge for the person receiving it.”

Appropriate Date Accurate information Relevant decision

SystemA system is a group of interrelatedcomponents working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing output in an organized transformation process.

Input Process Output

Definition

MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing information to the operations management & decision making function in the organization.

Definition

Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.

Tasks of MIS

Following are activities performed during information system processing :-

> Handling of volume data > Confirmation of the validity of data & transaction.> Quick search & retrieval > Mass storage> Communication of information system to the user on time > Fulfil the changing needs of information.

What is MIS

Advantages of MIS> Companies are able to highlight their strengths and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employees performance record etc.the identification of these aspects can help the company improve their business processes and operations.> Information is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world. The consumer buying trends and behaviors can be predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports from each operation region of the company.

>Giving an overall picture of thecompany and acting as acommunication and planning tool.> The availability of the customer dataand feedback can help the company toalign their business processes accordingto the needs of the customers. Theeffective management of customer datacan help the company to perform directmarketing and promotion activities.