Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st

Century

Shri Rajeeva Ratna ShahSecretary

Department of Industrial Policy and PromotionMinistry of Commerce & Industry

Government of India

The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology

INFORMATIONDATA KNOWLEDGE

Cognition

Computation

Communication

Old EconomyCapitalist Society

(Legacy System)

New EconomyInformation Society (Knowledge Society)

Core: Competition is the key since capital is a limited and scarce resource

Core: Collaboration and sharing is the key since knowledge is inexhaustible

Capital diminishes with sharing

Knowledge increases with sharing

Capital investments are one time and subject to low obsolescence

Knowledge investments need continuous up-gradation and have high obsolescence

Knowledge of the 21st CenturySTHULA-JAGATSTHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGATMacrocosmMacrocosm Microcosm Microcosm

ATOMS

NANOTECH

NEURONS

NETWORKS

BITS

COMPUTERS

GENES

BIOTECH

Building Blocks & Knowledge Tools of 21st

Century

INDIA – GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR

• Industry size US $ 14 billion: Export US $ 12 billion

• 2008 target export: US $ 50 billion

• CAGR (5 years):exceeding 50%

• Job creation: a million direct jobs & indirectly 2-3 Million jobs

• India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM – level 5 companies, which represents more than half of world total.

• 250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software service from India

• 250 Software companies in India have ISO – 9000 certification.

India as an International BPO Hub

Remote Delivery of Services

1. Custom Software2. Call Centers3. Transcription Services4. Transaction Services5. Engineering Design6. Product and Process Development

An Emerging $ 100-150 billion Global Outsourcing: Access to Low Cost Talent

COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED

Task aggregationAnd process level

improvement

45-55

1530-35

Country advantage(45-55% savings)

Vendor advantage(30-40% savings)

OriginalCostbase

FactorCostSavings

AdditionalTelecom& manage-ment costs

Off-shoreLocationcost

Consoli-ation,Standar-Dization& superiorskills

TaskReengineering

Econo-mies ofscale

ProcessReengine-ering

New costbase

Task migration Task levelimprovement

100 60-65

10-15 8-135-7

3-5

Does notInclude gains fromOver-delivery and

continuousimprovement

INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE

• Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from MNC’s in India

• e.g. Philips DVD video codec; Apple iPod audio codec; TI OMAP; Microsoft J#; Adobe Reader for Palm & iPaq; Intel “start-up” utility; Cisco IOS core components; hp-ux, OpenView kernel; Oracle Pro c components

• “Hi-tech” hardware/software product design by Indian IT companiese.g. MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer; VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal manufacturer; HiCal supplies magnetics for global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer; ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth wireless earphone; Manmar imaging software for Ultrasound scanners; Purple Vision signal processor;

INDIA AS AN EMERGING R&D HUB

Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major R&D centers in India – The biggest outside US

Monsato - R & D base in India - first outside USA

GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore

HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device

The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in Avionics, Simulation and Software Development

Whirlpool’s Pune Research Lab develops Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and Australia

GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for GE’s Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in the USA

SUPERCOMPUTING

Advanced ComputingHigh Performance Computing Cluster Computing Parallel ProcessingVector Processing

Synonymous to Technologies which help in achieving high computational and storage capability for Mission Critical & Grand Challenge problems in Scientific & Engineering and now in Business computing domains.

High Performance Computing (HPC)

Key Technology

for Self-reliance

India Entered in Late 80s – Due to Export

Control

Significant Developments made since late 80’s

Strategic and Key Economic Sectoral Applications

EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS

1 GFLOPS

1993 1995 1997 1999

PARAM 8000

PARAM 8600

PARAM 9000

PARAM Open Frame

PARAM 10000

Performance

Year 2000

PARAM

ANANT

5 GFLOPS

10 GFLOPS

20 GFLOPS

100 GFLOPS

1000 GFLOPS

2002

PARAM PADMA

1991

PARAM Padma

PARAM Padma (Param 20K)

One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF Sustained Power on International Bench marks

5 TB Primary storage & 10 TB Secondary storage

Interconnect @ 2.5 GBPS two way with very low latency

Flexible and Scalable Program development, System Engineering and System Management tools

Applications of Supercomputing

• Bio technology & bio computation– Molecular Modeling– Genomic Sequencing

• Nano technology & nano computation• Atmospherics & Oceanics• Weather Forcasting• Climate modeling• Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science

Applications• Seismic Data Processing • Structural Mechanics

Future Developments

IGrid –

A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing 10 Teraflops of

Computing Power and Petabytes of Storage

Computational Grids – Connecting Number of

HPC Sites

I Grid

CHENNAIBANGALORE

HYDERABAD

MUMBAI

PUNE

DELHI

KANPUR GUWAHATI

KOLKATTA

CHENNAIBANGALORE

HYDERABAD

MUMBAI

PUNE

DELHI

KANPUR GUWAHATI

KOLKATTA

Applications of Biotechnology

Agricultural Biotech

•New crop research- transgenic crops•Bio fertilizers•Bio – pest control•Bio – resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity Parks

Animal Biotech•Vaccines for animals•Acqua – culture/marine biotech•Seri - biotech

Medical Biotech•New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech•Diagnostics Applications•Therapeutic Applications•Prophylactic biotech

Bio-informatics as a gateway to New Drug Discovery

Bio-informatics has been defined as the discipline that generates computational tools, databases, methods & procedures to support ‘genomic’ and ‘post genomic’ research. Bio-informatics has been also described as a graceful blending of computer science and bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and in-vitro (in test tubes); bio-informatics carries the experimentation a step further and makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).

Stupendous size of Genomic Data

• Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms

• Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA sequences

• Data exploding @ 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million nucleotides/day

• Refinement, review, reclassification and annotation of the above data

Information explosion a challenge to Knowledge Management

Super computational support is required for numerous functions involved in post genomic

R&D

• in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation

• In silico - drug target identification

• In silico - drug design (pharmaco – genomics)

• In silico - toxicity testing

• In silico modelling

The experimental (left) and computational (right) hierarchies will increasingly become codependent as the research

community models greater biological complexity

Current and Expected Sustained Capability Requirements for Major Community

Problem Class Sustained Capability 1999

Sustained Capability 2010

Sequence assembly > 1012 flops 1014 flops

Binary sequence comparison

1012 flops > 1014 flops

Multiple sequence comparison

1012 flops > 1014 flops

Gene modeling > 1015 flops 1017 flops

Phylogeny trees 1011 flops 1013 flops

Protein family classification

> 1010 flops 1012 flops

IITs, CSIR Labs, DBT Labs Private Sector Players

(a) Delhi Cluster (1) ICGEB: International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology

(2) CBT:Centre for Bio-Chem Technology(3) IIT - Delhi(4) JNU – Jawaharlal Nehru University(5) NII – National Institute of Immunology

(1) Spectramind e-services(2) Nicholas Piramal (3) TCG(4) Mascon Global Ltd.

(b) Calcutta Cluster

(1) Bose Institute(2) ISI: Indian Statistical Institute(3) IICB: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology(4) Deptt. of Biophysics & Molecular Biology(5) Jadavpur University(6) IIT - Khargpur

(1) TCG: The Chatterjee Group

(c) Bangalore Cluster

(1) IISc: Indian Institute of Science(2) IIT – Madras(3) Deptt. of Crystallography & Biophysics – Madras(4) Bio-informatics Centre – Madurai

(1) Strand Genomics(2) Metahelix(3) Kshema Technologies

(d) Hyderabad Cluster

(1) CCMB: Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology(2) CDFD: Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics

(1) Satyam Computers(2) TCS: Tata Consultancy

Services(3) Shanta Biotech

(e) Pune-Bombay Cluster

(1) Bio-informatics Centre(2) IIT – Bombay

Others(1) Avestha Gengrame (2) Syngene (3) DSQ - Software

EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERYEMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED BIOTECH R&D RELATED BIOTECH R&D

India’s Inherent Strengths

• High international profile of Software industry

• Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly emerging bio-tech industry

• World class network of educational and research institutions

• Rich Biodiversity

• Large population having reservoirs of valuable diagnostic and clinical data

• Known strengths in mathematics, logic and computational skills

Nano WorldNano World

Nanotechnology is concerned with the Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and manufacture of molecular design and manufacture of molecular scale devices by manipulation and scale devices by manipulation and placement of individual atoms and placement of individual atoms and molecules with precision on the molecules with precision on the atomic scale as opposed to the “top atomic scale as opposed to the “top down” fabrication techniques down” fabrication techniques employed in today’s microelectronics employed in today’s microelectronics technology.technology.

Dimensions in Scale

0.1 nm0.1 nm

0.01 mm0.01 mm10 nm10 nm

0.1 0.1 μμmm100 nm100 nm

0.01 mm0.01 mm10 10 μμmm

0.1 mm0.1 mm100 100 μμmm

1 cm1 cm10 mm10 mm1010-2-2 m m

1010-3-3 m m

1010-4-4 m m

1010-5-5 m m

1010-6-6 m m

1010-7-7 m m

1010-8-8 m m

1010-9-9 m m

1010-10-10 m m

Vis

ible

sp

ectr

um

1 nm1 nm

1 1 μμmm1000 nm1000 nm

0.1 cm0.1 cm1 mm1 mm

Atoms of siliconAtoms of siliconspacing ~tenths of nmspacing ~tenths of nm

Head of a pinHead of a pin1-2 mm1-2 mm

Red blood cellsRed blood cellswith white cell with white cell

~2-5 ~2-5 mm

DNADNA~2.5 nm ~2.5 nm

widthwidth

Human hairHuman hair~ 60-100 ~ 60-100 mm

1 nanometer (nm)

100 nanometers

The Nanoworld

Nano Scene Nano materials

Nano actuatorsNano sensors

Nano electronics

Nano systems

• Carbon nanotubes• Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials• Multifunctional polymers• Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers & Nano tools

•

• • ••NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems)•Nano-machines and robots•Tele-surgery•Drug delivery•Reconfigurable Systems

• •

• • •

• Artificial muscle• Nano robot components• Nano- and Micro-pumps• Nano- and Micro-motors• • •

- Resonant Tunneling Devices- Single Electron Transistors- Quantum well structures- Memories- Logic circuits- IR Detectors- Sensors

The Importance of Large Domestic Markets:

With a Billion People India is a Latent World Scale Market.

The Emerging Market:Focus of Large Firms, NGOs and

Government

5-10 million, Rich

PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m

PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m

PPP $2-3,000, 150 m

PPP , $ 2000, 500 m

Large Firms

NGOs,Government

The Emerging Market: IndiaTraditional and Emerging Focus

5-10 million, Rich

PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m

PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m

PPP $2-3,000, 150 m

PPP > $ 2000, 500 m

Some MNCs?

LocalFirms

TraditionalMNC BusinessModel

FutureOpportunity?

The Poor Have Purchasing PowerWhat Durables Do they Own ?

Slums Chawls Others

Average Number Owned 5.4 6.5 8.7

Basic Kitchen Durables

- Gas Stove - Pressure Cooker - Mixer

5674

74

7089

81

82

8885

Conveniences - Fridge - Toaster - Washing Machine - Kitchen Sink - Telephone - Two Wheeler

24 1 2 321 0

38 210 827 4

601826315513

Entertainment

- TV - B/W - TV – Color - Cable (local) - 2 – in - 1

43476535

25677143

16797348

DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES

Bits for All Link organic, affordable information devices (and

therefore people) in a cost-effective manner

Tomorrow’s Tools Devices to connect the digital

to the real world

• Integration of the research

• Allow villagers to express themselves

• Manage costs and finances

World Computer

An information technology device that can be used by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or infrastructure availability

• Low cost • Minimal infrastructure operations • Usable by illiterates

Digital Village

• Focus on technologies that are:

– Relevant– High impact– Pervasive– Cutting edge– Cost-effective– Replicable– Scalable

PROJECTS UNDERWAY

Bits for All Rural WiFi

DakNet Digital Gangetic Plain

Off-line Internet Access Rural VOIP

Ad hoc networks Efficient networks

SACs

Tomorrow’s Tools Digital Craft Revival

Digital Music Infosculpture

Suchik Polysensors

Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer

PowersensorsThinkCycle

BRICS Semantic Legacy document

Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics

World Computer

Rural OS

Speech Interfaces Visual Language Interfaces for All

Interlingua Web

Literacy Learning thru Pictures

Low cost computing

Community Connection Grassroots

ICT Digital Mandi

Infothela

SARICa:sh

Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses

Digital Village

New Projects Underway

DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTS CONTINUED

Communications Infrastructure

eGovernance & Education

Economic Development

Health & Agriculture

Communications & Content

Tomorrow’sTools

Bits For All

Interfaces, Sensors, & Tools

World Computer

Digital VillageApplications

& Services

Power Sensors

Gram ChitraNumeric Interfaces

DakNetRural p2p

Meshes

ca:sh BaatchitSARICensus

Rural VOIP& VMOIP

Infothela

UV-VIS Spectrometer

Digital Mandi

Suchik Rural Fab Lab PolySensors

802.rural

OS, Languages & Access Devices

Multi-LiterateInterfaces

Rural OS 1.0iPAQ

Simputer

Interlingua Web

BITS FOR ALL: 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS)

DakNet

• Last-mile “seed”infrastructure• Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural connectivity• Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses, mopeds…• High-bandwidth (supports voice and data transmission)• Pilot testing underway

• Last-20 mile solution• Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking provide long-range broadband infrastructure• Experimental 802.11b Network connecting the Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than 4Mb/s)

Rural Multihop

• Ubiquitous broadband coverage• Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh peer-to-peer networking• ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in R&D efforts

Rural p2p Meshes

TOMORROW’S TOOLS: GRAM CHITRA

(E-GOVERNANCE PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY)

• Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers empowering villagers to create local maps

• Applications include: – Census data collection – Educating schoolchildren on

mapping – Automating land records – Epidemiological data

collection for infectious diseases

– Forestry management – Disaster management planning

• GPS.Everywhere

VALUE EXAMPLES

• Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural connectivity with telecom features

• Enables villages to receive apps, e- governance services along the rural communications wireless trunk

• Enables a new breed of apps, services to villages not typically connected by advanced communications

• Empowers village women, children to automatically create maps, collect info

• Enables quality state government decision- making

• Enables high quality census data collection from grassroots

• National ID card program

• Defence/security applications

• Water quality and medical extension

• Enables mobile data collection, monitoring & medical services in the midst of rural communities• Expands coverage significantly of delivering & monitoring rural healthcare, esp to women & children• Quality Information for decision-making• Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural communities

Rural Wi-Fi GIS CA:SH

AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE

DIGITAL VILLAGE: INFOTHELA(E-GOVERNANCE)

• “Information or e-Governance Cart” for providing and exchanging information

• Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on connected via wireless technology

• Pedaling charges battery pack

• Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood pressure testing machine)

• Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the user

The Dynamics of BOP Markets:1. The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies2. They have Purchasing Power3. Significant % of Poor are Geographically

Concentrated4. The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth5. The Poor Accept New Technologies6. There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to Infrastructure Investments among the Poor7. Women are Key to Developing these Markets

We Need to go Beyond Quality:Scale and Geographic Scope

USA, Europe,

Japan

S.Korea,TaiwanFinland

Switzerland

Local Firms Global Firms

SmallDomesticMarket

WorldScaleDomestic Market

ChinaIndia,Brazil

ChinaIndia

Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation: Criteria

Innovative High Tech. Solutions

SustainableDevelopment

Scale of Operations

New Price-Perf. Levels

800 million Indian Consumers

4500 million Global

Consumers

INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND THE

MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET FOR….

1. Cement2. Processed Food3. Confectionary4. Footwear5. Textiles6. Two Wheelers7. TVs8. Wireless Devices9. Public Transportation10.Waste Management

11. Water12. Primary Health13. Hospitality14. Retailing15. Agri Inputs16. Desert Farming17. Adult Education18. Art Restoration19. Solar Power20. Refrigeration

Thank You